The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Training of Working Memory in Children With ADHD
Abstract
Working memory (WM) capacity is the ability to retain and manipulate information during a short period of time. This ability underlies complex reasoning and has generally been regarded as a fixed trait of the individual. Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) represent one group of subjects with a WM deficit, attributed to an impairment of the frontal lobe. In the present study, we used a new training paradigm with intensive and adaptive training of WM tasks and evaluated the effect of training with a double blind, placebo controlled design. Training significantly enhanced performance on the trained WM tasks. More importantly, the training significantly improved performance on a nontrained visuo-spatial WM task and on Raven's Progressive Matrices, which is a nonverbal complex reasoning task. In addition, motor activity--as measured by the number of head movements during a computerized test--was significantly reduced in the treatment group. A second experiment showed that similar training-induced improvements on cognitive tasks are also possible in young adults without ADHD. These results demonstrate that performance on WM tasks can be significantly improved by training, and that the training effect also generalizes to nontrained tasks requiring WM. Training improved performance on tasks related to prefrontal functioning and had also a significant effect on motor activity in children with ADHD. The results thus suggest that WM training potentially could be of clinical use for ameliorating the symptoms in ADHD.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“However, there are some obvious weaknesses in this study: the group sizes (7 children per group) are tiny – this study is, like many other studies in this area, severely underpowered.”
From Working Memory Training Does Not Improve Performance on Measures of Intelligence or Other Measures of “Far Transfer”: Evidence From a Meta-Analytic Review (2016) · cites this paper as Klingberg et al. (2002)
In the citing paper
“Another problem with the design of this study is that any differences found as a result of training may reflect differences in the duration of the computerized tasks performed by the two groups, rather than being effects of adaptive working memory training per se.”
From Working Memory Training Does Not Improve Performance on Measures of Intelligence or Other Measures of “Far Transfer”: Evidence From a Meta-Analytic Review (2016) · cites this paper as Klingberg et al. (2002)
In the citing paper
“The largest effect size for working memory training on nonverbal ability came from the earliest study (d = 2.18; Klingberg et al., 2002), which included only 7 subjects in each of the training and control groups.”
From Working Memory Training Does Not Improve Performance on Measures of Intelligence or Other Measures of “Far Transfer”: Evidence From a Meta-Analytic Review (2016) · cites this paper as Klingberg et al., 2002
In the citing paper
“However, while some studies [84,85] show subsequent improvement in ADHD symptoms, others do not (e.g. [86], reviewed in e.g. [87]).”
From Linking ADHD to the Neural Circuitry of Attention (2017) · cites this paper as [84]
In the citing paper
“Training individuals with ADHD on one specific cognitive domain, e.g. working memory, has been found to result in improved performance on the trained and similar tasks [84–86].”
From Linking ADHD to the Neural Circuitry of Attention (2017) · cites this paper as [84]
In the citing paper
“but they only used the incongruent trials as outcome measure; baseline response times to congruent trials were not controlled for, making it impossible to calculate the interference score)”
In the citing paper
“([85] and [86] also found differential effects on the STROOP”
In the citing paper
“In many ways our findings are similar to those of previous placebo controlled (single) EF training studies in children with ADHD [21], [84], [85], [86], [23] (but note that only one of these studies [21] corrected for multiple testing).”
In the citing paper
“Several studies have provided evidence for the effectiveness of CogMed training in children with ADHD (e.g., Klingberg et al., 2002, 2005).”
From Executive control training from middle childhood to adolescence (2014) · cites this paper as Klingberg et al., 2002
In the citing paper
“Therefore, the idea that WM-training programs such as CWMT exert stronger benefits to low-WM individuals (e.g., Klingberg et al., 2002;Weicker et al., 2016) is not supported.”
From The cognitive and academic benefits of Cogmed: A meta-analysis (2019) · cites this paper as Klingberg et al., 2002
Citations
Cites
The g factor: the science of mental ability
(1998) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.36-2443 · Cited by 2,763
Common regions of the human frontal lobe recruited by diverse cognitive demands
Duncan, J., & Owen, A. M. (2000) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01633-7 · Cited by 2,498
Fuster, J. M. (1997) · Cited by 2,095
CORTICAL PLASTICITY: From Synapses to Maps
Buonomano, D. V., & Merzenich, M. M. (1998) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.21.1.149 · Cited by 2,083
Circuitry of Primate Prefrontal Cortex and Regulation of Behavior by Representational Memory
Goldman‐Rakic, P. S. (1987) · Comprehensive Physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.cp010509 · Cited by 1,960
Functional MRI evidence for adult motor cortex plasticity during motor skill learning
Kami, A., Meyer, G., Jezzard, P., Adams, M. M., Turner, R., & Ungerleider, L. G. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/377155a0 · Cited by 1,883
Reasoning ability is (little more than) working-memory capacity?!
Kyllonen, P. C., & Christal, R. E. (1990) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/s0160-2896(05)80012-1 · Cited by 1,810
Pardo, J. V., Pardo, P. J., Janer, K. W., & Raichle, M. E. (1990) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.87.1.256 · Cited by 1,495
Recanzone, G., Schreiner, C., & Merzenich, M. (1993) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.13-01-00087.1993 · Cited by 1,266
Tallal, P., Miller, S. L., Bedi, G., Byma, G., Wang, X., Nagarajan, S. S., Schreiner, C., Jenkins, W. M., & Merzenich, M. M. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.271.5245.81 · Cited by 1,197
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–700 of 998
Learning and Cognitive Disorders
Chacko, A., Uderman, J. Z., Feirsen, N., Bedard, A., & Marks, D. J. (2013) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2013.03.006 · Cited by 16
Time Simulator in Virtual Reality for Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Gongsook, P. (2012) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-33542-6_61 · Cited by 15
“Improving the working memory might reduce some of their symptoms and associated behavior problems [17].”
Jog, M., Yan, L., Kilroy, E., Krasileva, K. E., Jann, K., LeClair, H., Elashoff, D. A., & Wang, D. J. J. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.04.035 · Cited by 15
“In general, developmental BOLD fMRI studies using spatial and verbal working memory tasks have reported increased BOLD signal changes with age in executive brain networks involving fronto-parietal regions (Klingberg et al., 2002a; Kwon et al., 2002; Thomason et al., 2009).”
What do ADHD Neuroimaging Studies Reveal for Teachers, Teacher Educators and Inclusive Education?
Boon, H. J. (2020) · Child & Youth Care Forum · doi:10.1007/s10566-019-09542-4 · Cited by 16
Early Temperament and Psychosocial Development
Rothbart, M. K. (2005) · Cited by 15
Gitten, J. C., Winer, J. L., Festa, E. K., & Heindel, W. C. (2006) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297040500205579 · Cited by 18
“However, the majority of studies that have examined memory functioning in children with ADHD have utilized tasks previously found to be dependent primarily on medial temporal lobe rather than frontostriatal structures ( Berlin, Bohlin, Nyberg, & Janols, 2004 ; Klingberg, Forssberg, & Westerberg, 2002 ; Muir-Broaddus,…”
Using Games to Improve Functioning in Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
Pei, J. R., & Kerns, K. A. (2012) · Games for Health Journal · doi:10.1089/g4h.2012.0036 · Cited by 15
Construct Confounding Among Predictors of Mathematics Achievement
Schenke, K., Rutherford, T. A., Lam, A. C., & Bailey, D. H. (2016) · AERA Open · doi:10.1177/2332858416648930 · Cited by 14
Can Rhesus Monkeys Learn Executive Attention?
Bramlett, J. L., & Washburn, D. A. (2016) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs6020011 · Cited by 14
“Klingberg, Forssberg, and Westerburg [23] administered another form of cognitive training that focused primarily on working memory as an outcome.”
Working memory and intelligence quotient: Which best predicts on school achievement?
Siquara, G. M., Santos‐Lima, C., & Abreu, N. (2018) · Psico · doi:10.15448/1980-8623.2018.4.27943 · Cited by 14
Schiller, R. M., IJsselstijn, H., Madderom, M. J., van Rosmalen, J., van Heijst, A. F. J., Smits, M., Verhulst, F. C., Tibboel, D., & White, T. J. H. (2019) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100678 · Cited by 15
“Children trained at home for 45 min a day, five days a week, for five consecutive weeks, as recommended in the manufacturer’s instructions (Klingberg et al., 2002).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialChen, Y., Zhou, W., Hong, Z., Hu, R., Guo, Z., Liu, S., & Zhang, L. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-95126-z · Cited by 15
Can Attention Itself Be Trained? Attention Training for Children At-Risk for ADHD
Tamm, L., McCandliss, B. D., Liang, A. C., Wigal, T. L., Posner, M. I., & Swanson, J. M. (2007) · Medical psychiatry · doi:10.3109/9781420017144.035 · Cited by 14
Working memory training: from metaphors to models
Morra, S., & Borella, E. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01097 · Cited by 17
Deforge, H. (2011) · Développements · doi:10.3917/devel.008.0005 · Cited by 20
Lineweaver, T. T., Kercood, S., O'Keeffe, N. B., O’Brien, K. M., Massey, E. J., Campbell, S. J., & Pierce, J. N. (2012) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2012.683854 · Cited by 14
“In a separate line of research, Klingberg, Fossberg, and Westerberg (2002) trained patients with ADHD and healthy controls to complete four complex working memory tasks.”
IMPAIRED EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONING IN PEDIATRIC TRICHOTILLOMANIA (HAIR PULLING DISORDER)
Flessner, C. A., Brennan, E., Murphy, Y. E., & Francazio, S. K. (2015) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22450 · Cited by 14
Kermani, F. K., Mohammadi, M. R., Yadegari, F., Haresabadi, F., & Sadeghi, S. M. (2016) · PubMed Central · Cited by 14
Savcı, U., Tufan, A. E., ÖZTÜRK, Y., & Cansız, M. A. (2019) · Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry · doi:10.18863/pgy.424793 · Cited by 16
Rossignoli-Palomeque, T., Quirós-Godoy, M., Pérez-Hernández, E., & González-Marqués, J. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02332 · Cited by 14
van der Fels, I. M. J., de Bruijn, A. G. M., Renken, R. J., Königs, M., Meijer, A., Oosterlaan, J., Kostons, D. D. N. M., Visscher, C., Bosker, R., Smith, J., et al. (2020) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-020-00805-5 · Cited by 16
Training of Attention in Children With Low Arithmetical Achievement
Guarnera, M. A., & D’Amico, A. (2014) · Europe’s Journal of Psychology · doi:10.5964/ejop.v10i2.744 · Cited by 14
Investigating the role of domain general mechanisms in the acquisition of domain specific expertise
Kaufman, S. B. (2007) · High Ability Studies · doi:10.1080/13598130701350767 · Cited by 15
“In one study (Klingberg et al., 2002), children with ADHD received an intensive training program to increase their working memory capacity.”
BackgroundAhn, J. S., Heo, J., Oh, J., Lee, D., Jhung, K., Kim, J., & Park, J. Y. (2022) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci12020274 · Cited by 15
Peterson, R. K., Longo, C. A., Cunningham, T., Janzen, L. A., Guger, S., Monteiro, L., Rapson, R., Bartels, U. K., Bouffet, É., Solomon, T., et al. (2022) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297049.2022.2061933 · Cited by 12
“Cogmed is a computerized program that targets improving working memory through systematic exercises (Klingberg et al., 2002, 2005).”
BackgroundMethodCognitive Training in Childhood and Adolescence
Rueda, M. R., Cómbita, L. M., & Pozuelos, J. P. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-39292-5_9 · Cited by 14
Chang, L., Løhaugen, G. C. C., Douet, V., Miller, E. N., Skranes, J. S., & Ernst, T. M. (2016) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1160-4 · Cited by 13
“The efficacy of CWMT was first demonstrated in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorders [34], who showed better non-verbal and verbal working memory performance and improved response inhibition and reasoning, as well as reduced parent-rated inattentive symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorde…”
Assessing age-dependent multi-task functional co-activation changes using measures of task-potency
Chauvin, R. J., Mennes, M., Buitelaar, J. K., & Beckmann, C. F. (2017) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2017.11.011 · Cited by 13
“, 2015)), spatial working memory (WM, (van Ewijk et al., 2015; Klingberg et al., 2002; McNab et al., 2008; Rhein et al., 2015)).”
Naets, T., Vervoort, L., Verbeken, S., & Braet, C. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01956 · Cited by 14
“Both direct and indirect lifetime costs (e.g., caused by medical expenses and unemployment) of obesity in adolescents add up to over $254 billion in the US (Lightwood et al., 2009) and e33 billion in Europe (Fry and Finley, 2005).”
BackgroundOrylska, A., Hadwin, J. A., Kroemeke, A., & Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S. (2019) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2019.00012 · Cited by 16
Bangirana, P., Boivin, M. J., & Giordani, B. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6834-9_13 · Cited by 13
Multi-window System and the Working Memory
Hashizume, A., Kurosu, M., & Kaneko, T. (2007) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-73331-7_32 · Cited by 13
“Another possibility is that the training will make working memory more efficient as Klingberg et al. [ 8 ] proposed.”
BackgroundDecker, S. L., Englund, J. A., & Roberts, A. M. (2012) · Applied Neuropsychology Child · doi:10.1080/21622965.2012.737760 · Cited by 13
Individual differences and attentional varieties.
RAZ, A. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 13
The Use of Games in Paediatric Cognitive Intervention: A Systematic Review
Neugnot-Cerioli, M. (2015) · International Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.4172/2329-9096.1000286 · Cited by 15
“Intervention can take the form of pharmacological treatment [8], stimulation of the biological substrates of cognitive functioning, for example using transcranial magnetic stimulation [9-11] or neuro feedback [12,13], or be performed through repeated exposure, practice and training of target skills, and dispensed eith…”
BackgroundWORKING MEMORY: DEVELOPMENT, DISORDERS AND TRAINING
Westerberg, H. (2004) · Figshare · Cited by 13
Self-citationEvolution and development of self-regulation.
Posner, M. I. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 13
Tzuriel, D., Weiss, T., & Kashy‐Rosenbaum, G. (2024) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjep.12709 · Cited by 15
Maleki, Z. H., Mashhadi, A., Soltanifar, A., Moharreri, F., & Ghamanabad, A. G. (2014) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 11
Executive function training for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Rapport, M. D., Eckrich, S. J., Calub, C. A., & Friedman, L. M. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815755-8.00008-3 · Cited by 12
Medial entorhinal cortex lesions produce delay-dependent disruptions in memory for elapsed time
Vo, A., Tabrizi, N. S., Hunt, T. C., Cayanan, K., Chitale, S., Anderson, L. G., Tenney, S., White, A. O., Sabariego, M., & Hales, J. B. (2021) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107507 · Cited by 12
Executive Function and Adaptive Behavior in Muenke Syndrome
Yarnell, C. M. P., Addissie, Y. A., Hadley, D. W., Sacoto, M. J. G., Agochukwu, N. B., Hart, R. A., Wiggs, E. A., Platte, P., Paelecke–Habermann, Y., Collmann, H., et al. (2015) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.04.080 · Cited by 12
O’Hanlon, E., Howley, S., Prasad, S. E., McGrath, J., Leemans, A., McDonald, C., Garavan, H., & Murphy, K. C. (2016) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23337 · Cited by 12
“Studies of the neural basis for SWM in the general population report that SWM tasks activate a cortical pathway extending bilaterally from prefrontal cortex to anterior cingulate and parietal regions in both children and adults [Klingberg et al., 2002; Kwon et al., 2002; Thomas et al., 1999, 2009].”
BackgroundWorking Memory Training in Deaf Children with Cochlear Implants
Kronenberger, W. G., & Pisoni, D. B. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2788-3_18 · Cited by 12
Can working memory training improve preschoolers’ numerical abilities?
Honoré, N., & Noël, M. (2017) · Journal of Numerical Cognition · doi:10.5964/jnc.v3i2.54 · Cited by 12
“…(Bergman-Nutley & Klingberg, 2014; K. I. E. Dahlin, 2013; Dunning et al., 2013; Gray et al., 2012; Holmes et al., 2009; Klingberg et al., 2005; Klingberg et al., 2002; Van der Molen et al., 2010) as well as in preschoolers (Honoré & Noël, 2017; Kroesbergen et al., 2014; Passolunghi & Costa,…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialPhillips, J. M., & Longoria, J. N. (2019) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297049.2019.1682131 · Cited by 12
Wener, S. E., & Archibald, L. M. D. (2011) · Child Language Teaching and Therapy · doi:10.1177/0265659010393536 · Cited by 12
“Recently, working memory training has received increasing research attention (e.g. Klingberg et al., 2002; Holmes et al., 2009).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialBlair, C. (2006) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x06419038 · Cited by 13
Executive Dysfunction in Addiction
Jarmolowicz, D. P., Mueller, E. T., Koffarnus, M. N., Carter, A. E., Gatchalian, K. M., & Bickel, W. K. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118384404.ch2 · Cited by 12
Sauce, B., Wiedenhoeft, J., Judd, N., & Klingberg, T. (2021) · npj Science of Learning · doi:10.1038/s41539-021-00096-6 · Cited by 11
Self-citationWang, L., Sheng, A., Chang, L., & Zhou, R. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1025036 · Cited by 14
“Chein and Morrison (2010) argued that working memory training transfers the training effect to fluid intelligence by improving inhibition control (Kane et al., 2001; Engle, 2002; Klingberg et al., 2002; Klingberg, 2010; Au et al., 2015; Greenwood and Parasuraman, 2015; Au et al., 2016; Ye et al., 2018), which is a cor…”
BackgroundDelta-alpha/beta coupling as a signature of visual working memory in the prefrontal cortex
Aliramezani, M., Farrokhi, A., Constantinidis, C., & Daliri, M. R. (2024) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.110453 · Cited by 11
Giroux, S.-V., Parent, V., & Guay, M.-C. (2010) · Journal de Thérapie Comportementale et Cognitive · doi:10.1016/j.jtcc.2010.09.004 · Cited by 14
The neural code of intelligence: From correlation to causation
Jaušovec, N. (2019) · Physics of Life Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2019.10.005 · Cited by 12
“[116] Klingberg T, Forssberg H, Westerberg H.”
Okul öncesi dönem çocuklarında çalışma belleği ve engelleyici kontrol: Dikkatin aracı rolü
Gözüm, A. İ. C. (2020) · Erken Çocukluk Çalışmaları Dergisi · doi:10.24130/eccd-jecs.1967202043270 · Cited by 11
Liu, Y. H., Zhu, J., Constantinidis, C., & Zhou, X. (2021) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.103178 · Cited by 12
“Changing patterns of prefrontal activation between childhood and adulthood have been well documented in human imaging studies for tasks that require working memory (Bunge et al., 2002; Burgund et al., 2006; Klingberg et al., 2002; Kwon et al., 2002; Luna et al., 2001; Olesen et al., 2003, 2007) and response inhibition…”
BackgroundLimits of near transfer: Content- and operation-specific effects of working memory training.
Himi, S. A., Stadler, M. J., von Bastian, C. C., Bühner, M., & Hilbert, S. (2022) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/xge0001328 · Cited by 15
Computerized cognitive interventions for adults with ADHD: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Elbe, P., Bäcklund, C., Vega‐Mendoza, M., Sörman, D. E., Gavelin, H. M., Nyberg, L. H., & Ljungberg, J. K. (2023) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/neu0000890 · Cited by 11
Bridging the Gap between Advantaged and Disadvantaged Children:
Fitzpatrick, C. (2014) · South African Journal of Childhood Education · doi:10.4102/sajce.v4i1.66 · Cited by 22
Lee, X. Y., Koukouna, E., Lim, C. G., Guan, C., Lee, T.-S. W., & Fung, D. S. S. (2015) · Gaming media and social effects · doi:10.1007/978-981-287-408-5_6 · Cited by 10
Rauch, W. A., Gold, A. W., & Schmitt, K. D. (2012) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-012-0083-5 · Cited by 13
“Klingberg and colleagues (Klingberg et al. 2002; Klingberg et al. 2005) examined the effects of training on working memory in a group of children with ADHD.”
BackgroundWorking Memory and Intelligence: A Brief Review
Chooi, W.-T. (2012) · Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology · doi:10.5539/jedp.v2n2p42 · Cited by 18
Richey, J. E., Phillips, J. S., Schunn, C. D., & Schneider, W. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0106616 · Cited by 12
“improvements on variations of the Raven’s Progressive Matrices task [23,31–35], while others have failed to find transfer effects [3,25,36,37].”
MethodDevelopmental implications of children’s brain networks and learning
Chan, J. S. Y., Wang, Y., Yan, J. H., & Chen, H. (2016) · Reviews in the Neurosciences · doi:10.1515/revneuro-2016-0007 · Cited by 12
“Training in these fields has shown a consistent near transfer effect but a dubious far transfer effect (Klingberg et al., 2002; Tamm et al., 2013).”
CanDiD: A Framework for Linking Executive Function and Education
Hosseini‐Kamkar, N., & Morton, J. B. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01187 · Cited by 12
“Consistent with this account, targeted practice of working-memory (Klingberg et al., 2002) and task-switching (Karbach and Kray, 2009) paradigms beget measureable changes in cognitive and neurophysiological measures of higher-order cognition (Olesen et al., 2004).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialZakariás, L., Kelly, H., Salis, C., & Code, C. (2019) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2018_jslhr-l-18-0057 · Cited by 11
Successful Learning: Relationship Between Fluid Intelligence and Working Memory
Rzhanova, I. E., Alekseeva, O. S., & Burdukova, Y. A. (2020) · Psychological Science and Education · doi:10.17759/pse.2020250106 · Cited by 12
Hayashi, Y., Kobayashi, T., & Toyoshige, T. (2015) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.3177 · Cited by 14
Cognitive Training: Neural Correlates of Expert Skills
Bor, D., & Owen, A. M. (2007) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.01.019 · Cited by 13
Sharifi, A., Shojaeian, N., Mashhadi, A., Tabibi, Z., & Soltanifar, A. (2021) · Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/j.lmot.2021.101747 · Cited by 11
Hospital-Based Modified Cogmed Working Memory Training for Youth With ADHD
Sandberg, S., & McAuley, T. (2021) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/10870547211066487 · Cited by 12
“One of the most predominant examples is the working memory (WM) training program Cogmed, first developed by Klingberg et al. (2002).”
BackgroundZuber, S., Joly-Burra, E., Mahy, C. E. V., Loaiza, V. M., & Kliegel, M. (2022) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105602 · Cited by 12
Makkar, M., Arumugam, N., Midha, D., & Sandhu, A. (2022) · Iranian Rehabilitation Journal · doi:10.32598/irj.20.2.1552.1 · Cited by 10
Haptics-mediated approaches for enhancing sustained attention: framework and challenges
Wang, D., Li, T., Afzal, N., Zhang, J., & Zhang, Y. (2019) · Science China Information Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11432-018-9931-1 · Cited by 10
Changes in Error Patterns during N-back Training Indicate Reliance on Subvocal Rehearsal
Chooi, W.-T., & Logie, R. H. (2020) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-020-01066-w · Cited by 12
van Beers, M., Mount, S. W., Houben, K., Gosker, H. R., Schuurman, L., Franssen, F. M. E., Janssen, D. J. A., & Schols, A. M. W. J. (2021) · ERJ Open Research · doi:10.1183/23120541.00475-2021 · Cited by 10
“The WMT protocol has been used before [35, 41] and has been proven feasible and acceptable.”
Mammarella, I. C., Coltri, S., Lucangeli, D., & Cornoldi, C. (2009) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602010902819731 · Cited by 10
Smith, G. N. L., Conway, C. M., Kaminske, A. N., & Pisoni, D. B. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0127148 · Cited by 11
“If SSP supports language, then it may be possible to improve language function by enhancing this basic learning ability, similar to the way that computerized working memory (WM) training has been demonstrated to transfer to non-trained tasks of executive function, attention, and other aspects of cognition [7], [8], [9…”
BackgroundMethodEffectiveness of therapeutic programs for students with ADHD with executive function deficits
Chaimaha, N., Sriphetcharawut, S., Lersilp, S., & Chinchai, S. (2017) · Journal of Occupational Therapy Schools & Early Intervention · doi:10.1080/19411243.2017.1359131 · Cited by 18
“For instance, Klingberg et al. (2002) used a computerized training program for working memory in children with ADHD.”
BackgroundMethodAwofala, A. O. A., & Odogwu, H. N. (2017) · Acta Didactica Napocensia · doi:10.24193/adn.10.2.7 · Cited by 10
Learning a musical instrument can benefit a child with special educational needs.
Rose, D., Bartoli, A. J., & Heaton, P. F. (2018) · Psychomusicology Music Mind and Brain · doi:10.1037/pmu0000209 · Cited by 18
Castillo, A., Khislavsky, A. L., Altman, M. N., & Gilger, J. W. (2020) · International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism · doi:10.1080/13670050.2020.1742649 · Cited by 11
“Several studies have examined children’s working memory using the digit span backwards tasks (Chen and Stevenson 1988; Klingberg, Forssberg, and Westerberg 2002).”
Dentz, A., Guay, M., Gauthier, B., Romo, L., & Parent, V. (2020) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.3631 · Cited by 14
Takeuchi, H., Maruyama, T., Taki, Y., Motoki, K., Jeong, H., Kotozaki, Y., Shinada, T., Nakagawa, S., Nouchi, R., Iizuka, K., et al. (2020) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-020-00324-4 · Cited by 15
“When there were hypotheses, one-tailed tests were used as described previously (H. Takeuchi et al. 2011a; H. Takeuchi et al. 2011d; Klingberg et al. 2002; Klingberg et al. 2005).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialvon Mentzer, C. N. (2014) · Linköping University Electronic Press eBooks · doi:10.3384/diss.diva-108902 · Cited by 11
Cognitive Training Enhances Working Memory Capacity in Healthy Adults. A Pilot Study
Tulbure, B. T., & Siberescu, I. (2013) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.04.274 · Cited by 11
“Other studies also demonstrated that the cognitive training effects generalize to other tasks such as problem solving and reasoning (Klingberg et al., 2002), and improves IQ scores (Klingberg et al., 2005).”
ResultDoyen, C., Contejean, Y., Risler, V., Asch, M., Amado, I., Launay, C., Redon, P. D. B., Burnouf, I., & Kaye, K. (2015) · Archives de Pédiatrie · doi:10.1016/j.arcped.2015.01.012 · Cited by 10
Edebol, H., Helldin, L., Holmberg, E., Gustafsson, S.-A., & Norlander, T. (2011) · Europe’s Journal of Psychology · doi:10.5964/ejop.v7i3.143 · Cited by 10
Improvement of Visual Attention and Working Memory through a Web-based Cognitive Training Program
Scanlon, M., Drescher, D., & Sarkar, K. (2007) · Cited by 10
Investigating the mediating effect of working memory on intentional forgetting in dysphoria
Noreen, S., Cooke, R. W. I., & Ridout, N. (2019) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-019-01225-y · Cited by 13
Jaquerod, M. E., Mesrobian, S. K., Villa, A. E. P., Bader, M., & Lintas, A. (2020) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci10010038 · Cited by 11
The effect of foreign language acquisition on preschool children’s self-regulation and social skills
Uslu, B. (2020) · European Early Childhood Education Research Journal · doi:10.1080/1350293x.2020.1783928 · Cited by 10
“…of the self-regulation scale, is related to the temporary storage of verbal and auditory information, the storage of visual and spatial information, the ability to store and process information for a short time (Klingberg, Forssberg, and Westerberg 2002; Preßler, Krajewski, and Hasselhorn 2013).”
BackgroundDekkers, T. J., & der Oord, S. V. (2022) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13751 · Cited by 11
Okur, M., & Aksoy, V. (2025) · Journal of Intelligence · doi:10.3390/jintelligence13020016 · Cited by 14
“Proper strategy training has been shown to significantly enhance learning performance, while WM training improves attention, problem solving, and general cognitive functions (Klingberg et al. 2002; Jaeggi et al. 2008).”
Development and Evaluation of an Online, Multicomponent Working Memory Battery
Englund, J. A., Decker, S. L., Woodlief, D. T., & DiStefano, C. (2014) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191114524016 · Cited by 12
Working memory training does not improve executive functioning or fluid intelligence
Rodas, J. A., & Greene, C. M. (2021) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1177/17470218211039502 · Cited by 10
“Part of this increased interest comes from several studies investigating working memory (WM) training programmes that reported achieving significant improvements in WM and fluid intelligence (Gf; Jaeggi et al., 2008; Klingberg et al., 2002; Olesen et al., 2004), two different components of cognition that are key to in…”
BackgroundAsymmetric negative transfer effects of working memory training
Ni, N., Gathercole, S. E., Norris, D. G., & Saito, S. (2023) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-023-01412-8 · Cited by 12
“This strategy mediation account captures training outcomes as the improved efficacy of unchanged WM capacity (Dunning & Holmes, 2014; Fellman et al., 2020; Forsberg et al., 2020; Laine et al., 2018; Malinovitch et al., 2021).”
Vergara, R. G., & Gallardo, M. M. (2023) · Acta Colombiana de Psicología · doi:10.14718/acp.2023.26.2.4 · Cited by 9
“Children with ADHD, after six weeks of working memory training, decreased their motor activity and improved their working memory (Klingberg et al., 2002).”
BackgroundRao, P. S., Pandey, M. K., Mishra, P., Deshmukh, S., Jahan, M., & Manohar, S. (2023) · Annals of Neurosciences · doi:10.1177/09727531231198639 · Cited by 9
“28 But, the claim has yet to be backed up with enough data and follow-up of long-term cognitive training studies to support it and requires further research.”
BackgroundDoes Experience of Failure Decrease Executive, Regulatory Abilities and Increase Aggression?
Pahlavan, F., Mouchiroud, C., & Manis, E. (2012) · Global Journal of Health Science · doi:10.5539/gjhs.v4n6p60 · Cited by 10
Metadata
- Authors
- Klingberg, T., Forssberg, H., & Westerberg, H.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2002-09
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 781-791
- ISSN
- 0165-0475 (ISSN-L)
- 1380-3395
- 1744-411X
- OpenAlex
- W2163254754
- Semantic Scholar
- 249861f2f06d32f1a763a5afb883bad83639a164
- Cited by
- 1,225
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 75 · 2018: 62 · 2017: 79 · 2016: 75 · 2015: 98 · 2014: 84 · 2013: 91 · 2012: 90
- FWCI
- 8.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- working memory training, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, children, adaptive training, transfer of training, visuospatial working memory, Raven's Progressive Matrices, nonverbal reasoning, prefrontal cortex, motor activity, head movement
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Cognition, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Neuropsychological Tests, Task Performance and Analysis, Treatment Outcome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
