Effect of the pattern of food intake on human energy metabolism
Open accessAbstract
The pattern of food intake can affect the regulation of body weight and lipogenesis. We studied the effect of meal frequency on human energy expenditure (EE) and its components. During 1 week ten male adults (age 25–61 years, body mass index 20·7–30·4 kg/m 2) were fed to energy balance at two meals/d (gorging pattern) and during another week at seven meals/d (nibbling pattern). For the first 6 d of each week the food was provided at home, followed by a 36 h stay in a respiration chamber. O 2 consumption and CO 2 production (and hence EE) were calculated over 24 h. EE in free-living conditions was measured over the 2 weeks with doubly-labelled water (average daily metabolic rate, ADMR). The three major components of ADMR are basal metabolic rate (BMR), diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) and EE for physical activity (ACT). There was no significant effect of meal frequency on 24 h EE or ADMR. Furthermore, BMR and ACT did not differ between the two patterns. DIT was significantly elevated in the gorging pattern, but this effect was neutralized by correction for the relevant time interval. With the method used for determination of DIT no significant effect of meal frequency on the contribution of DIT to ADMR could be demonstrated.
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There appears to be no association between meal frequency and total energy expenditure.
“There appears to be no association between meal frequency and total energy expenditure (EE; 14 -17)”
From Beneficial metabolic effects of regular meal frequency on dietary thermogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and fasting lipid profiles in healthy obese women1–3 (2005) · cites this paper as [17]
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- Authors
- Verboeket-Van De Venne, W. P. H. G., Westerterp, K. R., & Kester, A. D. M.
- Affiliations
- Maastricht University (NL)
- ORCID
- Westerterp, Klaas R.
- Venue
- British Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 1993-07
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 103-115
- ISSN
- 0007-1145 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-2662
- OpenAlex
- W2171397838
- Cited by
- 79
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- British Journal Of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Keywords
- meal frequency, dietary habits, energy expenditure, basal metabolic rate, diet-induced thermogenesis, physical activity energy expenditure, nibbling, energy balance, body weight regulation, lipogenesis, oxygen consumption, CO2 emissions
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Body Composition, Body Temperature Regulation, Body Weight, Energy Intake, Circadian Rhythm, Energy Metabolism, Physical Exertion, Feeding Behavior, Humans, Male, Middle Aged
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