Cited by 252Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorGenetic Associations and Epidemiology

Molecular genetics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an overview

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Banaschewski, Tobias, Becker, Katja, Scherag, Susann, Franke, Barbara, Coghill, David·2010·European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

Abstract

As heritability is high in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), genetic factors must play a significant role in the development and course of this disorder. In recent years a large number of studies on different candidate genes for ADHD have been published, most have focused on genes involved in the dopaminergic neurotransmission system, such as DRD4, DRD5, DAT1/SLC6A3, DBH, DDC. Genes associated with the noradrenergic (such as NET1/SLC6A2, ADRA2A, ADRA2C) and serotonergic systems (such as 5-HTT/SLC6A4, HTR1B, HTR2A, TPH2) have also received considerable interest. Additional candidate genes related to neurotransmission and neuronal plasticity that have been studied less intensively include SNAP25, CHRNA4, NMDA, BDNF, NGF, NTF3, NTF4/5, GDNF. This review article provides an overview of these candidate gene studies, and summarizes findings from recently published genome-wide association studies (GWAS). GWAS is a relatively new tool that enables the identification of new ADHD genes in a hypothesis-free manner. Although these latter studies could be improved and need to be replicated they are starting to implicate processes like neuronal migration and cell adhesion and cell division as potentially important in the aetiology of ADHD and have suggested several new directions for future ADHD genetics studies.

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  • In ADHD, DRD2 polymorphisms and methylation status are linked to impulsivity and dopaminergic dysfunction.

    “In ADHD, DRD2 polymorphisms and methylation status are linked to impulsivity and dopaminergic dysfunction”

    From The clinical use of epigenetics in psychiatry: a narrative review of epigenetic mechanisms, key candidate genes, and precision psychiatry (2025) · cites this paper as [119]

    The Candidate gene approaches > Dopaminergic system section reports a proposed association between DRD2 SNPs and ADHD-related CPT phenotypes, but says findings for DRD2 are inconsistent. It does not link DRD2 polymorphisms specifically to impulsivity or dopaminergic dysfunction, and the searched passages do not discuss DRD2 methylation status. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.87)

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Authors
Banaschewski, T., Becker, K., Scherag, S., Franke, B., & Coghill, D.
Affiliations
  • Central Institute of Mental Health (DE)
  • Philipps University of Marburg (DE)
  • Essen University Hospital (DE)
  • Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
  • University of Dundee (GB)
Corresponding author
Banaschewski, Tobias
Venue
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Published
2010-02-10
Volume
19
Issue
3
Pages
237-257
ISSN
  • 1018-8827 (ISSN-L)
  • 1435-165X
OpenAlex
W2124674986
Cited by
252
References
201
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 37
FWCI
4.35
Type
journal article
Language
en
Update notices
erratum (2010-04-28)
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc
Locations
  • European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Discovery Research Portal (University of Dundee) (publishedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Social Science Open Access Repository (GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences) (submittedVersion)
  • Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
  • Trinity's Access to Research Output (TARA) (Trinity College Dublin) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Eli Lilly and Company
  • Pfizer
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
  • Cilag
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
Keywords
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD genetics, candidate genes, dopamine signaling, noradrenergic system, serotonergic system, neurotransmitter transporters, SNAP-25, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, genome-wide association study, neuronal migration, cell adhesion, cell division, heritability
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Cell Division, Child, Genetic Markers, Humans, Phenotype, Neurotransmitter Agents, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Malformations of Cortical Development, Group II, Genome-Wide Association Study

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