Cited by 295Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchGenetics and Neurodevelopmental DisordersRNA Research and Splicing

Characterization of the Shank Family of Synaptic Proteins

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Lim, Sangmi, Naisbitt, Scott, Yoon, Jiyoung, Hwang, Jong-Ik, Suh, Pann-Ghill, Sheng, Morgan, Kim, Eunjoon·1999·Journal of Biological Chemistry

Abstract

Shank1, Shank2, and Shank3 constitute a family of proteins that may function as molecular scaffolds in the postsynaptic density (PSD). Shank directly interacts with GKAP and Homer, thus potentially bridging the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-PSD-95-GKAP complex and the mGluR-Homer complex in synapses (Naisbitt, S., Kim, E., Tu, J. C. , Xiao, B., Sala, S., Valtschanoff, J., Weinberg, R. J., Worley, P. F., and Sheng, M. (1999) Neuron 23, 569-582; Tu, J. C., Xiao, B., Naisbitt, S., Yuan, J. P., Petralia, R. S., Brakeman, P., Doan, A., Aakalu, V. K., Lanahan, A. A., Sheng, M., and Worley, P. F. (1999) Neuron 23, 583-592). Shank contains multiple domains for protein-protein interaction including ankyrin repeats, an SH3 domain, a PSD-95/Dlg/ZO-1 domain, a sterile alpha motif domain, and a proline-rich region. By characterizing Shank cDNA clones and RT-PCR products, we found that there are four sites for alternative splicing in Shank1 and another four sites in Shank2, some of which result in deletion of specific domains of the Shank protein. In addition, the expression of the splice variants is differentially regulated in different regions of rat brain during development. Immunoblot analysis of Shank proteins in rat brain using five different Shank antibodies reveals marked heterogeneity in size (120-240 kDa) and differential spatiotemporal expression. Shank1 immunoreactivity is concentrated at excitatory synaptic sites in adult brain, and the punctate staining of Shank1 is seen in developing rat brains as early as postnatal day 7. These results suggest that alternative splicing in the Shank family may be a mechanism that regulates the molecular structure of Shank and the spectrum of Shank-interacting proteins in the PSDs of adult and developing brain.

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Crossref · 10.1074/jbc.274.41.29510

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  • SHANK genes have complex transcriptional regulation with multiple intragenic promoters and extensive alternatively spliced exons in both humans and mice.

    “SHANK genes display a complex transcriptional regulation with multiple intragenic promoters and extensive alternatively spliced exons both in humans and mice (Leblond et al., 2012; Lim et al., 1999; Maunakea et al., 2010; McWilliams et al., 2004; Redecker et al., 2006; Wang et al., 2011; Wilson et al., 2003).”

    From Modeling Autism by SHANK Gene Mutations in Mice (2013) · cites this paper as Lim et al., 1999

  • Expression of Shank3 isoforms is cell type-specific and developmentally regulated.

    “The expression of Shank3 isoforms is cell type-specific and developmentally regulated (Lim et al., 1999; Maunakea et al., 2010).”

    From Modeling Autism by SHANK Gene Mutations in Mice (2013) · cites this paper as Lim et al., 1999

  • Differences in SHANK2 exon numbering across organisms in other reports likely reflect uncharacterized exons or alternative splicing.

    “The difference in exon numbering for SHANK2 in different organisms in other reports is likely due to the pattern of uncharacterized exons or alternative splicing (Leblond et al., 2012; Lim et al., 1999; McWilliams et al., 2004).”

    From Modeling Autism by SHANK Gene Mutations in Mice (2013) · cites this paper as Lim et al., 1999

  • Alternative splicing of exons 19-20 and isoforms of SHANK2E, SHANK2A, and SHANK2B are conserved in mice, but the status of SHANK2C and other spliced exons has not been confirmed.

    “The alternative splicing of exons 19-20 and isoforms of SHANK2E (Jiang, unpublished data), SHANK2A, and SHANK2B (Lim et al., 1999) were conserved in mice but the status of SHANK2C and other spliced exons has not been confirmed.”

    From Modeling Autism by SHANK Gene Mutations in Mice (2013) · cites this paper as Lim et al., 1999

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Authors
Lim, S., Naisbitt, S., Yoon, J., Hwang, J.-I., Suh, P.-G., Sheng, M., & Kim, E.
Affiliations
  • Pusan National University (KR)
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
  • Pohang University of Science and Technology (KR)
Corresponding author
Kim, Eunjoon
Venue
Journal of Biological Chemistry
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1999-10
Volume
274
Issue
41
Pages
29510-29518
ISSN
0021-9258 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2084494997
Cited by
295
References
52
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 26
FWCI
2.89
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Biological Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Open Access System for Information Sharing (Pohang University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
  • Scholarworks@UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS 35050, R01NS035050)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
Keywords
Shank1, Shank2, SHANK3, postsynaptic density, alternative splicing, splice variants, GKAP, Homer, NMDA receptor, metabotropic glutamate receptors, ankyrin repeats, SH3 domain, sterile alpha motif domain, proline-rich region, synaptic proteins, brain development, excitatory synapses, spatiotemporal expression
MeSH terms
Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Brain, Carrier Proteins, Cloning, Molecular, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Molecular Sequence Data, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Synaptic Transmission, RNA, Messenger, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Alternative Splicing, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, COS Cells, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Rats

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