Cortical network functional connectivity in the descent to sleep
Open accessAbstract
Descent into sleep is accompanied by disengagement of the conscious brain from the external world. It follows that this process should be associated with reduced neural activity in regions of the brain known to mediate interaction with the environment. We examined blood oxygen dependent (BOLD) signal functional connectivity using conventional seed-based analyses in 3 primary sensory and 3 association networks as normal young adults transitioned from wakefulness to light sleep while lying immobile in the bore of a magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Functional connectivity was maintained in each network throughout all examined states of arousal. Indeed, correlations within the dorsal attention network modestly but significantly increased during light sleep compared to wakefulness. Moreover, our data suggest that neuronally mediated BOLD signal variance generally increases in light sleep. These results do not support the view that ongoing BOLD fluctuations primarily reflect unconstrained cognition. Rather, accumulating evidence supports the hypothesis that spontaneous BOLD fluctuations reflect processes that maintain the integrity of functional systems in the brain.
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fMRI studies measuring BOLD signals have demonstrated widespread hemodynamic alterations during NREM sleep.
“In addition, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies measuring blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signals have demonstrated widespread hemodynamic alterations during NREM sleep (9-15).”
From Coupled electrophysiological, hemodynamic, and cerebrospinal fluid oscillations in human sleep (2019) · cites this paper as [15]
The Results report increased whole-brain BOLD signal variance during sleep and generally increased variance in cognitive-system regions during light NREM sleep. But the regional changes were not statistically significant, and the Discussion describes them as small; the paper therefore does not establish widespread hemodynamic alterations across NREM sleep as broadly as the claim suggests. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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- Authors
- Larson-Prior, L. J., Zempel, J. M., Nolan, T. S., Prior, F. W., Snyder, A. Z., & Raichle, M. E.
- Affiliations
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4525 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110;
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Raichle, Marcus E.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2009-03-17
- Volume
- 106
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 4489-4494
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC2657465
- OpenAlex
- W2054256297
- Cited by
- 450
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 13.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-006833, P50NS006833)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- light sleep, functional connectivity, dorsal attention network, association networks, spontaneous neural fluctuations, arousal, wakefulness, sleep onset
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Nerve Net, Oxygen, Sleep, Wakefulness, Young Adult
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