The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Training of Working Memory in Children With ADHD
Abstract
Working memory (WM) capacity is the ability to retain and manipulate information during a short period of time. This ability underlies complex reasoning and has generally been regarded as a fixed trait of the individual. Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) represent one group of subjects with a WM deficit, attributed to an impairment of the frontal lobe. In the present study, we used a new training paradigm with intensive and adaptive training of WM tasks and evaluated the effect of training with a double blind, placebo controlled design. Training significantly enhanced performance on the trained WM tasks. More importantly, the training significantly improved performance on a nontrained visuo-spatial WM task and on Raven's Progressive Matrices, which is a nonverbal complex reasoning task. In addition, motor activity--as measured by the number of head movements during a computerized test--was significantly reduced in the treatment group. A second experiment showed that similar training-induced improvements on cognitive tasks are also possible in young adults without ADHD. These results demonstrate that performance on WM tasks can be significantly improved by training, and that the training effect also generalizes to nontrained tasks requiring WM. Training improved performance on tasks related to prefrontal functioning and had also a significant effect on motor activity in children with ADHD. The results thus suggest that WM training potentially could be of clinical use for ameliorating the symptoms in ADHD.
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In the citing paper
“However, there are some obvious weaknesses in this study: the group sizes (7 children per group) are tiny – this study is, like many other studies in this area, severely underpowered.”
From Working Memory Training Does Not Improve Performance on Measures of Intelligence or Other Measures of “Far Transfer”: Evidence From a Meta-Analytic Review (2016) · cites this paper as Klingberg et al. (2002)
In the citing paper
“Another problem with the design of this study is that any differences found as a result of training may reflect differences in the duration of the computerized tasks performed by the two groups, rather than being effects of adaptive working memory training per se.”
From Working Memory Training Does Not Improve Performance on Measures of Intelligence or Other Measures of “Far Transfer”: Evidence From a Meta-Analytic Review (2016) · cites this paper as Klingberg et al. (2002)
In the citing paper
“The largest effect size for working memory training on nonverbal ability came from the earliest study (d = 2.18; Klingberg et al., 2002), which included only 7 subjects in each of the training and control groups.”
From Working Memory Training Does Not Improve Performance on Measures of Intelligence or Other Measures of “Far Transfer”: Evidence From a Meta-Analytic Review (2016) · cites this paper as Klingberg et al., 2002
In the citing paper
“However, while some studies [84,85] show subsequent improvement in ADHD symptoms, others do not (e.g. [86], reviewed in e.g. [87]).”
From Linking ADHD to the Neural Circuitry of Attention (2017) · cites this paper as [84]
In the citing paper
“Training individuals with ADHD on one specific cognitive domain, e.g. working memory, has been found to result in improved performance on the trained and similar tasks [84–86].”
From Linking ADHD to the Neural Circuitry of Attention (2017) · cites this paper as [84]
In the citing paper
“but they only used the incongruent trials as outcome measure; baseline response times to congruent trials were not controlled for, making it impossible to calculate the interference score)”
In the citing paper
“([85] and [86] also found differential effects on the STROOP”
In the citing paper
“In many ways our findings are similar to those of previous placebo controlled (single) EF training studies in children with ADHD [21], [84], [85], [86], [23] (but note that only one of these studies [21] corrected for multiple testing).”
In the citing paper
“Several studies have provided evidence for the effectiveness of CogMed training in children with ADHD (e.g., Klingberg et al., 2002, 2005).”
From Executive control training from middle childhood to adolescence (2014) · cites this paper as Klingberg et al., 2002
In the citing paper
“Therefore, the idea that WM-training programs such as CWMT exert stronger benefits to low-WM individuals (e.g., Klingberg et al., 2002;Weicker et al., 2016) is not supported.”
From The cognitive and academic benefits of Cogmed: A meta-analysis (2019) · cites this paper as Klingberg et al., 2002
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Improving children's working memory and classroom performance
Clair‐Thompson, H. S., Stevens, R. F., Hunt, A., & Bolder, E. (2010) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410903509259 · Cited by 212
“For example, Klingberg, Forssberg, and Westerberg (2002) trained children with a diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on a battery of tasks including digit recall and spatial location recall.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialNouchi, R., Taki, Y., Takeuchi, H., Hashizume, H., Nozawa, T., Kambara, T., Sekiguchi, A., Miyauchi, C. M., Kotozaki, Y., Nouchi, H., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055518 · Cited by 240
“Results of previous studies suggest that the adaptive training method is more effective for improvement of cognitive functions than a non-adaptive training program [43,78].”
van der Molen, M. J., Luit, J. E. H. V., van der Molen, M. J., Klugkist, I., & Jongmans, M. J. (2010) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01285.x · Cited by 206
Kane, M. J., Poole, B. J., Tuholski, S. W., & Engle, R. W. (2006) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.32.4.749 · Cited by 197
Novelty Interventions to Enhance Broad Cognitive Abilities and Prevent Dementia
Fissler, P., Küster, O. C., Schlee, W., & Kolassa, I. (2013) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63327-9.00017-5 · Cited by 192
“While some studies found positive effects (Brehmer et al., 2011; Jaeggi et al., 2008, 2010; Karbach and Kray, 2009; Klingberg et al., 2002, 2005; Schweizer et al., 2011, 2013; Zhao et al., 2011), others did not (Ball et al., 2002; Barnes et al., 2013; Bergman Nutley et al., 2011; Borness et al.,…”
Anatomy of attentional networks
Raz, A. (2004) · The Anatomical Record Part B The New Anatomist · doi:10.1002/ar.b.20035 · Cited by 186
“After completing a training program to strengthen working memory, participants have significantly improved motor performances and IQ results on the nonverbal complex reasoning task of the Raven’s progressive matrices (Klingberg et al., 2002, in press; Olesen et al., 2004).”
MethodGreen, C. T., Long, D. L., Green, D., Iosif, A.-M., Dixon, J. F., Miller, M. R., Fassbender, C., & Schweitzer, J. B. (2012) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-012-0124-y · Cited by 176
Steiner, N. J., Sheldrick, R. C., Gotthelf, D., & Perrin, E. C. (2011) · Clinical Pediatrics · doi:10.1177/0009922810397887 · Cited by 173
“nontrained tasks, such as conceptual reasoning, mathematical problem solving, reading comprehension, and passage copying.(22,23) Although previous studies have suggested intriguing effects of both NF and standard format of attentiontraining systems, the lack of random assignment of participants to appropriate control…”
BackgroundInfluentialAndersson, U. (2008) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1348/000709907x209854 · Cited by 174
Linking ADHD to the Neural Circuitry of Attention
Mueller, A., Hong, D. S., Shepard, S., & Moore, T. (2017) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2017.03.009 · Cited by 158
International Encyclopedia of Rehabilitation
Tower, K. (2010) · Cited by 173
The Development of Executive Function
Müller, U., & Kerns, K. A. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118963418.childpsy214 · Cited by 176
Working memory training in survivors of pediatric cancer: a randomized pilot study
Hardy, K. K., Willard, V. W., Allen, T. M., & Bonner, M. J. (2012) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.3222 · Cited by 170
“Specifically, in keeping with prior pilot work using this program, we evaluated a near-transfer task as our primary endpoint (Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning, second edition [WRAML2] Symbolic Working Memory) [27,28].”
MethodInfluentialConklin, H. M., Ogg, R. J., Ashford, J. M., Scoggins, M., Zou, P., Clark, K. N., Martin-Elbahesh, K., Hardy, K. K., Merchant, T. E., Jeha, S., et al. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2015.61.6672 · Cited by 177
“This principleiswellsupportedbyrandomizedcontrolledtrialsdemonstrating superiority of Cogmed over similar, but nonadaptive, computerized training or commercially available videogames.(30,31,34,64-68) Accordingly, we did not use an active control group in our study because it would not Table 3.”
Weiland, C., Barata, M. C., & Yoshikawa, H. (2013) · Infant and Child Development · doi:10.1002/icd.1829 · Cited by 189
Working Memory and Reading Difficulties: What We Know and What We Don’t Know About the Relationship
Savage, R. S., Lavers, N., & Pillay, V. (2006) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-006-9024-1 · Cited by 190
Effects of working memory training on functional connectivity and cerebral blood flow during rest
Takeuchi, H., Taki, Y., Nouchi, R., Hashizume, H., Sekiguchi, A., Kotozaki, Y., Nakagawa, S., Miyauchi, C. M., Sassa, Y., & Kawashima, R. (2013) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2012.09.007 · Cited by 162
“…almost all imaging studies of cognitive training (Dahlin et al., 2008; McNab et al., 2009; Olesen et al., 2004; Takeuchi et al., 2010a, 2011b; Westerberg et al., 2004), while an active control group has been widely used in psychological studies of cognitive training (Klingberg et al., 2005, 2002).”
Takeuchi, H., Taki, Y., Sassa, Y., Hashizume, H., Sekiguchi, A., Fukushima, A., & Kawashima, R. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0023175 · Cited by 175
“On the other hand, WM training is associated with increased performance for an attention task and the improvement of ADHD symptoms [3,35,47].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialKesler, S. R., Lacayo, N. J., & Jo, B. (2010) · Brain Injury · doi:10.3109/02699052.2010.536194 · Cited by 176
“Six tasks were presented during each session: (1) Spatial Speed Match (working memory): based on the classic n-back working memory paradigm used in previous studies [22, 35, 59], this task involved the presentation of a series of three circles in a pyramid formation with one circle being coloured blue.”
MethodCastellanos-Ryan, N., Rubia, K., & Conrod, P. J. (2011) · Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01331.x · Cited by 152
Cognitive and neural plasticity in aging: General and task-specific limitations
Jones, S., Nyberg, L. H., Sandblom, J., Neely, A. S., Ingvar, M., Petersson, K. M., & Bäckman, L. (2006) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2006.06.012 · Cited by 165
“…deficit, it is of considerable interest to examine whether process-based (frontal-lobe) training will lead to enhanced cognitive performance in old age, as has been demonstrated with young adults (Olesen et al., 2004) as well as in children with cognitive deficits (Klingberg et al., 2002).”
Backgroundvan der Oord, S., Ponsioen, A. J. G. B., Geurts, H. M., Brink, E. L. T., & Prins, P. J. M. (2014) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054712453167 · Cited by 148
“In most WM treatment studies to date, the selected samples often are nonclinical (Holmes, Gathercole & Dunning, 2009; Klingberg et al., 2002; Klingberg et al., 2005; Thorell et al., 2009), do not have comorbidity (Klingberg et al., 2005), and/or have no medication history (Klingberg et al., 2005).”
BackgroundPosner, M. I. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.12.040 · Cited by 151
“Several training studies have shown improved executive attention function and changes in brain activity using various practice oriented methods of training (Klingberg et al., 2002; Klingberg, 2011) and training methods designed to change the brain state (see Tang and Posner (2009)).”
von Rhein, D. T., Mennes, M., van Ewijk, H., Groenman, A. P., Zwiers, M. P., Oosterlaan, J., Heslenfeld, D. J., Franke, B., Hoekstra, P. J., Faraone, S. V., et al. (2014) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-014-0573-4 · Cited by 150
“A scanning session included two anatomical T1 scans, a diffusion tensor imaging scan (DTI), a resting state functional MRI (RFMRI) scan, and three functional imaging tasks including a visual working memory task [79, 80], a stop signal reaction task [78] and a monetary incentive delay (MID) task [87].”
BackgroundMethodWeicker, J., Villringer, A., & Thöne-Otto, A. (2016) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/neu0000227 · Cited by 147
Videogames and Young People with Developmental Disorders
Durkin, K. (2010) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0019438 · Cited by 161
“Each of the disorders has identifiable subtypes (e.g., the predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, predominantly inattentive, and combined subtypes of ADHD, Barkley, 2006, or the receptive, expressive, combined subtypes of SLI; see Bishop, 1997, and Leonard, 1998, for fuller reviews of these and additional categories).”
BackgroundInfluentialOn the impacts of working memory training on executive functioning
Salminen, T., Strobach, T., & Schubert, T. (2012) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2012.00166 · Cited by 148
“Moreover, WM training seems to be effective for different participant groups, including young adults (Klingberg et al., 2002; Dahlin et al., 2008a; Jaeggi et al., 2008, 2010; Chein and Morrison, 2010), older adults (Schmiedek et al., 2010; Richmond et al., 2011), stroke patients (Westerberg et al., 2007), children wit…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialKelly, C. A. M., Foxe, J. J., & Garavan, H. (2006) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2006.08.333 · Cited by 154
Few Effects of Far Transfer of Working Memory Training in ADHD: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Egeland, J., Aarlien, A. K., & Saunes, B.-K. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0075660 · Cited by 163
“Two previous studies have included a mixture of medicated and unmedicated subjects [8,25].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialBigorra, A., Garolera, M., Guijarro, S., & Amaia Hervas, G. (2015) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-015-0804-3 · Cited by 157
Working memory training in young children with ADHD : a randomized placebo‐controlled trial
van Dongen‐Boomsma, M., Vollebregt, M. A., Buitelaar, J. K., & Slaats‐Willemse, D. (2014) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12218 · Cited by 142
Effects of Training of Processing Speed on Neural Systems
Takeuchi, H., Taki, Y., Hashizume, H., Sassa, Y., Nagase, T., Nouchi, R., & Kawashima, R. (2011) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2948-11.2011 · Cited by 153
“…of the intervention training was our primary interest, in our behavioral analysis, test–retest changes in the group of interest were compared to test–retest changes in the control group using one-tailed tests ( p 0.05), as was performed in the previous studies (Klingberg et al., 2002, 2005).”
MethodInfluentialExecutive function deficits in children born preterm or at low birthweight: a meta‐analysis
van Houdt, C. A., Oosterlaan, J., Leemhuis, A. G., van Kaam, A. H., & Aarnoudse-Moens, C. S. H. (2019) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1111/dmcn.14213 · Cited by 163
Hörzer, G. M., Legenstein, R. A., & Maass, W. (2012) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhs348 · Cited by 143
“Repeated training of working memory tasks can improve performance (Klingberg et al. 2002) and this improvement can transfer to tasks that were not a part of the training program (Klingberg 2010).”
The role of attention control in complex real-world tasks
Draheim, C., Pak, R., Draheim, A. A., & Engle, R. W. (2022) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-021-02052-2 · Cited by 172
New times, new needs; e-epidemiology
Ekman, A., & Litton, J. (2007) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-007-9119-0 · Cited by 139
“Litton performed a pilot study (unpublished data) aiming at investigating the memory capacity among the elderly [19, 20].”
BackgroundSelf-regulation: Brain, cognition, and development.
Berger, A. (2011) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/12327-000 · Cited by 150
Monitoring, metacognition, and executive function
Lyons, K. E., & Zelazo, P. D. (2011) · Advances in child development and behavior · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-386491-8.00010-4 · Cited by 152
Cognitive rehabilitation for children with acquired brain injury
Slomine, B. S., & Locascio, G. (2009) · Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews · doi:10.1002/ddrr.56 · Cited by 135
Bürki, C. N., Ludwig, C., Chicherio, C., & de Ribaupierre, A. (2014) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-014-0559-3 · Cited by 131
“WM training was found to induce near- and fartransfer effects in children (Klingberg et al. 2005; Klingberg et al. 2002), younger adults (Jaeggi et al.”
Training working memory in kindergarten children: Effects on working memory and early numeracy
Kroesbergen, E. H., Noordende, J. E. V. '., & Kolkman, M. E. (2012) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297049.2012.736483 · Cited by 131
Peijnenborgh, J., Hurks, P. P. M., Aldenkamp, A. P., Vles, J. S. H., & Hendriksen, J. G. M. (2015) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602011.2015.1026356 · Cited by 147
“Melby-Lervag and Hulme (2013), as well as two other reviews, claim that it is too early to draw conclusions on the potential efficacy of WM training (Jaeggi, Buschkuehl, Jonides, & Shah, 2011; Melby-Lervag & Hulme, 2013; Shipstead, Redick, & Engle, 2012).”
BackgroundChacko, A., Feirsen, N., Bedard, A.-C., Marks, D., Uderman, J. Z., & Chimiklis, A. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2013.787622 · Cited by 128
“Three additional studies support the efficacy of CWMT but were not considered to contribute to the determination of EBT status because these studies did not utilize ADHD-symptom outcomes (Holmes et al., 2010; Klingberg et al., 2002) or did not include youth with a formal diagnosis of ADHD (Mezzacappa & Buckner, 2010).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSöderqvist, S., Nutley, S. B., Ottersen, J., Grill, K. M., & Klingberg, T. (2012) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2012.00271 · Cited by 127
“…2004; Jaeggi et al., 2008; Thorell et al., 2009; Bergman Nutley et al., 2011) and in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (Klingberg et al., 2002, 2005; Beck et al., 2010; Holmes et al., 2010; Mezzacappa and Buckner, 2010) children born preterm (Lohaugen et al., 2011) and…”
InfluentialSelf-citationVive les differences! Individual variation in neural mechanisms of executive control
Braver, T. S., Cole, M. W., & Yarkoni, T. (2010) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2010.03.002 · Cited by 130
Strenziok, M., Parasuraman, R., Clarke, E., Cisler, D., Thompson, J. C., & Greenwood, P. M. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.07.069 · Cited by 136
“Nevertheless, several investigators have recently shown far transfer in young people from working memory training to fluid ability, measured by the Raven's ProgressiveMatrices (Jaeggi et al., 2008, 2010, 2011; Klingberg et al., 2002, 2005).”
BackgroundMechanisms underlying training-induced cognitive change
von Bastian, C. C., Belleville, S., Udale, R. C., Reinhartz, A., Essounni, M., & Strobach, T. (2022) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-021-00001-3 · Cited by 147
The cognitive and academic benefits of Cogmed: A meta-analysis
Aksayli, N. D., Sala, G., & Gobet, F. (2019) · Educational Research Review · doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2019.04.003 · Cited by 123
Hill, N. M., & Schneider, W. (2006) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511816796.037 · Cited by 134
Trait and State Differences in Working Memory Capacity
Ilkowska, M., & Engle, R. W. (2010) · Plenum series on human exceptionality · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1210-7_18 · Cited by 137
Training and transfer effects in task switching
Minear, M. E., & Shah, P. (2008) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/mc.336.8.1470 · Cited by 127
“…only adds to our understanding of the different processes involved in task switching, but also adds to a small but growing literature of studies demonstrating transferable improvement in executive processes (Bherer et al., 2005; Dowsett & Livesey, 2000; Klingberg et al., 2002; Kramer et al., 1995).”
Does Strategic Memory Training Improve the Working Memory Performance of Younger and Older Adults?
Carretti, B., Borella, E., & De Beni, R. (2007) · Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1027/1618-3169.54.4.311 · Cited by 127
Cognitive fatigue of executive processes: Interaction between interference resolution tasks
Persson, J., Welsh, K. M., Jonides, J., & Reuter‐Lorenz, P. A. (2007) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.12.007 · Cited by 133
Preliminary data suggesting the efficacy of attention training for school-aged children with ADHD
Tamm, L., Epstein, J. N., Peugh, J., Nakonezny, P. A., & Hughes, C. W. (2012) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2012.11.004 · Cited by 124
Toplak, M. E., Connors, L., Shuster, J., Knezevic, B., & Parks, S. (2008) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2007.10.008 · Cited by 123
“Four of these studies used fixation or attentional training (Karatekin, 2006; O' Connell, Bellgrove, Dockree, & Robertson, 2006; Rapport et al., 1996) and two of these studies involved training working memory (Klingberg, & Forssberg, 2002; Klingberg et al., 2005).”
InfluentialWorking memory performance and executive function behaviors in young children with SLI
Vugs, B., Hendriks, M. P. H., Cuperus, J. M., & Verhoeven, L. T. W. (2013) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2013.10.022 · Cited by 138
Executive function deficits in congenital heart disease: why is intervention important?
Calderon, J., & Bellinger, D. C. (2015) · Cardiology in the Young · doi:10.1017/s1047951115001134 · Cited by 122
“Improved performance after the use of Cogmed and other similar computerised working memory programs has been reported not only for the executive skills on which training is provided but also for the multi-modal non-trained skills.(57,58,55,56) The use of intensive computerised programs in children has also been associ…”
MethodTsai, C. (2009) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2009.05.001 · Cited by 122
Genes and experience in the development of executive attention and effortful control
Rothbart, M. K., & Posner, M. I. (2005) · New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development · doi:10.1002/cd.142 · Cited by 122
“We did no training of IQ, and the exercises in the K-BIT did not resemble any of the training tasks, yet in our studies and in related findings with older children (Klingberg et al., 2002) significant improvement in IQ was found.”
ResultWhen are fluid intelligence and working memory isomorphic and when are they not?
Chuderski, A. (2013) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2013.04.003 · Cited by 120
Løhaugen, G. C. C., Antonsen, I. K., Haberg, A. K., Gramstad, A., Vik, T., Brubakk, A., & Skranes, J. S. (2010) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.09.060 · Cited by 131
de Wilde, A., Koot, H. M., & van Lier, P. A. C. (2015) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-015-0053-4 · Cited by 139
“Indeed, although generally seen as a trait, working memory has proven malleable, particularly in younger children (Klingberg et al. 2005; Klingberg et al. 2002a, 2002b), and develops until young adulthood (Gathercole et al. 2004; Riggs et al. 2006).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialHouben, K., Dassen, F. C. M., & Jansen, A. T. M. (2016) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2016.06.029 · Cited by 125
“In the control condition, the difficulty level of the WM tasks remained on the initial easy level (three items in a sequence; cf. Houben et al., 2011; Klingberg et al., 2002).”
Alderson, R. M., Rapport, M. D., Hudec, K. L., Sarver, D. E., & Kofler, M. J. (2010) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-010-9387-0 · Cited by 117
“For example, initial efforts aimed at promoting working memory function in children with ADHD reported corresponding reduced motor activity (Klingberg et al. 2002).”
The developing brain in a multitasking world
Rothbart, M. K., & Posner, M. I. (2015) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2014.12.006 · Cited by 126
Working Memory, Strategy Knowledge, and Strategy Instruction in Children With Reading Disabilities
Swanson, H. L., Kehler, P., & Jerman, O. (2009) · Journal of Learning Disabilities · doi:10.1177/0022219409338743 · Cited by 121
“For example, Klingberg et al. (2002) found that WM training with ADHD children generalized to measures of fluid intelligence.”
BackgroundCogmed WM training: Reviewing the reviews
Shinaver, C. S., Entwistle, P. C., & Söderqvist, S. (2014) · Applied Neuropsychology Child · doi:10.1080/21622965.2013.875314 · Cited by 115
“…& Klingberg, 2004), children with ADHD (Beck, Hanson, Puffenberger, Benninger, & Benninger, 2010; Green et al., 2012; Holmes et al., 2010; Klingberg et al., 2002, 2005; Mezzacappa & Buckner, 2010), children with poor WM (Holmes, Gathercole, & Dunning, 2009), children with cochlear…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialMcKendrick, R. D., Ayaz, H., Olmstead, R., & Parasuraman, R. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.103 · Cited by 119
“Furthermore linear mixed effects models allow for time to be modeled as a continuous variable, therefore temporal change can also be modeled nonlinearly (Baayen et al., 2008; Krueger and Tian, 2004; Laird and Ware, 1982).”
Educating the Developing Mind: Towards an Overarching Paradigm
Δημητρίου, Α., Spanoudis, G. C., & Mouyi, A. (2011) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-011-9178-3 · Cited by 129
“An increasing number of studies tried to improve intelligence by training addressed directly to the various aspects of working memory, attention, and executive control (Buschkuehl and Jaeggi 2010; Jaeggi et al. 2008; Klingberg et al. 2002; Posner and Rothbart 2006; Thorell et al. 2009).”
BackgroundWorking memory, learning, and academic achievement.
Swanson, H. L., & Alloway, T. P. (2012) · APA educational psychology handbook, Vol 1: Theories, constructs, and critical issues. · doi:10.1037/13273-012 · Cited by 118
Origins of altered reinforcement effects in ADHD
Johansen, E., Killeen, P. R., Russell, V. A., Tripp, G., Wickens, J. R., Tannock, R., Williams, J., & Sagvolden, T. (2009) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-5-7 · Cited by 108
Hooft, I. V., Andersson, K., Bergman, B., Sejersen, T., von Wendt, L., & Bartfai, A. (2005) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/02699050400025224 · Cited by 111
“[21] showed enhanced performance on trained tasks with intensive computerized training for working memory in a controlled study on children with ADHD.”
BackgroundNeurocognitive training for children with and without AD/HD
Johnstone, S. J., Roodenrys, S., Blackman, R., Johnston, E., Loveday, K., Mantz, S., & Barratt, M. F. (2012) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-011-0069-8 · Cited by 109
“Specific to AD/HD, it has been shown that computerised WM training can improve WM and task-based IC, verbal WM and complex reasoning as well as behaviour (Klingberg et al. 2002), with continued benefits at 3-month follow-up (Klingberg et al.”
BackgroundResultGajewski, P. D., & Falkenstein, M. (2012) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2012.00130 · Cited by 114
“A second possibility to enhance cognitive functions in aging is formal cognitive training that focuses either on one domain only, for example memory (Klingberg et al., 2002; Jaeggi et al., 2008), attention (Green and Bavelier, 2003), visual search (Becic et al., 2008), dual task (Bherer et al.,…”
BackgroundExecutive Function and IQ Predict Mathematical and Attention Problems in Very Preterm Children
Aarnoudse-Moens, C. S. H., Weisglas‐Kuperus, N., Duivenvoorden, H. J., van Goudoever, J. B., & Oosterlaan, J. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055994 · Cited by 120
“Intervention techniques proven to have significant effects include computerized cognitive training programs[80–83] EF has also been shown to be highly sensitive to effects of methylphenidate.”
BackgroundImproving intelligence: a literature review
Buschkuehl, M., & Jaeggi, S. (2010) · Swiss Medical Weekly · doi:10.4414/smw.2010.12852 · Cited by 109
Russell, V. A. (2003) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2003.08.010 · Cited by 107
Kadri, A., Slimani, M., Bragazzi, N. L., Tod, D., & Azaiez, F. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16020204 · Cited by 127
Buzy, W. M., Medoff, D. R., & Schweitzer, J. B. (2009) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297040802646991 · Cited by 108
“Finally, our results may have implications for ADHD treatment in light of the WM training effects cited by Klingberg and colleagues (2005 , 2002 ).”
ResultThe impact of bilingualism on executive functions and working memory in young adults
Antón, E., Carreiras, M., & Duñabeitia, J. A. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0206770 · Cited by 126
Enge, S., Behnke, A., Fleischhauer, M., Küttler, L., Kliegel, M., & Strobel, A. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition · doi:10.1037/a0036165 · Cited by 102
Fragile X Syndrome and Targeted Treatment Trials
Hagerman, R. J., Lauterborn, J. C., Au, J., & Berry‐Kravis, E. (2011) · Results and problems in cell differentiation · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-21649-7_17 · Cited by 111
“…in WM could therefore register improvements in cognitive domains, such as attention and focus, and the use of Cogmed in populations with ADHD has been well documented, with parents and teachers reporting reductions of symptoms postintervention (Klingberg et al. 2002, 2005; Beck et al. 2010).”
Cognitive Training Program to Improve Working Memory in Older Adults with MCI
Hyer, L. A., Scott, C. V., Atkinson, M. M., Mullen, C. M., Lee, A., Johnson, J. A., & McKenzie, L. (2015) · Clinical Gerontologist · doi:10.1080/07317115.2015.1120257 · Cited by 121
Working Memory Training Improves Cognitive Function in VLBW Preschoolers
Grunewaldt, K. H., Løhaugen, G. C. C., Austeng, D., Brubakk, A., & Skranes, J. S. (2013) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2012-1965 · Cited by 113
Dynamics of the human structural connectome underlying working memory training
Caeyenberghs, K., Metzler-Baddeley, C., Foley, S., & Jones, D. K. (2016) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1973-15.2016 · Cited by 91
Stepankova, H., Lukavsky, J., Buschkuehl, M., Kopecek, M., Ripova, D., & Jaeggi, S. M. (2014) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0034913 · Cited by 101
“…Buschkuehl et al., 2008; Chein & Morrison, 2010; Jaeggi, Buschkuehl, Jonides, & Shah, 2011; Jaeggi et al., 2008, 2010b; Klingberg et al., 2005; Klingberg, Forssberg, & Westerberg, 2002; Loosli, Buschkuehl, Perrig, & Jaeggi, 2012; Richmond, Morrison, Chein, & Olson, 2011), and in some of those…”
Effects of working memory training in young and old adults
von Bastian, C. C., Langer, N., Jäncke, L., & Oberauer, K. (2012) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-012-0280-7 · Cited by 120
An ecological approach to cognitive enhancement: Complex motor training
Moreau, D., Morrison, A. B., & Conway, A. R. A. (2015) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2015.02.007 · Cited by 115
Cognitive enhancers for the treatment of ADHD
Bidwell, L. C., McClernon, F. J., & Kollins, S. H. (2011) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2011.05.002 · Cited by 104
“Progressive Matrices, a putative measure of generalized nonverbal cognitive functioning (Klingberg et al., 2002).”
BackgroundTumours of the urinary bladder.
Pamukcu, A. M. (1974) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 102
Brain enhancement through cognitive training: a new insight from brain connectome
Taya, F., Sun, Y., Babiloni, F., Thakor, N. V., & Bezerianos, A. (2015) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2015.00044 · Cited by 116
“In fact, several studies have shown the possibility of such far transfer of practice effect beyond taskspecific performance (Klingberg et al., 2002), although its generality remains controversial (Colom et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialWoodcock, K. A., Oliver, C., & Humphreys, G. W. (2009) · Cognitive Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/02643290802685921 · Cited by 106
“A similar approach has been used successfully in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) showing that training in working memory has had a positive influence on behaviour (Klingberg, Forssberg, & Westerberg, 2002 ).”
Tsai, C., Wang, C., & Tseng, Y. (2012) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2012.02.004 · Cited by 106
Berwid, O. G., & Halperin, J. M. (2012) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-012-0297-4 · Cited by 113
García-Madruga, J. A., de Juan, M. R. E., Gil, L., Veiga, I. G., Chaves, J. Ó. V., Villar, I. O., Felipe, A. C., Rodríguez‐Fernández, R., Melero, M. A., & de Blas, G. D. (2013) · Reading Research Quarterly · doi:10.1002/rrq.44 · Cited by 108
“As mentioned previously, this confirms other similar results found by diverse authors in students with and without ADHD (Klingberg et al., 2002; Rueda, Posner, & Rothbart, 2005; Rueda, Rothbart, et al., 2005), young adults (Jaeggi et al.”
ResultKray, J., Karbach, J., Haenig, S., & Freitag, C. (2012) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2011.00180 · Cited by 97
“On the basis of previous results showing near and far transfer effects of WM and attentional control training in children with ADHD (Klingberg et al., 2002, 2005; Shalev et al., 2007) as well as near and far transfer effects of task-switching training in healthy young children (Karbach and Kray,…”
InfluentialTraining working memory: Limits of transfer
Sprenger, A. M., Atkins, S. M., Bolger, D. J., Harbison, J. I., Novick, J. M., Chrabaszcz, J. S., Weems, S. A., Smith, V., Bobb, S., Bunting, M. F., et al. (2013) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2013.07.013 · Cited by 96
“Likewise, in Klingberg, Forssberg, and Westerberg (2002), Klingberg et al. (2005) and also Olesen et al. (2004), participants trained on only three different tasks.”
Rass, O., Schacht, R. L., Buckheit, K. A., Johnson, M. W., Strain, E. C., & Mintzer, M. Z. (2015) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.08.012 · Cited by 108
Video Games for Children and Adolescents With Special Educational Needs
Durkin, K., Boyle, J. M. E., Hunter, S. C., & Conti‐Ramsden, G. (2013) · Zeitschrift für Psychologie · doi:10.1027/2151-2604/a000138 · Cited by 104
Long-term Outcomes of Acute Encephalitis in Childhood
Fowler, Å., Stödberg, T., Eriksson, M. K., & Wickström, R. (2010) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2009-3188 · Cited by 98
Metadata
- Authors
- Klingberg, T., Forssberg, H., & Westerberg, H.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2002-09
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 781-791
- ISSN
- 0165-0475 (ISSN-L)
- 1380-3395
- 1744-411X
- OpenAlex
- W2163254754
- Semantic Scholar
- 249861f2f06d32f1a763a5afb883bad83639a164
- Cited by
- 1,225
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 75 · 2018: 62 · 2017: 79 · 2016: 75 · 2015: 98 · 2014: 84 · 2013: 91 · 2012: 90
- FWCI
- 8.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- working memory training, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, children, adaptive training, transfer of training, visuospatial working memory, Raven's Progressive Matrices, nonverbal reasoning, prefrontal cortex, motor activity, head movement
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Cognition, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Neuropsychological Tests, Task Performance and Analysis, Treatment Outcome
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