Hierarchical clustering of brain activity during human nonrapid eye movement sleep
Open accessAbstract
Consciousness is reduced during nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep due to changes in brain function that are still poorly understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that impaired consciousness during NREM sleep is associated with an increased modularity of brain activity. Cerebral connectivity was quantified in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging times series acquired in 13 healthy volunteers during wakefulness and NREM sleep. The analysis revealed a modification of the hierarchical organization of large-scale networks into smaller independent modules during NREM sleep, independently from EEG markers of the slow oscillation. Such modifications in brain connectivity, possibly driven by sleep ultraslow oscillations, could hinder the brain's ability to integrate information and account for decreased consciousness during NREM sleep.
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fMRI studies measuring BOLD signals have demonstrated widespread hemodynamic alterations during NREM sleep.
“In addition, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies measuring blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signals have demonstrated widespread hemodynamic alterations during NREM sleep (9-15).”
From Coupled electrophysiological, hemodynamic, and cerebrospinal fluid oscillations in human sleep (2019) · cites this paper as [12]
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- Authors
- Boly, M., Perlbarg, V., Marrelec, G., Schabus, M., Laureys, S., Doyon, J., Pélégrini-Issac, M., Maquet, P., & Benali, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Liège (BE)
- Inserm (FR)
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Montreal Geriatrics Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada H3W 1W5
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale–Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S 678, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle, 75634 Cedex 13 Paris, France; and
- Corresponding author
- Maquet, Pierre
- ORCID
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2012-03-26
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 5856-5861
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC3326471
- OpenAlex
- W2149745827
- Cited by
- 204
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 9.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Liège) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Sleep Research Society
- Austrian Science Fund (J 2470)
- Université de Liège
- Fondation Médicale Reine Elisabeth
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- NREM sleep, consciousness, brain connectivity, hierarchical clustering, network modularity, large-scale brain networks, resting-state functional connectivity, slow oscillations, information integration, wakefulness
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Brain, Female, Humans, Male, Nerve Net, Sleep, REM, Wakefulness, Cluster Analysis, Young Adult
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