CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 195

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Bronze Age population dynamics and the rise of dairy pastoralism on the eastern Eurasian steppe

Jeong, Choongwon, Wilkin, Shevan, Amgalantugs, Tsend, Bouwman, Abigail S., Taylor, William Timothy Treal, Hagan, Richard W., Bromage, Sabri, Tsolmon, Soninkhishig, Trachsel, Christian, Grossmann, Jonas, Littleton, Judith, Makarewicz, Cheryl A., Krigbaum, John, Burri, Marta, Scott, Ashley, Davaasambuu, Ganmaa, Wright, Joshua, Irmer, Franziska, Myagmar, Erdene, Boivin, Nicole, Robbeets, Martine, Rühli, Frank J., Krause, Johannes, Frohlich, Bruno, Hendy, Jessica, Warinner, Christina·2018·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
DOI 10.1073/pnas.1813608115PMC PMC6275519
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Recent paleogenomic studies have shown that migrations of Western steppe herders (WSH) beginning in the Eneolithic (ca. 3300–2700 BCE) profoundly transformed the genes and cultures of Europe and central Asia. Compared with Europe, however, the eastern extent of this WSH expansion is not well defined. Here we present genomic and proteomic data from 22 directly dated Late Bronze Age burials putatively associated with early pastoralism in northern Mongolia (ca. 1380–975 BCE). Genome-wide analysis reveals that they are largely descended from a population represented by Early Bronze Age hunter-gatherers in the Baikal region, with only a limited contribution (∼7%) of WSH ancestry. At the same time, however, mass spectrometry analysis of dental calculus provides direct protein evidence of bovine, sheep, and goat milk consumption in seven of nine individuals. No individuals showed molecular evidence of lactase persistence, and only one individual exhibited evidence of >10% WSH ancestry, despite the presence of WSH populations in the nearby Altai-Sayan region for more than a millennium. Unlike the spread of Neolithic farming in Europe and the expansion of Bronze Age pastoralism on the Western steppe, our results indicate that ruminant dairy pastoralism was adopted on the Eastern steppe by local hunter-gatherers through a process of cultural transmission and minimal genetic exchange with outside groups.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1073/pnas.1813608115

Cites

24 of 24 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Ancient protein analysis has been particularly informative in exploring past patterns of dairy consumption.

    “Where this technique has been particularly informative is in exploring past patterns of dairy consumption (108–112).”

    From Ancient protein analysis in archaeology (2021) · cites this paper as [109]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 43

  1. P de Barros Damgaard, , The first horse herders and the impact of early Bronze Age steppe expansions into Asia. Science 360, eaar7711 (2018). · DOI
  2. I Olalde, , The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe. Nature 555, 190–196 (2018). · DOI · Paper page
  3. G Eregzen Ancient Funeral Monuments of Mongolia (Mongolian National Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, 2016).
  4. A Sherratt, The secondary exploitation of animals in the Old World. World Archaeol 15, 90–104 (1983). · DOI
  5. AK Outram, , Patterns of pastoralism in later Bronze Age Kazakhstan: New evidence from faunal and lipid residue analyses. J Archaeol Sci 39, 2424–2435 (2012). · DOI
  6. AK Outram, , The earliest horse harnessing and milking. Science 323, 1332–1335 (2009). · DOI
  7. Y Cui, C Li, S Gao, C Xie, H Zhou, Early Eurasian migration traces in the Tarim Basin revealed by mtDNA polymorphisms. Am J Phys Anthropol 142, 558–564 (2010). · DOI
  8. C Li, , Evidence that a west-east admixed population lived in the Tarim Basin as early as the early Bronze Age. BMC Biol 8, 15 (2010). · DOI
  9. M Xie, , Identification of a dairy product in the grass woven basket from Gumugou Cemetery (3800 BP, northwestern China). Quat Int 426, 158–165 (2016). · DOI · Paper page
  10. Y Yang, , Proteomics evidence for kefir dairy in Early Bronze Age China. J Archaeol Sci 45, 178–186 (2014). · DOI · Paper page
  11. WW Fitzhugh, J Bayarsaikhan American-Mongolian Deer Stone Project: Field Report 2007 (The Arctic Studies Center, Washington, DC, 2008).
  12. L Broderick, J Houle, O Seitsonen, J Bayarsaikhan The Mystery of the Missing Caprines: Stone Circles at the Great Khirigsuur, Khanuy Valley (Mongolian Academy of Sciences Ulaanbaatar, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, 2014).
  13. W Fitzhugh, The Mongolian deer stone-khirigsuur complex: Dating and organization of a Late Bronze Age menagerie. Current Archaeological Research in Mongolia, eds J Bemmann, H Parzinger, E Pohl, D Tseveendorj (Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat, Bonn, Germany), pp. 183–199 (2009).
  14. J-L Houle Emergent Complexity on the Mongolian Steppe: Mobility, Territoriality, and the Development of Early Nomadic Polities (Univ of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 2010).
  15. PB Damgaard, , 137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppes. Nature 557, 369–374 (2018). · DOI
  16. V Siska, , Genome-wide data from two early Neolithic East Asian individuals dating to 7700 years ago. Sci Adv 3, e1601877 (2017). · DOI
  17. DH Alexander, J Novembre, K Lange, Fast model-based estimation of ancestry in unrelated individuals. Genome Res 19, 1655–1664 (2009). · DOI · Paper page
  18. SV Svyatko, , New radiocarbon dates and a review of the chronology of prehistoric populations from the Minusinsk Basin, southern Siberia, Russia. Radiocarbon 51, 243–273 (2009). · DOI
  19. C Warinner, , Direct evidence of milk consumption from ancient human dental calculus. Sci Rep 4, 7104 (2014). · DOI · Paper page
  20. C Warinner, , Pathogens and host immunity in the ancient human oral cavity. Nat Genet 46, 336–344 (2014). · DOI · Paper page
  21. SL Bislev, , A Bovine PeptideAtlas of milk and mammary gland proteomes. Proteomics 12, 2895–2899 (2012). · DOI
  22. E Heyer, , Lactase persistence in central Asia: Phenotype, genotype, and evolution. Hum Biol 83, 379–392 (2011). · DOI
  23. A Liebert, , World-wide distributions of lactase persistence alleles and the complex effects of recombination and selection. Hum Genet 136, 1445–1453 (2017). · DOI
  24. L Ségurel, C Bon, On the evolution of lactase persistence in humans. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 18, 297–319 (2017). · DOI
  25. W Liu, , Unique features of ethnic Mongolian gut microbiome revealed by metagenomic analysis. Sci Rep 6, 34826 (2016). · DOI
  26. A Peltzer, , EAGER: Efficient ancient genome reconstruction. Genome Biol 17, 60 (2016). · DOI · Paper page
  27. H Li, R Durbin, Fast and accurate short read alignment with Burrows-Wheeler transform. Bioinformatics 25, 1754–1760 (2009). · DOI · Paper page
  28. G Jun, MK Wing, GR Abecasis, HM Kang, An efficient and scalable analysis framework for variant extraction and refinement from population-scale DNA sequence data. Genome Res 25, 918–925 (2015). · DOI
  29. H Weissensteiner, , HaploGrep 2: Mitochondrial haplogroup classification in the era of high-throughput sequencing. Nucleic Acids Res 44, W58–W63 (2016). · DOI
  30. D Vianello, , HAPLOFIND: A new method for high-throughput mtDNA haplogroup assignment. Hum Mutat 34, 1189–1194 (2013). · DOI
  31. GD Poznik Identifying Y-chromosome haplogroups in arbitrarily large samples of sequenced or genotyped men. bioRxiv 10.1101/088716. (2016). · DOI · Paper page
  32. C Jeong, , Long-term genetic stability and a high-altitude East Asian origin for the peoples of the high valleys of the Himalayan arc. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 113, 7485–7490 (2016). · DOI
  33. I Lazaridis, , Genetic origins of the Minoans and Mycenaeans. Nature 548, 214–218 (2017). · DOI
  34. M Raghavan, , The genetic prehistory of the New World Arctic. Science 345, 1255832 (2014). · DOI · Paper page
  35. L Saag, , Extensive farming in Estonia started through a sex-biased migration from the steppe. Curr Biol 27, 2185–2193.e6 (2017). · DOI
  36. M Unterländer, , Ancestry and demography and descendants of Iron Age nomads of the Eurasian steppe. Nat Commun 8, 14615 (2017). · DOI
  37. MA Yang, , 40,000-year-old individual from Asia provides insight into early population structure in Eurasia. Curr Biol 27, 3202–3208.e9 (2017). · DOI
  38. GM Kılınç, , The demographic development of the first farmers in Anatolia. Curr Biol 26, 2659–2666 (2016). · DOI
  39. C Jeong Characterizing the genetic history of admixture across inner Eurasia. bioRxiv 10.1101/327122. (May 23 2018). · DOI
  40. P Flegontov Paleo-Eskimo genetic legacy across North America. bioRxiv 10.1101/203018. (2017). · DOI
  41. R Lander, , Poor dietary quality of complementary foods is associated with multiple micronutrient deficiencies during early childhood in Mongolia. Public Health Nutr 13, 1304–1313 (2010). · DOI
  42. D Haytowitz, USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 24 (US Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, 2011).
  43. MA DePristo, , A framework for variation discovery and genotyping using next-generation DNA sequencing data. Nat Genet 43, 491–498 (2011). · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Jeong, C., Wilkin, S., Amgalantugs, T., Bouwman, A. S., Taylor, W. T. T., Hagan, R. W., Bromage, S., Tsolmon, S., Trachsel, C., Grossmann, J., Littleton, J., Makarewicz, C. A., Krigbaum, J., Burri, M., Scott, A., Davaasambuu, G., Wright, J., Irmer, F., Myagmar, E., Boivin, N., Robbeets, M., Rühli, F. J., Krause, J., Frohlich, B., Hendy, J., & Warinner, C.
Affiliations
  • Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany;
  • Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany;
  • Institute of Archaeology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, 14200 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia;
  • Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland;
  • Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115;
  • Nutrition and Biotechnology Department, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, 14191 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia;
  • Functional Genomics Centre Zürich, University of Zürich/Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland;
  • Department of Anthropology, University of Auckland, 1010 Auckland, New Zealand;
  • Institute of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Archaeology, Christian Albrechts University, 21118 Kiel, Germany;
  • Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611;
  • Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, AB24 3FX Aberdeen, United Kingdom;
  • Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, National University of Mongolia, 14200 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia;
  • The Eurasia3angle Project, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany;
  • Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560;
ORCID
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher
National Academy of Sciences
Published
2018-11-05
Volume
115
Issue
48
ISSN
  • 0027-8424
  • 1091-6490
DOI
10.1073/pnas.1813608115
PMC
PMC6275519
Cited by
195
References
24
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (vor)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review