Neuropsychopharmacological mechanisms of stimulant drug action in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a review and integration

Solanto, Mary V

doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(97)00175-7

Cited by 677Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

Neuropsychopharmacological mechanisms of stimulant drug action in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a review and integration

Solanto, Mary V·1998·Behavioural Brain Research

DOI 10.1016/s0166-4328(97)00175-7

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The psychostimulants, D-amphetamine (D-AMP) and methylphenidate (MPH), are widely used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in both children and adults. The purpose of this paper is to integrate results of basic and clinical research with stimulants in order to enhance understanding of the neuropharmacological mechanisms of therapeutic action of these drugs. Neurochemical, neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies in animals reveal that the facilitative effects of stimulants on locomotor activity, reinforcement processes, and rate-dependency are mediated by dopaminergic effects at the nucleus accumbens, whereas effects on delayed responding and working memory are mediated by noradrenergic afferents from the locus coeruleus (LC) to prefrontal cortex (PFC). Enhancing effects of the stimulants on attention and stimulus control of behavior are mediated by both dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems. In humans, stimulants appear to exert rate-dependent effects on activity levels, and primarily enhance the motor output, rather than stimulus evaluation stages of information-processing. Similarity of response of individuals with and without ADHD suggests that the stimulants do not target a specific neurobiological deficit in ADHD, but rather exert compensatory effects. Integration of evidence from pre-clinical and clinical research suggests that these effects may involve stimulation of pre-synaptic inhibitory autoreceptors, resulting in reduced activity in dopaminergic and noradrenergic pathways. The implications of these and other hypotheses for further pre-clinical and clinical research are discussed.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0166-4328(97)00175-7

Cites

294 of 294 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

More than 90% of patients will have a beneficial response to one of the psychostimulants if a range of medications from both the methylphenidate and amphetamine/dextroamphetamine classes are tried.
“Authors of other reports suggest that more than 90% of patients will have a beneficial response to 1 of the psychostimulants if a range of medications from both the methylphenidate and amphetamine and/or dextroamphetamine classes are tried.147”
From Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents (2019) · cites this paper as [147]
LDX induces activation of dopaminergic and adrenergic receptors DRD1, DRD5, DRD2, ADRA2A, ADRA2B and ADRA2C, contributing to neurotransmission signalling.
“First, LDX induces activation of the known dopaminergic and adrenergic receptors DA receptor 1A (DRD1), DA receptor 1B (DRD5), DRD2, ADRA2A, ADRA2B and alpha-2C adrenergic receptor (ADRA2C) [155, 158, 159], contributing to neurotransmission signalling.”
From Molecular Characterisation of the Mechanism of Action of Stimulant Drugs Lisdexamfetamine and Methylphenidate on ADHD Neurobiology: A Review (2022) · cites this paper as [159]
The modulation of LDX involves dopaminergic and adrenergic neurotransmission, inducing upregulation of ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C, DRD1 and DRD5, and immunomodulation by modulating several interleukins, mainly IL-4 and IL-10 that present an anti-inflammatory profile.
“The modulation of LDX involves dopaminergic and adrenergic neurotransmission, inducing upregulation of ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C, DRD1 and DRD5 [155, 158, 159], and immunomodulation by modulating several interleukins, mainly IL-4 and IL-10 that present an anti-inflammatory profile [160].”
From Molecular Characterisation of the Mechanism of Action of Stimulant Drugs Lisdexamfetamine and Methylphenidate on ADHD Neurobiology: A Review (2022) · cites this paper as [159]
DRD1, DRD5, ADRA2A, ADRA2B and ADRA2C are activated downstream by LDX.
“The DRD1, DRD5, ADRA2A, ADRA2B and ADRA2C are activated downstream by LDX [155, 158, 159].”
From Molecular Characterisation of the Mechanism of Action of Stimulant Drugs Lisdexamfetamine and Methylphenidate on ADHD Neurobiology: A Review (2022) · cites this paper as [159]
Stimulants may enhance task-specific signaling in target neurons within specific circuits through their DA and NE amplifying capacity.
“Thus, by virtue of their DA and NE amplifying capacity (Kuczenski and Segal, 1997;Solanto, 1998), stimulants may enhance task-specific signaling in target neurons within specific circuits.”
From Understanding the Effects of Stimulant Medications on Cognition in Individuals with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Decade of Progress (2011) · cites this paper as Solanto, 1998

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,841 · see citing works
The relation of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit formation
Yerkes, R. M., & Dodson, J. D. (1908) · Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology · doi:10.1002/cne.920180503 · Cited by 6,911 · see citing works
Goodman and Gilman's the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
Stigelman, W. H., & Pharm, D. (1986) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/151.1.386 · Cited by 6,796 · see citing works
Drugs abused by humans preferentially increase synaptic dopamine concentrations in the mesolimbic system of freely moving rats.
Di Chiara, G., & Imperato, A. (1988) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.85.14.5274 · Cited by 4,733 · see citing works
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment
Barkley, R. A., & Poillion, M. J. (1994) · Behavioral Disorders · doi:10.1177/019874299401900205 · Cited by 4,632 · see citing works
Stereotaxic mapping of the monoamine pathways in the rat brain
Ungerstedt, U. (1971) · Acta Physiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1365-201x.1971.tb10998.x · Cited by 3,819 · see citing works
The discovery of processing stages: Extensions of Donders' method
Sternberg, S. (1969) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/0001-6918(69)90055-9 · Cited by 3,137 · see citing works
Psychopharmacology: The Fourth Generation of Progress
Bloom, F. E., & Kupfer, D. J. (1995) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,985 · see citing works
Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
Hastings, R. C. (1996) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03540120077042 · Cited by 2,386 · see citing works
RELATIVE AND ABSOLUTE STRENGTH OF RESPONSE AS A FUNCTION OF FREQUENCY OF REINFORCEMENT 1, 2
Herrnstein, R. J. (1961) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.1961.4-267 · Cited by 2,281 · see citing works
Enduring changes in brain and behavior produced by chronic amphetamine administration: A review and evaluation of animal models of amphetamine psychosis
Robinson, T. G., & BECKER, J. (1986) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(86)80193-7 · Cited by 2,110 · see citing works
Enduring changes in brain and behavior produced by chronic amphetamine administration: A review and evaluation of animal models of amphetamine psychosis
Robinson, T. E., & Becker, J. B. (1986) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/0165-0173(86)90002-0 · Cited by 1,796 · see citing works
Psychopharmacology: The Fourth Generation of Progress
Brophy, J. J. (1995) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03530220079046 · Cited by 1,582 · see citing works
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. A Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment
Silver, L. B. (1991) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199107000-00040 · Cited by 1,395 · see citing works
DOPAMINERGIC NEURONS: EFFECT OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS AND AMPHETAMINE ON SINGLE CELL ACTIVITY
Bunney, B. S., Walters, J. R., Roth, R. H., & Aghajanian, G. K. (1973) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)29539-8 · Cited by 1,283 · see citing works
Arousal, activation, and effort in the control of attention.
Pribram, K. H., & McGuinness, D. (1975) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0076780 · Cited by 1,208 · see citing works
Quantitative brain magnetic resonance imaging in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Castellanos, F. X. (1996) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830070053009 · Cited by 1,183 · see citing works
Current advances and trends in the treatment of depression
Blier, P., & de Montigny, C. (1994) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/0165-6147(94)90315-8 · Cited by 1,113 · see citing works
Mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic network: functional and regulatory roles
Moal, M. L., & Simon, H. (1991) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1991.71.1.155 · Cited by 1,096 · see citing works
THE BEHAVIOR OF CHILDREN RECEIVING BENZEDRINE
Bradley, C. (1937) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.94.3.577 · Cited by 1,035 · see citing works
Nonrepinephrine-containing locus coeruleus neurons in behaving rats exhibit pronounced responses to non-noxious environmental stimuli
Aston-Jones, G., & Bloom, F. (1981) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.01-08-00887.1981 · Cited by 1,033 · see citing works
Inhibition of both noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons in brain by the α-adrenergic agonist clonidine
Svensson, T. H., Bunney, B. S., & Aghajanian, G. K. (1975) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(75)90276-0 · Cited by 1,009 · see citing works
Association of attention-deficit disorder and the dopamine transporter gene.
Cook, E. H., Stein, M. A., Krasowski, M. D., Cox, N. J., Olkon, D. M., Kieffer, J. E., & LEVENTHAL, B. L. (1995) · PubMed Central · Cited by 990 · see citing works
Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Adults with Hyperactivity of Childhood Onset
Zametkin, A. J., NORDAHL, T. E., Gross, M., King, A. C., Semple, W. E., Rumsey, J. M., Hamburger, S., & Cohen, R. M. (1990) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199011153232001 · Cited by 962 · see citing works
Towards a model of stress and human performance
Sanders, A. F. (1983) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/0001-6918(83)90016-1 · Cited by 878 · see citing works
Implication of right frontostriatal circuitry in response inhibition and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
CASEY, B. J., CASTELLANOS, F. X., GIEDD, J. N., MARSH, W. L., HAMBURGER, S. D., SCHUBERT, A. B., VAUSS, Y. C., VAITUZIS, A. C., DICKSTEIN, D. P., SARFATTI, S. E., et al. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199703000-00016 · Cited by 800 · see citing works
Asymmetric neural control systems in human self-regulation.
Tucker, D. M., & Williamson, P. A. (1984) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.91.2.185 · Cited by 781 · see citing works
PRE AND POSTSYNAPTIC RECEPTORS
Rees, D. (1976) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.39.10.1035 · Cited by 779 · see citing works
Effects of lesions to ascending noradrenergic neurones on performance of a 5-choice serial reaction task in rats; implications for theories of dorsal noradrenergic bundle function based on selective attention and arousal
Carli, M., Robbins, T. W., Evenden, J. L., & Everitt, B. J. (1983) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0166-4328(83)90138-9 · Cited by 736 · see citing works
Stimulants : neurochemical, behavioral, and clinical perspectives
Creese, I. (1983) · Raven Press eBooks · Cited by 698 · see citing works
Dopamine D4 receptor gene polymorphism is associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
LaHoste, G. J., Swanson, J. M., Wigal, S. B., Glabe, C. G., Wigal, T. L., King, N., & Kennedy, J. L. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 678 · see citing works
Locus coeruleus neurons in monkey are selectively activated by attended cues in a vigilance task
Aston-Jones, G., Rajkowski, J., Kubiak, P., & Alexinsky, T. (1994) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.14-07-04467.1994 · Cited by 637 · see citing works
Food reward and cocaine increase extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens as measured by microdialysis
Hernandez, L., & Hoebel, B. G. (1988) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(88)90036-7 · Cited by 627 · see citing works
Brain Morphology in Developmental Dyslexia and Attention Deficit Disorder/Hyperactivity
Hynd, G. W., Semrud‐Clikeman, M., Lorys, A. R., Novey, E. S., & Eliopulos, D. (1990) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1990.00530080107018 · Cited by 612 · see citing works
Discharge of noradrenergic locus coeruleus neurons in behaving rats and monkeys suggests a role in vigilance
Aston‐Jones, G., Chiang, C., & Alexinsky, T. (1991) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)63830-3 · Cited by 589 · see citing works
Molecular characterization of the dopamine transporter.
Giros, B., & Caron, M. (1993) · TIPS - Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/0165-6147(93)90029-j · Cited by 582 · see citing works
Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: Constructing a unifying theory of ADHD.
Barkley, R. A. (1997) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.121.1.65 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Is Methylphenidate Like Cocaine?: Studies on Their Pharmacokinetics and Distribution in the Human Brain
Volkow, N. D. (1995) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950180042006 · Cited by 575 · see citing works
α 2 -Adrenergic Mechanisms in Prefrontal Cortex Associated with Cognitive Decline in Aged Nonhuman Primates
Arnsten, A. F. T., & Goldman-Rakic, P. S. (1985) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2999977 · Cited by 549 · see citing works
Striatal Dysfunction in Attention Deficit and Hyperkinetic Disorder
LOU, H. C., Henriksen, L., Bruhn, P. J., Borner, H., & Nielsen, J. B. (1989) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1989.00520370050018 · Cited by 543 · see citing works
Dopamine Auto- and Postsynaptic Receptors: Electrophysiological Evidence for Differential Sensitivity to Dopamine Agonists
Skirboll, L. R., Grace, A. A., & Bunney, B. S. (1979) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.482929 · Cited by 501 · see citing works
Focal Cerebral Hypoperfusion in Children With Dysphasia and/or Attention Deficit Disorder
Lou, H. C., Henriksen, L., & Bruhn, P. J. (1984) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1984.04050190031010 · Cited by 495 · see citing works
Catecholamine regulation of the prefrontal cortex
Arnsten, A. F. T. (1997) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/026988119701100208 · Cited by 489 · see citing works
Confirmation of association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and a dopamine transporter polymorphism.
Gill, M., Daly, G., Heron, S., Hawi, Z., & Fitzgerald, M. (1997) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000290 · Cited by 482 · see citing works
Destruction of dopaminergic nerve terminals in nucleus accumbens: Effect on d-amphetamine self-administration
Lyness, W. H., Friedle, N. M., & Moore, K. E. (1979) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(79)90040-6 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Multiple Ionic Conductances of the Human Dopamine Transporter: The Actions of Dopamine and Psychostimulants
Sonders, M. S., Zhu, S.-J., Zahniser, N. R., Kavanaugh, M. P., & Amara, S. G. (1997) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-03-00960.1997 · Cited by 446 · see citing works
ENHANCEMENT OF HUMAN PERFORMANCE BY CAFFEINE AND THE AMPHETAMINES
Weiss, B., & Laties, V. G. (1962) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0031-6997(25)07003-6 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
Methylphenidate in Hyperkinetic Children: Differences in Dose Effects on Learning and Social Behavior
Sprague, R. L., & Sleator, E. K. (1977) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.337493 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Catecholamines in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Current Perspectives
Pliszka, S. R., McCracken, J. T., & Maas, J. W. (1996) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199603000-00006 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Principles of Neuropsychopharmacology
Feldman, R. S., Meyer, J. S., & Quenzer, L. F. (1997) · Cited by 437 · see citing works
Comparison of Effects of L-Dopa, Amphetamine and Apomorphine on Firing Rate of Rat Dopaminergic Neurones
Bunney, B. S., Aghajanian, G. K., & Roth, R. H. (1973) · Nature New Biology · doi:10.1038/newbio245123a0 · Cited by 434 · see citing works
Dextroamphetamine: Its Cognitive and Behavioral Effects in Normal and Hyperactive Boys and Normal Men
Rapoport, J. L. (1980) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1980.01780210091010 · Cited by 434 · see citing works
Error Patterns on the Continuous Performance Test in Non‐Medicated and Medicated Samples of Children With and Without ADHD: A Meta‐Analytic Review
Losier, B. J., McGrath, P. J., & Klein, R. M. (1996) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01494.x · Cited by 424 · see citing works
Evidence for dopamine receptors mediating sedation in the mouse brain
Chiara, G. D., Porceddu, M. L., Vargiu, L., Argiolas, A., & Gessa, G. L. (1976) · Nature · doi:10.1038/264564a0 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Selective Brain Dopamine Depletion in Developing Rats: An Experimental Model of Minimal Brain Dysfunction
Shaywitz, B. A., Yager, R. D., & Klopper, J. H. (1976) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.942800 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Comparative studies of various amphetamine analogues demonstrating different interactions with the metabolism of the catecholamines in the brain
Scheel‐Krüger, J. (1971) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0014-2999(71)90121-x · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Concomitant characterization of behavioral and striatal neurotransmitter response to amphetamine using in vivo microdialysis
Kuczenski, R. T., & Segal, D. (1989) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.09-06-02051.1989 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Dopaminergic substrates of amphetamine-induced place preference conditioning
Spyraki, C., Fibiger, H. C., & Phillips, A. G. (1982) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(82)90685-0 · Cited by 382 · see citing works
Dextroamphetamine: Cognitive and Behavioral Effects in Normal Prepubertal Boys
Rapoport, J. L., Buchsbaum, M. S., Zahn, T. P., Weingartner, H., Ludlow, C., & Mikkelsen, E. J. (1978) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.341313 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Self-injection of amphetamine directly into the brain
Hoebel, B. G., Monaco, A. P., Hernandez, L., Aulisi, E. F., Stanley, B. G., & Lenard, L. (1983) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00429012 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Brainstem innervation of prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex in the rhesus monkey revealed by retrograde transport of HRP
Porrino, L. J., & Goldman, P. S. (1982) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902050107 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Locus coeruleus activity in monkey: Phasic and tonic changes are associated with altered vigilance
Rajkowski, J., Kubiak, P., & Aston‐Jones, G. (1994) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/0361-9230(94)90175-9 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Advances in Behavioral Pharmacology
Krasnegor, N., Gray, D. B., & Thompson, T. (2014) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315825540 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Neurobiology of Attention Deficit Disorder With Hyperactivity: Where Have We Come in 50 Years?
Zametkin, A. J., & Rapoport, J. L. (1987) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-198709000-00011 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Brain Metabolism in Teenagers With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Zametkin, A. J. (1993) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820170011002 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Toward a Clearer Definition of the Attentional Deficit of Hyperactive Children
Douglas, V. I., & Peters, K. G. (1979) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-2985-5_8 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Drug Facilitation of Learning and Memory
McGaugh, J. L. (1973) · Annual Review of Pharmacology · doi:10.1146/annurev.pa.13.040173.001305 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Catecholamine receptor agonists
Str�mbom, U. (1976) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00498588 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
6-Hydroxydopamine lesions of the nucleus accumbens, but not of the caudate nucleus, attenuate enhanced responding with reward-related stimuli produced by intra-accumbens d-amphetamine
Taylor, J. R., & Robbins, T. W. (1986) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00179197 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Distribution of putative neurotransmitters in the neocortex
Emson, P. C., & Lindvall, O. (1979) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(79)90215-x · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Clonidine Benefits Children with Attention Deficit Disorder and Hyperactivity: Report of a Double-Blind Placebo-Crossover Therapeutic Trial
Hunt, R. D., Minderaa, R. B., & Cohen, D. J. (1985) · Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0002-7138(09)60065-0 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
An Open Trial of Guanfacine in the Treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Hunt, R. D., Arnsten, A. F. T., & Asbell, M. D. (1995) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199501000-00013 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and comorbid disorders: issues of overlapping symptoms.
Milberger, S., Biederman, J., Faraone, S., Murphy, J. M., & Tsuang, M. (1995) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.152.12.1793 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
A Naturalistic Assessment of the Motor Activity of Hyperactive Boys
Porrino, L. J. (1983) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1983.04390010091012 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Differential Effects of Methylphenidate on Working Memory in ADHD Children with and without Comorbid Anxiety
Tannock, R., Ickowicz, A., & Schachar, R. J. (1995) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199507000-00012 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine treatments of hyperactivity: Are there true nonresponders?
Elia, J., Borcherding, B. G., Rapoport, J. L., & Keysor, C. S. (1991) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(91)90126-a · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Effect of Anxiety on Cognition, Behavior, and Stimulant Response in ADHD
PLISZKA, S. R. (1989) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-198911000-00012 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Current Developments in Psychopharmacology
Essman, W. B., & Valzelli, L. (1981) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-8123-5 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Effects of methylphenidate on inhibitory control in hyperactive children
Tannock, R., Schachar, R. J., Carr, R. P., Chajczyk, D., & Logan, G. D. (1989) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/bf00916508 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Differential effects of excitotoxic lesions of the basolateral amygdala, ventral subiculum and medial prefrontal cortex on responding with conditioned reinforcement and locomotor activity potentiated by intra-accumbens infusions ofd-amphetamine
Burns, L. H., Robbins, T. W., & Everitt, B. J. (1993) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0166-4328(93)90113-5 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
The tonic/phasic model of dopamine system regulation: its relevance for understanding how stimulant abuse can alter basal ganglia function
Grace, A. A. (1995) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/0376-8716(94)01066-t · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Guanfacine treatment of comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and Tourette's syndrome: preliminary clinical experience
CHAPPELL, P. B., RIDDLE, M. A., SCAHILL, L., LYNCH, K. A., SCHULTZ, R., ARNSTEN, A., LECKMAN, J. F., & COHEN, D. J. (1995) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199509000-00010 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Behavioral sensitization: Characterization of enduring changes in rotational behavior produced by intermittent injections of amphetamine in male and female rats
Robinson, T. E. (1984) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00431451 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) as an animal model of childhood hyperactivity (ADHD): changed reactivity to reinforcers and to psychomotor stimulants
Sagvolden, T., Metzger, M. A., Schiørbeck, H., Rugland, A.-L., Spinnangr, I., & Sagvolden, G. (1992) · Behavioral and Neural Biology · doi:10.1016/0163-1047(92)90315-u · Cited by 238 · see citing works
SUSTAINED ATTENTION IN HYPERACTIVE CHILDREN*
Sykes, D. H., Douglas, V. I., & Morgenstern, G. (1973) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1973.tb01189.x · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Attention Deficit Disorder and Methylphenidate: Normalization Rates, Clinical Effectiveness, and Response Prediction in 76 Children
Rapport, M. D., Denney, C. B., DuPaul, G. J., & GARDNER, M. J. (1994) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199407000-00015 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Rate-Dependency of the Behavioral Effects of Amphetamine
DEWS, P. B., & Wenger, G. R. (1977) · Advances in behavioral pharmacology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-004701-7.50010-1 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Methylphenidate and cognitive flexibility: Dissociated dose effects in hyperactive children
Tannock, R., Schachar, R. J., & Logan, G. D. (1995) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/bf01447091 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Neuropsychological functioning, motor speed, and language processing in boys with and without ADHD
Carte, E. T., Nigg, J. T., & Hinshaw, S. P. (1996) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf01441570 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Attention Deficit Disorder With Hyperactivity: A Specific Hypothesis of Reward Dysfunction
HAENLEIN, M., & CAUL, W. F. (1987) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-198705000-00014 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Time-Response Analysis of the Effect of Stimulant Medication on the Learning Ability of Children Referred for Hyperactivity
Swanson, J., Kinsbourne, M., Roberts, W., & Zucker, K. (1978) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.61.1.21 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Altered dopaminergic function in the prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens and caudate-putamen of an animal model of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder–the spontaneously hypertensive rat.
Russell, V., de Villiers, A., Sagvolden, T., Lamm, M., & Taljaard, J. (1995) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)00135-d · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Effects of reward and response costs on inhibition in ADHD children.
Iaboni, F., Douglas, V. I., & Baker, A. G. (1995) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.104.1.232 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Activating Tasks for the Study of Visual-Spatial Attention in ADHD Children: A Cognitive Anatomic Approach
Swanson, J. M., Posner, M. I., Potkin, S. G., Bonforte, S., Youpa, D. G., Fiore, C., Cantwell, D. P., & Crinella, F. (1991) · Journal of Child Neurology · doi:10.1177/0883073891006001s12 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Electrophysiological evidence for A10 dopamine autoreceptor subsensitivity following chronicd-amphetamine treatment
White, F. J., & Wang, R. Y. (1984) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(84)90594-8 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Evoked Potential and Behavioral Signs of Attentive Dysfunctions in Hyperactive Boys
Loiselle, D. L., Stamm, J. S., Maitinsky, S., & Whipple, S. C. (1980) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1980.tb00134.x · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Comparative Effects of Methylphenidate and Thioridazine in Hyperkinetic Children
Gittelman-Klein, R. (1976) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1976.01770100079008 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites in boys with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Castellanos, F. X., Elia, J., Kruesi, M. J. P., Gulotta, C. S., Mefford, I. N., Potte, W. Z., Ritchie, G. F., & Rapoport, J. L. (1994) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(94)90076-0 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Relationship between self-administration of amphetamine and monoamine receptors in brain: comparison with cocaine.
Ritz, M. C., & Kuhar, M. J. (1989) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)24116-7 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Dopamine and conditioned reinforcement
Kelley, A. E., & Delfs, J. M. (1991) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02244202 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
“Paradoxical” effects of psychomotor stimulant drugs in hyperactive children from the standpoint of behavioural pharmacology
Robbins, T. W., & Sahakian, B. J. (1979) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/0028-3908(79)90157-6 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Disruption of selective attention in the rat following chronic d-amphetamine administration: relationship to schizophrenic attention disorder.
Crider, A. B., Solomon, P. R., & McMahon, M. A. B. (1982) · PubMed · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Effects of Amphetamine on Single Cell Activity in a Catecholamine Nucleus, the Locus Coeruleus
GRAHAM, A. W., & AGHAJANIAN, G. K. (1971) · Nature · doi:10.1038/234100b0 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Ritalin: Theory and Patient Management
Greenhill, L. L. (1991) · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Response of Children with ADHD to Methylphenidate: Interaction with Internalizing Symptoms
DuPaul, G. J., Barkley, R. A., & McMurray, M. B. (1994) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199407000-00016 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Methylphenidate and Haloperidol in Children
WERRY, J. S. (1975) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1975.01760240118009 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Memory facilitation produced by dopamine agonists: Role of receptor subtype and mnemonic requirements
Packard, M. G., & White, N. M. (1989) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(89)90378-x · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) as a putative animal model of childhood hyperkinesis: SHR behavior compared to four other rat strains.
Sagvolden, T., Pettersen, M. B., & Larsen, M. C. (1993) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(93)90323-8 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Dextroamphetamine Enhances “Neural Network-Specific” Physiological Signals: A Positron-Emission Tomography rCBF Study
Mattay, V. S., Berman, K. F., Ostrem, J. L., Esposito, G., Van Horn, J. D., Bigelow, L. B., & Weinberger, D. R. (1996) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-15-04816.1996 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Treatment of Hyperactive Children With Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
Zametkin, A. J. (1985) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1985.01790330049006 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Catecholamine content of individual brain regions of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SH-rats)
Versteeg, D. H. G., Palkovits, M., van der Gugten, J., Wijnen, H. J. L. M., Smeets, G. W. M., & de Jong, W. (1976) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(76)90300-0 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Facilitating effects of pre- and posttrial amphetamine administration on discrimination learning in mice
Krivanek, J. A., & McGaugh, J. L. (1969) · Inflammation Research · doi:10.1007/bf01977664 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Hyperactive and hypoxic children: Signal detection, sustained attention, and behavior.
O'Dougherty, M. M., Neuchterlein, K. H., & Drew, B. (1984) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.93.2.178 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
The effects of haloperidol on amphetamine-and methylphenidate-induced conditioned place preferences and locomotor activity
Mithani, S., Martin-Iverson, M. T., Phillips, A. G., & Fibiger, H. C. (1986) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00181251 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Prevention of denervation atrophy in muscle: Mammalian neurotrophic factor is not transferrin
Davis, H. L., & Heinicke, E. (1984) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(84)90595-x · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Presynaptic modulation of the release of dopamine from the rabbit caudate nucleus: differences between electrical stimulation, amphetamine and tyramine.
Kamal, L. A., Arbilla, S., & Langer, S. Z. (1981) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)32470-5 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
DOSAGE EFFECTS AND INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIVITY TO METHYLPHENIDATE IN ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER
Douglas, V. I., Barr, R. G., Amin, K., O'Neill, M. E., & Britton, B. G. (1988) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00737.x · Cited by 140 · see citing works
The effect of methylphenidate (Ritalin) on sustained attention in hyperactive children
Sykes, D. H., Douglas, V. I., & Morgenstern, G. (1972) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00422506 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Controlled processing and vigilance in hyperactivity: Time will tell
van der Meere, J., & Sergeant, J. A. (1988) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/bf00913475 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Correlation of dose-dependent effects of acute amphetamine administration on behavior and local cerebral metabolism in rats
Porrino, L. J., Lucignani, G., Dow-Edwards, D. L., & Sokoloff, L. (1984) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(84)90485-2 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Forebrain norepinephrine: role in controlled information processing in the rat.
Cole, B. J., & Robbins, T. W. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Attention deficit disorder in children
Voeller, K. K. S., & Heilman, K. M. (1988) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.38.5.806 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Current developments in psychopharmacology
Crow, T. J. (1977) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(77)90037-x · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Cerebral glucose metabolism in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder after chronic stimulant treatment
(1994) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.151.5.658 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Cerebrospinal Fluid Homovanillic Acid Predicts Behavioral Response to Stimulants in 45 Boys with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Castellanos, F. X., Elia, J., Kruesi, M. J. P., Marsh, W., Gulotta, C. S., Potter, W. Z., Ritchie, G. F., Hamburger, S. D., & Rapoport, J. L. (1996) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/0893-133x(95)00077-q · Cited by 129 · see citing works
A Naturalistic Assessment of the Motor Activity of Hyperactive Boys: II. Stimulant Drug Effects
Porrino, L. J. (1983) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1983.04390010098013 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Treatment of Hyperactive Children With Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
Zametkin, A. (1985) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1985.01790330042005 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Effect of amphetamine on long-term retention of verbal material
Soetens, E., Hueting, J., Casaer, S., & D’Hooge, R. (1995) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02246156 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Effects of d-amphetamine and apomorphine upon operant behavior and schedule-induced licking in rats with 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesions of the nucleus accumbens.
Robbins, T. W., Roberts, D. C. S., & Koob, G. F. (1983) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)33532-9 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Contrasting effects of clonidine and diazepam on tests of working memory and planning
Coull, J. T., Middleton, H. C., Robbins, T. W., & Sahakian, B. J. (1995) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02311179 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Effects of amphetamine on vigilance performance in normal and hyperactive children
Sostek, A. J., Buchsbaum, M. S., & Rapoport, J. L. (1980) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/bf00916502 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Neuropharmacological basis of stimulant drug action in attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity: a review and synthesis
Solanto, M. V. (1984) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.387 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Self-citation
Clonidine and diazepam have differential effects on tests of attention and learning
Coull, J. T., Middleton, H. C., Robbins, T. W., & Sahakian, B. J. (1995) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02311180 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Evidence of difficulties in sustained attention in children with ADDH
Seidel, W. T., & Joschko, M. (1990) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/bf00910732 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Guanfacine for Treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Boys
Horrigan, J. P., & Barnhill, L. J. (1995) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.1995.5.215 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Bilateral intra-accumbens self-administration ofd-amphetamine: Antagonism with intra-accumbens SCH-23390 and sulpiride
Phillips, G. D., Robbins, T. W., & Everitt, B. J. (1994) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02249339 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
The Pharmacology of Human Information Processing
Callaway, E. (1983) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1983.tb00915.x · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Cognitive Event-Related Potentials in Attention Deficit Disorder
Klorman, R. (1991) · Journal of Learning Disabilities · doi:10.1177/002221949102400301 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Striatal single-unit responses to amphetamine and neuroleptics in freely moving rats
Haracz, J. L., Tschanz, J. T., Wang, Z., White, I. M., & Rebec, G. V. (1993) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(05)80226-x · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Hyperactive and hypoxic children: Signal detection, sustained attention, and behavior.
O'Dougherty, M. M., Neuchterlein, K. H., & Drew, B. (1984) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.93.2.178 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Neurotransmitters, Receptors and Drug Action
Jenner, P. (1981) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.44.4.376 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Methylphenidate in hyperactive children: Differential effects of dose on academic, learning, and social behavior
Rapport, M. D., Stoner, G. D., DuPaul, G. J., Birmingham, B. K., & Tucker, S. B. (1985) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/bf00910644 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Concomitant sensitization of amphetamine-induced behavioral stimulation and in vivo dopamine release from rat caudate nucleus
Patrick, S. L., Thompson, T. L., Walker, J. M., & Patrick, R. L. (1991) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(91)90453-3 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Effects of Acute Stimulant Medication on Cerebral Metabolism in Adults with Hyperactivity
Matochik, J. A., Nordahl, T. E., Gross, M., Semple, W. E., King, A. C., Cohen, R. M., & Zametkin, A. J. (1993) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.1993.38 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Do High Doses of Stimulants Impair Flexible Thinking in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder?
DOUGLAS, V. I., BARR, R. G., DESILETS, J., & SHERMAN, E. (1995) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199507000-00011 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Effects of methylphenidate on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder with and without aggressive/noncompliant features.
Klorman, R., Brumaghim, J. T., Salzman, L. F., Strauss, J., Borgstedt, A. D., McBride, M. C., & Loeb, S. (1988) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.97.4.413 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
A comparison of the effects of 1-benzylpiperazine and dexamphetamine on human performance tests
Bye, C., Munro-Faure, A. D., Peck, A. W., et al. (1973) · European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00558280 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Effects ofd-amphetamine and methylphenidate on hyperactivity produced by neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine treatment
Luthman, J., Fredriksson, A., Lewander, T., Jonsson, G., & Archer, T. (1989) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00589907 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Human information-processing: some effects of methylphenidate, age, and scopolamine.
Callaway, E. (1984) · PubMed · Cited by 100 · see citing works
The Go-No Go Test in Attention Deficit Disorder Is Sensitive to Methylphenidate
Trommer, B. L., Hoeppner, J. B., & Zecker, S. G. (1991) · Journal of Child Neurology · doi:10.1177/0883073891006001s13 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Outflow from the nucleus accumbens to the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus: A dissociation between locomotor activity and the acquisition of responding for conditioned reinforcement stimulated by d-amphetamine
Inglis, W. L., Dunbar, J. S., & Winn, P. (1994) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(94)90314-x · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Normalizing Effects of Methylphenidate on Hyperactive Children's Vigilance Performance and Evoked Potentials
Michael, R. L., Klorman, R., Salzman, L. F., Borgstedt, A. D., & Dainer, K. B. (1981) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1981.tb01841.x · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Attention Deficit Disorder and Methylphenidate: A Multilevel Analysis of Dose-Response Effects on Children's Impulsivity Across Settings
Rapport, M. D., Stoner, G. D., DuPaul, G. J., Kelly, K. L., Tucker, S. B., & SCHOELER, T. (1988) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-198801000-00010 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Lesions of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus block drug-induced reinforcement but not amphetamine-induced locomotion
Olmstead, M. C., & Franklin, K. B. J. (1994) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)90629-7 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Effects of methylphenidate on normal children's mood, event-related potentials, and performance in memory scanning and vigilance.
Peloquin, L. J., & Klorman, R. (1986) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.95.1.88 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
The effect of pre- and post-trial amphetamine injections on avoidance responses of rats
Evangelista, A. M., & Izquierdo, I. (1971) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00404057 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Effects of methylphenidate (ritalin) on paired-associate learning and porteus maze performance in emotionally disturbed children.
Conners, C. K., Eisenberg, L., & Sharpe, L. (1964) · Journal of Consulting Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0049224 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Psychostimulant effects on learning and cognitive function: Findings and implications for children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Rapport, M. D., & Kelly, K. L. (1991) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(91)90138-k · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Methylphenidate in 6-Hydroxydopamine-Treated Developing Rat Pups
Shaywitz, B. A. (1978) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1978.00500310065014 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Tricyclic Antidepressants in the Treatment of Children with Attention Deficit Disorder
Pliszka, S. R. (1987) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-198703000-00002 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Sustained Attention, Activation and MPH in ADHD: A Research Note
van der Meere, J., Shalev, R. S., Börger, N. A., & Gross‐Tsur, V. (1995) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb02323.x · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Methylphenidate and Desipramine in Hospitalized Children: I. Separate and Combined Effects on Cognitive Function
Rapport, M. D., Carlson, G. A., Kelly, K. L., & Pataki, C. S. (1993) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199303000-00014 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Effects of methylphenidate on young adults' performance and event-related potentials in a vigilance and a paired-associates learning test
Strauss, J., Lewis, J. L., Klorman, R., Peloquin, L., Perlmutter, R. A., & Salzman, L. F. (1984) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1984.tb00247.x · Cited by 90 · see citing works
The Additive Factor Method: A differential diagnostic tool in hyperactivity and learning disability
van der Meere, J., van Baal, M., & Sergeant, J. A. (1989) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/bf00915035 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Differential effects of clonidine, haloperidol, diazepam and tryptophan depletion on focused attention and attentional search
Coull, J. T., Sahakian, B. J., Middleton, H. C., Young, A. H., Park, S. B., McShane, R. H., Cowen, P. J., & Robbins, T. W. (1995) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02245633 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
A neuroanatomical and biochemical basis for attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity in children: A defect in tonic adrenaline mediated inhibition of locus coeruleus stimulation
Mefford, I. N., & Potter, W. Z. (1989) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/0306-9877(89)90164-3 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Fenfluramine and Dextroamphetamine Treatment of Childhood Hyperactivity
Donnelly, M. (1989) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810030011002 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Attaining and maintaining preparation: A comparison of attention in hyperactive, normal, and disturbed control children
Schachar, R. J., Logan, G. D., Wachsmuth, R., & Chajczyk, D. (1988) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/bf00914169 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Additive factor method applied to psychopathology with special reference to childhood hyperactivity
Sergeant, J. A., & van der Meere, J. (1990) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/0001-6918(90)90009-5 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Correlation of Behavioural Differences in Three Strains of Mice with Differences in Brain Amines
Kempf, E., Greilsamer, J., Mack, G., et al. (1974) · Nature · doi:10.1038/247483a0 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Treatment effects of oral and transdermal clonidine in relation to methylphenidate: an open pilot study in ADD-H.
Rd, H. (1987) · PubMed · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Differential expression of autoreceptors in the ascending dopamine systems of the human brain.
Meador‐Woodruff, J. H., Damask, S. P., & Watson, S. J. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.17.8297 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Are hyperactive children deficient in attentional capacity?
Schachar, R. J., & Logan, G. D. (1990) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/bf00911104 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Effects of continuous and partial reinforcement and methylphenidate on learning in children with attention deficit disorder.
Pelham, W. E., Milich, R. S., & Walker, J. L. (1986) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.95.4.319 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Effects of Methylphenidate on Adolescents With a Childhood History of Attention Deficit Disorder: I. Clinical Findings
Klorman, R., COONS, H. W., & Borgstedt, A. D. (1987) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-198705000-00015 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Methylphenidate and information processing. part 1: Differentiation between responders and nonresponders; part 2: Efficacy in responders
de Sonneville, L. M. J., Njiokiktjien, C., & Bos, H. (1994) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/01688639408402700 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Behavior-related activity of primate dopamine neurons.
Schultz, W. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Up-regulation of dopamine receptors in the brain of the spontaneously hypertensive rat: An autoradiographic analysis
Kirouac, G. J., & Ganguly, P. K. (1993) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(93)90188-l · Cited by 74 · see citing works
β2 Mediated inhibition of [3H]dopamine release from nucleus accumbens slices and monoamine levels in a rat model for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
de Villiers, A. S., Russell, V. A., Sagvolden, T., Searson, A., Jaffer, A., & Taljaard, J. J. F. (1995) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/bf00973098 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Naloxone blockade of amphetamine place preference conditioning
Trujillo, K. A., Belluzzi, J. D., & Stein, L. (1991) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02244190 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Classroom Academic Performance: Improvement with both Methylphenidate and Dextroamphetamine in ADHD Boys
Elia, J., Welsh, P. A., Gulotta, C. S., & RAPOPORT, J. L. (1993) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01071.x · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Effects of Presentation Rate of Stimuli on Response Inhibition in ADHD Children with and without Tics
van der Meere, J., Stemerdink, N., & Gunning, B. (1995) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1995.81.1.259 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Frequent reward eliminates differences in activity between hyperkinetic rats and controls
Sagvolden, T., Metzger, M. A., & Sagvolden, G. (1993) · Behavioral and Neural Biology · doi:10.1016/0163-1047(93)90986-r · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Does Methylphenidate Constrict Cognitive Functioning?
Solanto, M. V., & Wender, E. H. (1989) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-198911000-00014 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citation
A Dose‐Response and Time‐Action Analysis of Autonomic and Behavioral Effects of Methylphenidate in Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
Solanto, M. V., & Conners, C. K. (1982) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1982.tb02519.x · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effects of Methylphenidate on Adolescents With a Childhood History of Attention Deficit Disorder: II. Information Processing
COONS, H. W., Klorman, R., & Borgstedt, A. D. (1987) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-198705000-00016 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Disruptive effects of low doses of d-amphetamine on the ability of rats to organize behaviour into functional sequences
Ljungberg, T., & Enquist, M. (1987) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00179924 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
A comparison of the motor-activating effects of acute and chronic exposure to amphetamine and methylphenidate
McNamara, C., Davidson, E. S., & Schenk, S. (1993) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(93)90532-x · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Selective impairment of paired associate learning after administration of a centrally-acting adrenergic agonist (clonidine)
Frith, C., Dowdy, J., Ferrier, I. N., & Crow, T. J. (1985) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00432519 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Effects of caffeine, methamphetamine and methylphenidate on reactions to novelty and activity in rats
Hughes, R. (1976) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/0028-3908(76)90035-6 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Mathematics Underlying the Rate-Dependency Hypothesis
González, F., & Byrd, L. D. (1977) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.402028 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
A two-part model of stimulant action on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children
(1991) · The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1176/jnp.3.2.201 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Memory retrieval enhanced by amphetamine after a long retention interval
Sara, S. J., & Deweer, B. (1982) · Behavioral and Neural Biology · doi:10.1016/s0163-1047(82)90145-5 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Cognitive effects of milacemide and methylphenidate in healthy young adults
Camp, J. A., & Herting, R. L. (1994) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02244750 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Effortful and automatic memory
Newman, R. P., Weingartner, H., Smallberg, S. A., et al. (1984) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.34.6.805 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Different patterns of local brain energy metabolism associated with high and low doses of methylphenidate relevance to its action in hyperactive children
Porrino, L. J., & Lucignani, G. (1987) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(87)90223-x · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Methylphenidate and cognitive perseveration in hyperactive children
Tannock, R., & Schachar, R. (1992) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00940.x · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Short and long-term changes in dopamine and serotonin receptor binding sites in amphetamine-sensitized rats: a quantitative autoradiographic study
Bonhomme, N., Cador, M., Stinus, L., Moal, M. L., & Spampinato, U. (1995) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)00067-z · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Effects of Methylphenidate and Behavioral Contingencies on Sustained Attention in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Test of the Reward Dysfunction Hypothesis
SOLANTO, M. V., WENDER, E. H., & BARTELL, S. S. (1997) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.1997.7.123 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citation
Role of monoamine pathways in attention and effort: Effects of clonidine and methylphenidate in normal adult humans
Clark, C. R., Geffen, G. M., & Geffen, L. B. (1986) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00172868 · Cited by 58 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

ADHD: Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents
Subcommittee on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, S. C. O. Q. I. A. M. (2011) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2011-2654 · Cited by 2,185 · see citing works
Inhibition and impulsivity: behavioral and neural basis of response control
Bari, A., & Robbins, T. W. (2013) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.06.005 · Cited by 1,921 · see citing works
Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents
Wolraich, M. L., Hagan, J. F., Allan, C., Chan, E., Davison, D., Earls, M., Evans, S. W., Flinn, S. K., Froehlich, T., Frost, J., et al. (2019) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2019-2528 · Cited by 1,410 · see citing works
“147 Of note, children in the MTA study who received care in the community as usual, either from a clinician they chose or to whom their family had access, showed less bene ﬁ cial results compared with children who received optimal medication management.”
Dopamine and the regulation of cognition and attention
Nieoullon, A. (2002) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(02)00011-4 · Cited by 1,131 · see citing works
Candidate gene studies of ADHD: a meta-analytic review
Gizer, I. R., Ficks, C., & Waldman, I. D. (2009) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s00439-009-0694-x · Cited by 1,020 · see citing works
Anterior cingulate cortex dysfunction in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder revealed by fMRI and the counting stroop
Bush, G., Frazier, J. A., Rauch, S. L., Seidman, L. J., Whalen, P. J., Jenike, M. A., Rosen, B. R., & Biederman, J. (1999) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00083-9 · Cited by 866 · see citing works
Therapeutic doses of oral methylphenidate significantly increase extracellular dopamine in the human brain
Volkow, N. D., Wang, G.-J., Fowler, J. S., Logan, J., Gerasimov, M., Maynard, L., Ding, Y.-S., Gatley, S. J., Gifford, A., & Franceschi, D. (2001) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-02-j0001.2001 · Cited by 770 · see citing works
Functional neuroimaging of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a review and suggested future directions
Bush, G., Valera, E. M., & Seidman, L. J. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.01.034 · Cited by 714 · see citing works
Methylphenidate Preferentially Increases Catecholamine Neurotransmission within the Prefrontal Cortex at Low Doses that Enhance Cognitive Function
Berridge, C. W., Devilbiss, D. M., Andrzejewski, M. E., Arnsten, A. F. T., Kelley, A. E., Schmeichel, B., Hamilton, C., & Spencer, R. C. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.04.022 · Cited by 617 · see citing works
Etiologic subtypes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: brain imaging, molecular genetic and environmental factors and the dopamine hypothesis
Swanson, J. M., Kinsbourne, M., Nigg, J., Lanphear, B., Stefanatos, G. A., Volkow, N., Taylor, E., Casey, B. J., Castellanos, F. X., & Wadhwa, P. D. (2007) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-007-9019-9 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
The neuropsychopharmacology of action inhibition: cross-species translation of the stop-signal and go/no-go tasks
Eagle, D. M., Bari, A., & Robbins, T. W. (2008) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-008-1127-6 · Cited by 548 · see citing works
Rare structural variants found in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder are preferentially associated with neurodevelopmental genes
Elia, J., Gai, X., Xie, H. M., Perin, J. C., Geiger, E., Glessner, J. T., D'arcy, M., deBerardinis, R., Frackelton, E., Kim, C., et al. (2010) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2009.57 · Cited by 529 · see citing works
Behavioral validation of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) as an animal model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD)
Sagvolden, T. (2000) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(99)00058-5 · Cited by 525 · see citing works
Variables That Affect the Clinical Use and Abuse of Methylphenidate in the Treatment of ADHD
Volkow, N. D., & Swanson, J. M. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.11.1909 · Cited by 475 · see citing works
Revisiting the role of the prefrontal cortex in the pathophysiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Halperin, J. M., & Schulz, K. P. (2006) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.4.560 · Cited by 446 · see citing works
Rodent Models of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Sagvolden, T., Russell, V. A., Aase, H., Johansen, E. B., & Farshbaf, M. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.02.002 · Cited by 448 · see citing works
Mesocortical dopamine modulation of executive functions: beyond working memory
Floresco, S. B., & Magyar, O. (2006) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0404-5 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Acute administration of d-amphetamine decreases impulsivity in healthy volunteers
de Wit, H. (2002) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(02)00343-3 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
Locus coeruleus and regulation of behavioral flexibility and attention
(2000) · Progress in Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(00)26013-5 · Cited by 400 · see citing works
Fractionating Impulsivity: Contrasting Effects of Central 5-HT Depletion on Different Measures of Impulsive Behavior
Winstanley, C. A., Dalley, J. W., Theobald, D. E., & Robbins, T. W. (2004) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300434 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Imaging the effects of methylphenidate on brain dopamine: new model on its therapeutic actions for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Volkow, N. D., Wang, G.-J., Fowler, J. S., & Ding, Y.-S. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.006 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Similar effects of the selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor atomoxetine on three distinct forms of impulsivity in the rat
Robinson, E. S. J., Eagle, D. M., Mar, A. C., Bari, A., Banerjee, G., Jiang, X., Dalley, J. W., & Robbins, T. W. (2008) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301487 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Storebø, O. J., Ramstad, E., Krogh, H. B., Nilausen, T. D., Skoog, M., Holmskov, M., Rosendal, S., Groth, C., Magnusson, F. L., Moreira-Maia, C. R., et al. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009885.pub2 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Brain imaging of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
GIEDD, J. N., BLUMENTHAL, J., MOLLOY, E., & CASTELLANOS, F. X. (2001) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05772.x · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Effects of dopaminergic drugs on delayed reward as a measure of impulsive behavior in rats
de Wit, H., Wade, T. R., & Richards, J. B. (2000) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130000402 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
DOPA Decarboxylase Activity in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Adults. A [Fluorine-18]Fluorodopa Positron Emission Tomographic Study
Ernst, M., Zametkin, A. J., Matochik, J. A., Jons, P. H., & Cohen, R. M. (1998) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-15-05901.1998 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Relationship between blockade of dopamine transporters by oral methylphenidate and the increases in extracellular dopamine: therapeutic implications
Volkow, N. D., Wang, G., Fowler, J. S., Logan, J., Franceschi, D., Maynard, L., Ding, Y., Gatley, S. J., Gifford, A., Zhu, W., et al. (2002) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.10038 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Modafinil improves cognition and response inhibition in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Turner, D. C., Clark, L., Dowson, J., Robbins, T. W., & Sahakian, B. J. (2004) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.02.008 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Cardiovascular Monitoring of Children and Adolescents With Heart Disease Receiving Medications for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young Congenital Cardiac Defects Committee and the Council on Cardiovascular Nursing
Vetter, V. L., Elia, J., Erickson, C., Berger, S., Blum, N., Uzark, K., & Webb, C. L. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.107.189473 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
The neuropsychopharmacology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Pliszka, S. R. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.08.026 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder children with a 7-repeat allele of the dopamine receptor D4 gene have extreme behavior but normal performance on critical neuropsychological tests of attention
Swanson, J., Oosterlaan, J., Murias, M., Schuck, S., Flodman, P., Spence, M. A., Wasdell, M., Ding, Y., Chi, H.-C., Smith, M., et al. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.080070897 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Stimulant medications
GREENHILL, L. L., HALPERIN, J. M., & ABIKOFF, H. (1999) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199905000-00011 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Dopamine, Time, and Impulsivity in Humans
Pine, A., Shiner, T., Seymour, B., & Dolan, R. J. (2010) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.6028-09.2010 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Enhanced reactivity and vulnerability to cocaine following methylphenidate treatment in adolescent rats
Brandon, C. (2001) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(01)00281-0 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Understanding the Effects of Stimulant Medications on Cognition in Individuals with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Decade of Progress
Swanson, J., Baler, R. D., & Volkow, N. D. (2011) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2010.160 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Molecular genetics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an overview
Banaschewski, T., Becker, K., Scherag, S., Franke, B., & Coghill, D. (2010) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-010-0090-z · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Reduced midbrain dopamine transporter binding in male adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Association between striatal dopamine markers and motor hyperactivity
Jucaite, A., Fernell, E., Halldin, C., Forssberg, H., & Farde, L. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.009 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Clinically Relevant Doses of Methylphenidate Significantly Occupy Norepinephrine Transporters in Humans In Vivo
Hannestad, J., Gallezot, J.-D., Planeta-Wilson, B., Lin, S.-F., Williams, W. A., van Dyck, C. H., Malison, R. T., Carson, R. E., & Ding, Y.-S. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.06.017 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Effects of methamphetamine on the adjusting amount procedure, a model of impulsive behavior in rats
Richards, J. B., Sabol, K. E., & de Wit, H. (1999) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/pl00005488 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Functional magnetic resonance imaging of methylphenidate and placebo in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder during the multi-source interference task
Bush, G., Spencer, T. J., Holmes, J., Shin, L. M., Valera, E. M., Seidman, L. J., Makris, N., Surman, C., Aleardi, M., Mick, E., et al. (2008) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2007.16 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) behaviour explained by dysfunctioning reinforcement and extinction processes
Johansen, E. B., Aase, H., Meyer, A., & Sagvolden, T. (2002) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(01)00434-x · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Efficacy of Methylphenidate for Adults with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Meta-Regression Analysis
Castells, X., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., Rigau, D., Bosch, R., Nogueira, M., Vidal, X., & Casas, M. (2011) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/11539440-000000000-00000 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
The neurobiological basis of ADHD
Curatolo, P., D'Agati, E., & Moavero, R. (2010) · Italian Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/1824-7288-36-79 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Stimulants and the developing brain
Andersen, S. L. (2005) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2005.03.009 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Motor Timing Deficits in Community and Clinical Boys with Hyperactive Behavior: The Effect of Methylphenidate on Motor Timing
Rubia, K., Noorloos, J., Smith, A., Gunning, B., & Sergeant, J. (2003) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1023/a:1023233630774 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
The Cognition-Enhancing Effects of Psychostimulants Involve Direct Action in the Prefrontal Cortex
Spencer, R. C., Devilbiss, D. M., & Berridge, C. W. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.09.013 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Mixed Amphetamine Salts Extended-Release in the Treatment of Adult ADHD: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Weisler, R. H., Biederman, J., Spencer, T. J., Wilens, T. E., Faraone, S. V., Chrisman, A. K., Read, S. C., & Tulloch, S. J. (2006) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852900013687 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Treatment Strategies for Co-Occurring ADHD and Substance Use Disorders
Mariani, J. J., & Levin, F. R. (2007) · The American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1080/10550490601082783 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Dopamine Transporters in Striatum Correlate with Deactivation in the Default Mode Network during Visuospatial Attention
Tomasi, D., Volkow, N. D., Wang, R., Telang, F., Wang, G.-J., Chang, L., Ernst, T., & Fowler, J. S. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006102 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Early Methylphenidate Administration to Young Rats Causes a Persistent Reduction in the Density of Striatal Dopamine Transporters
Moll, G. H., Hause, S., Rüther, E., Rothenberger, A., & Huether, G. (2001) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/104454601750143366 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Methylphenidate Improves Visual-Spatial Memory in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Bedard, A.-C., Martinussen, R., Ickowicz, A., & Tannock, R. (2004) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200403000-00006 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Role of the dopamine transporter in the action of psychostimulants, nicotine, and other drugs of abuse
Zhu, J., & Reith, M. (2008) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/187152708786927877 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Methylphenidate-evoked changes in striatal dopamine correlate with inattention and impulsivity in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Rosa-Neto, P., Lou, H. C., Cumming, P., Pryds, O., Karrebaek, H., Lunding, J., & Gjedde, A. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.11.031 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Neurocognitive effects of methylphenidate in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Turner, D. C., Blackwell, A. D., Dowson, J. H., McLean, A., & Sahakian, B. J. (2005) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-004-1993-5 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Is the Theta/Beta EEG Marker for ADHD Inherently Flawed?
Saad, J. F., Kohn, M. R., Clarke, S., Lagopoulos, J., & Hermens, D. F. (2018) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054715578270 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
A positron emission tomography study of nigro-striatal dopaminergic mechanisms underlying attention: implications for ADHD and its treatment
del Campo, N., Fryer, T. D., Hong, Y. T., Smith, R., Brichard, L., Acosta-Cabronero, J., Chamberlain, S. R., Tait, R., Izquierdo, D., Regenthal, R., et al. (2013) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awt263 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Cogmed WM training: Reviewing the reviews
Shinaver, C. S., Entwistle, P. C., & Söderqvist, S. (2014) · Applied Neuropsychology Child · doi:10.1080/21622965.2013.875314 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Acute neuropsychological effects of methylphenidate in stimulant drug‐naïve boys with ADHD II – broader executive and non‐executive domains
Rhodes, S. M., Coghill, D. R., & Matthews, K. (2006) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01633.x · Cited by 112 · see citing works
A 13-hour laboratory school study of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in school-aged children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
the 311 Study Group, Wigal, S. B., Kollins, S. H., Childress, A. C., & Squires, L. (2009) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/1753-2000-3-17 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
A Comprehensive In Vitro Screening of d-, l- , and dl-threo -Methylphenidate: An Exploratory Study
Markowitz, J. S., DeVane, C. L., Pestreich, L. K., Patrick, K. S., & Muniz, R. (2006) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2006.16.687 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
The contribution of comparative studies in inbred strains of mice to the understanding of the hyperactive phenotype
Cabib, S., Puglisi-Allegra, S., & Ventura, R. (2002) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(01)00422-3 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Association analysis of monoamine oxidase A and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Lawson, D. C., Turic, D., Langley, K., Pay, H. M., Govan, C. F., Norton, N., Hamshere, M. L., Owen, M. J., O'Donovan, M. C., & Thapar, A. (2003) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.10002 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Adolescent exposure to methylphenidate alters the activity of rat midbrain dopamine neurons
Brandon, C. L., Marinelli, M., & White, F. J. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00787-x · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Effects of methylphenidate on working memory functioning in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Kobel, M., Bechtel, N., Weber, P., Specht, K., Klarhöfer, M., Scheffler, K., Opwis, K., & Penner, I.-K. (2009) · European Journal of Paediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.ejpn.2008.10.008 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Altered midbrain dopaminergic neurotransmission during development in an animal model of ADHD
Leo, D., Sorrentino, E., Volpicelli, F., Eyman, M., Greco, D., Viggiano, D., di Porzio, U., & Perrone-Capano, C. (2003) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2003.08.009 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Methylphenidate Increases Cortical Excitability via Activation of Alpha-2 Noradrenergic Receptors
Andrews, G. D., & Lavin, A. (2006) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300818 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
The cognitive genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Sustained attention as a candidate phenotype
Bellgrove, M. A., Hawi, Z., Gill, M., & Robertson, I. H. (2006) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70426-x · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Effects of chronic oral methylphenidate on cocaine self-administration and striatal dopamine D2 receptors in rodents
Thanos, P. K., Michaelides, M., Benveniste, H., Wang, G. J., & Volkow, N. D. (2007) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2007.05.020 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Catecholamine response to exercise in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Wigal, S. B., Nemet, D., Swanson, J. M., Regino, R., Trampush, J., Ziegler, M. G., & Cooper, D. M. (2003) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1203/01.pdr.0000061750.71168.23 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Sport participation and anxiety in children with ADHD
Kiluk, B. D., Weden, S., & Culotta, V. P. (2009) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054708320400 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Methylphenidate facilitates learning-induced amygdala plasticity
Tye, K. M., Tye, L. D., Cone, J. J., Hekkelman, E. F., Janak, P. H., & Bonci, A. (2010) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2506 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Genetics of Childhood Disorders: XXIV. ADHD, Part 8: Hyperdopaminergic Mice as an Animal Model of ADHD
GAINETDINOV, R. R., & CARON, M. G. (2001) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200103000-00020 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Psychopharmacology: concepts and opinions about the use of stimulant medications
Swanson, J. M., & Volkow, N. D. (2009) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02062.x · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Molecular Characterisation of the Mechanism of Action of Stimulant Drugs Lisdexamfetamine and Methylphenidate on ADHD Neurobiology: A Review
Quintero, J., Gutiérrez-Casares, J. R., & Álamo, C. (2022) · Neurology and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40120-022-00392-2 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“The modulation of LDX involves dopaminergic and adrenergic neurotransmission, inducing upregulation of ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C, DRD1 and DRD5 [155, 158, 159], and immunomodulation by modulating several interleukins, mainly IL-4 and IL-10 that present an anti-inflammatory profile [160].”
Background
The psychostimulant d-threo-(R,R)-methylphenidate binds as an agonist to the 5HT1A receptor
Markowitz, J. S., Markowitz, J. S., DeVane, C. L., Ramamoorthy, S., Zhu, H.-J., & Zhu, H.-J. (2009) · Die Pharmazie · doi:10.31083/ph.2009.8691 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Study of the Catechol‐O‐Methyltransferase (COMT) Gene with High Aggression in Children
Hirata, Y., Zai, C. C., Nowrouzi, B., Beitchman, J. H., & Kennedy, J. L. (2013) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.21448 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
MAOA promoter polymorphism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in indian children
Das, M., Das Bhowmik, A., Sinha, S., Chattopadhyay, A., Chaudhuri, K., Singh, M., & Mukhopadhyay, K. (2006) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30385 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Dissociation in response to methylphenidate on response variability in a group of medication naïve children with ADHD
Johnson, K. A., Barry, E., Bellgrove, M. A., Cox, M., Kelly, S. P., Dáibhis, A., Daly, M., Keavey, M., Watchorn, A., Fitzgerald, M., et al. (2008) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.01.002 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
The Dopamine D4 Receptor Gene and Moderation of the Association Between Externalizing Behavior and IQ
DeYoung, C. G., Peterson, J. B., Séguin, J. R., Mejia, J. M., Pihl, R. O., Beitchman, J. H., Jain, U., Tremblay, R. E., Kennedy, J. L., & Palmour, R. M. (2006) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.12.1410 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Neuropsychological correlates of ADHD symptoms in preschoolers.
Marks, D. J., Berwid, O. G., Santra, A., Kera, E. C., Cyrulnik, S. E., & Halperin, J. M. (2005) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.19.4.446 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Methylphenidate improves motor functions in children diagnosed with Hyperkinetic Disorder
Stray, L., Stray, T., Iversen, S., Ruud, A., & Ellertsen, B. (2009) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-5-21 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Stimulant Drug Effects on Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Review of the Effects of Age and Sex of Patients
Cornforth, C., Sonuga-Barke, E., & Coghill, D. (2010) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/138161210791959827 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
The efficacy and safety profile of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, a prodrug of d-amphetamine, for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adults
Najib, J. (2009) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2009.01.015 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate: the first long-acting prodrug stimulant treatment for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Faraone, S. V. (2008) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.9.9.1565 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Amphetamine-induced release of dopamine in primate prefrontal cortex and striatum: striking differences in magnitude and timecourse
Jedema, H. P., Narendran, R., & Bradberry, C. W. (2014) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.12743 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Decision making: effects of methylphenidate on temporal discounting in nonhuman primates
Rajala, A. Z., Jenison, R. L., & Populin, L. C. (2015) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00278.2015 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate: A New Therapeutic Option for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Steer, C., Froelich, J., Soutullo, C. A., Johnson, M., & Shaw, M. (2012) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/11634340-000000000-00000 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Dissociative effects of methylphenidate in nonhuman primates: trade-offs between cognitive and behavioral performance
Rajala, A. Z., Henriques, J. B., & Populin, L. C. (2012) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00225 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Methylphenidate improves some but not all measures of ATTENTION, as measured by the TEA-Ch in medication-naïve children with ADHD
Paton, K., Hammond, P., Barry, E., Fitzgerald, M., McNicholas, F., Kirley, A., Robertson, I. H., Bellgrove, M. A., Gill, M., & Johnson, K. A. (2014) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297049.2013.790358 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Efficacy of Reboxetine in the Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Boys With Intolerance to Methylphenidate: An Open-Label, 8-Week, Methylphenidate-Controlled Trial
Cohen-Yavin, I., Yoran-Hegesh, R., Strous, R. D., Kotler, M., Weizman, A., & Spivak, B. (2009) · Clinical Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1097/wnf.0b013e318183796d · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Modulation of Attention and Stress with Arousal: The Mental and Physical Effects of Riding a Motorcycle
Vaughn, D. A., Maggiora, M. B., Vaughn, K. J., Maggiora, C. J., Tavakoli, A.-V., Liang, W., Zava, D., Cohen, M. S., & Lenartowicz, A. (2021) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147203 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Glutaminergic signaling in the caudate nucleus is required for behavioral sensitization to methylphenidate
King, N., Floren, S., Kharas, N., Thomas, M., & Dafny, N. (2019) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2019.172737 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Review of Cardiovascular Effects of ADHD Medications
Levin, C. J., Goodman, D. W., & Adler, L. A. (2018) · Psychiatric Annals · doi:10.3928/00485713-20180612-01 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Comparison of the effects of chlorpromazine, dextroamphetamine and methylphenidate on the behaviour and intellectual functioning of hyperactive children.
Weiss, G., MINDE, K. K., Douglas, V. I., WERRY, J. S., & Sykes, D. H. (1971) · PubMed Central · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Dextroamphetamine and Methylphenidate in the Treatment of Hyperactive/Aggressive Children
Winsberg, B. G., Press, M., Bialer, I., & Kupietz, S. S. (1974) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.53.2.236 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
A comparison of the motor-activating effects of acute and chronic exposure to amphetamine and methylphenidate
McNamara, C., Davidson, E. S., & Schenk, S. (1993) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(93)90532-x · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Amphetamine Use in the Elderly: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Sassi, K. L. M., Rocha, N. P., Colpo, G. D., John, V. P., & Teixeira, A. L. (2019) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x17666191010093021 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Amphetamine and methylphenidate psychosis
Davis, J. M., & Janowsky, D. S. (1974) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0006-2952(74)90138-5 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Authors: Solanto, M. V.
Affiliations: Long Island Jewish Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author: Solanto, Mary V
ORCID: Solanto, Mary V
Venue: Behavioural Brain Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1998-07
Volume: 94
Issue: 1
Pages: 127-152
ISSN: 0166-4328 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0166-4328(97)00175-7
OpenAlex: W2098677721
Semantic Scholar: e90307547cfdc0caeea1fa7792a0985f5f82a807
Cited by: 677
References: 294
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 38
FWCI: 15.25
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Behavioural Brain Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, psychostimulants, d-amphetamine, methylphenidate, dopaminergic system, noradrenergic system, nucleus accumbens, locus coeruleus, prefrontal cortex, working memory, rate-dependent effects, locomotor activity, reinforcement processes, compensatory mechanisms
MeSH terms: Adult, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Animals, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain, Child, Dextroamphetamine, Humans, Methylphenidate

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Neuropsychopharmacological mechanisms of stimulant drug action in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a review and integration

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks