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Cited by 267Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder children with a 7-repeat allele of the dopamine receptor D4 gene have extreme behavior but normal performance on critical neuropsychological tests of attention

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Swanson, James, Oosterlaan, Jaap, Murias, Michael, Schuck, Sabrina, Flodman, Pamela, Spence, M. Anne, Wasdell, Michael, Ding, Yuanchun +14 more·2000·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
DOI 10.1073/pnas.080070897PMC PMC18305
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Abstract

An association of the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene located on chromosome 11p15.5 and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been demonstrated and replicated by multiple investigators. A specific allele [the 7-repeat of a 48-bp variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in exon 3] has been proposed as an etiological factor in attentional deficits manifested in some children diagnosed with this disorder. In the current study, we evaluated ADHD subgroups defined by the presence or absence of the 7-repeat allele of the DRD4 gene, using neuropsychological tests with reaction time measures designed to probe attentional networks with neuroanatomical foci in D4-rich brain regions. Despite the same severity of symptoms on parent and teacher ratings for the ADHD subgroups, the average reaction times of the 7-present subgroup showed normal speed and variability of response whereas the average reaction times of the 7-absent subgroup showed the expected abnormalities (slow and variable responses). This was opposite the primary prediction of the study. The 7-present subgroup seemed to be free of some of the neuropsychological abnormalities thought to characterize ADHD.

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Authors
Swanson, J., Oosterlaan, J., Murias, M., Schuck, S., Flodman, P., Spence, M. A., Wasdell, M., Ding, Y., Chi, H.-C., Smith, M., Mann, M., Carlson, C., Kennedy, J. L., Sergeant, J. A., Leung, P., Zhang, Y.-P., Sadeh, A., Chen, C., Whalen, C. K., Babb, K. A., Moyzis, R., & Posner, M. I.
Affiliations
  • University of California, Irvine (US)
  • Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92612; Departments of Biological Chemistry and Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697; Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Free University, Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1109 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; The Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, Box 140, New York, NY 10021;...
ORCID
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher
National Academy of Sciences
Published
2000-04-18
Volume
97
Issue
9
Pages
4754-4759
ISSN
  • 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
  • 1091-6490
DOI
10.1073/pnas.080070897
PMC
PMC18305
OpenAlex
W2117109682
Cited by
267
References
63
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 16
FWCI
9.32
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • VU Research Portal (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
  • Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, dopamine D4 receptor, DRD4 gene, 7-repeat allele, variable number tandem repeats, chromosome 11p15.5, attentional networks, reaction time, response variability, neuropsychological performance, genetic association, children
MeSH terms
Alleles, Attention, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Chromosome Mapping, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11, Exons, Female, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Reference Values, Cohort Studies, Receptors, Dopamine D2, Minisatellite Repeats, Receptors, Dopamine D4

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