Cited by 755Epigenetics and DNA MethylationBirth, Development, and HealthSperm and Testicular Function

Transgenerational epigenetic programming via sperm microRNA recapitulates effects of paternal stress

Open access
Rodgers, Ali B., Morgan, Christopher P., Leu, N. Adrian, Bale, Tracy L.·2015·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Abstract

Significance: Studies examining paternal exposure to diverse environmental stimuli propose that epigenetic marks in germ cells, including small noncoding RNAs such as microRNA (miR), transmit experience-dependent information from parent to offspring. However, these nongenetic mechanisms of transgenerational inheritance are poorly understood, specifically how these germ-cell marks may act postfertilization to enact long-term changes in offspring behavior or physiology. In this study, through zygote microinjection of nine specific sperm miRs previously identified in our paternal stress mouse model, we demonstrate that sperm miRs function to reduce maternal mRNA stores in early zygotes, ultimately reprogramming gene expression in the offspring hypothalamus and recapitulating the offspring stress dysregulation phenotype.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1073/pnas.1508347112

Cites

48 of 48 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Studies of environmentally driven histone modifications and long noncoding RNAs have almost exclusively been done in animal models, with a few exceptions in human cohorts.

    “This has almost exclusively been done in animal models, 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 with a few exceptions of studies in human cohorts. 67”

    From Epigenetics and depression (2019) · cites this paper as [64]

    The Abstract describes a mouse model of paternal stress, supporting this paper as an example of animal-model research on environmentally responsive epigenetic marks. The study tests sperm microRNAs, not long noncoding RNAs or histone modifications; its Discussion mentions histone modifications only as background. It does not establish that this research has been done almost exclusively in animals. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • A few studies have shown environmentally driven changes in the epigenetic landscape via histone modifications and long noncoding RNAs.

    “Nonetheless, a few studies have shown environmentally driven changes of the epigenetic landscape in other ways, such as via histone modifications and long noncoding RNAs.”

    From Epigenetics and depression (2019) · cites this paper as [64]

    The Discussion (page unavailable) reports environmentally associated changes in sperm epigenetic marks, including histone modifications. It discusses small noncoding RNAs, particularly microRNAs, but does not support the claim about long noncoding RNAs. (LLM, conf=0.87)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • A mechanistic role for sperm microRNAs in the transgenerational transmission of stress reactivity to the offspring has been demonstrated.

    “and a mechanistic role for sperm microRNAs in the transgenerational transmission of stress reactivity to the offspring has also been demonstrated [70].”
  • Animal studies provide compelling evidence for the transgenerational transmission and inheritance of environmentally acquired risk factors across generations via the germline, with epigenetic mechanisms strongly implicated.

    “They provide some compelling evidence for the transgenerational transmission and inheritance of environmentally acquired risk factors across generations via the germline [69], with epigenetic mechanisms strongly implicated [70].”

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Rodgers, A. B., Morgan, C. P., Leu, N. A., & Bale, T. L.
Affiliations
University of Pennsylvania (US)
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Published
2015-10-19
Volume
112
Issue
44
Pages
13699-13704
ISSN
  • 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
  • 1091-6490
OpenAlex
W1949928978
Cited by
751
References
48
Citations by year
2026: 50 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 74 · 2022: 69 · 2021: 70 · 2020: 81 · 2019: 67 · 2018: 107 · 2017: 72 · 2016: 61 · 2015: 3
FWCI
35.19
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
HHS | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (MH073030, MH091258, MH087597, MH099910, MH104184)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
Keywords
sperm microRNA, paternal stress, chronic stress, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, zygote microinjection, blood-brain barrier permeability, extracellular matrix, collagen, maternal mRNA degradation, SIRT1, chromatin remodeling, germ cells, single-cell transcriptomics
MeSH terms
Animals, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Spermatozoa, Stress, Physiological, Paternal Exposure, MicroRNAs, Epigenesis, Genetic, Mice, Transcriptome

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review