Using temporal distancing to regulate emotion in adolescence: modulation by reactive aggression
Open accessAbstract
Adopting a temporally distant perspective on stressors reduces distress in adults. Here we investigate whether the extent to which individuals project themselves into the future influences distancing efficacy. We also examined modulating effects of age across adolescence and reactive aggression: factors associated with reduced future-thinking and poor emotion regulation. Participants (N = 83, aged 12-22) read scenarios and rated negative affect when adopting a distant-future perspective, near-future perspective, or when reacting naturally. Self-report data revealed significant downregulation of negative affect during the distant-future condition, with a similar though non-significant skin conductance pattern. Importantly, participants who projected further ahead showed the greatest distress reductions. While temporal distancing efficacy did not vary with age, participants reporting greater reactive aggression showed reduced distancing efficacy, and projected themselves less far into the future. Findings demonstrate the importance of temporal extent in effective temporal distancing; shedding light on a potential mechanism for poor emotional control associated with reactive aggression.
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Laboratory-based experimental studies with children and adolescents indicate that adopting a decentered perspective dampens emotional reactivity towards aversive stimuli, as shown by decreased negative affect, reduced believability of inner events, lower aggressive behaviors, and shorter emotional episodes.
“First, laboratory-based experimental studies with children and adolescents indicate that adopting a decentered perspective (e.g. instructions to adopt a third-person perspective or re-perceive events ‘as if watching themselves in a movie’) dampens emotional reactivity towards aversive stimuli.”
From Decentering as a core component in the psychological treatment and prevention of youth anxiety and depression: a narrative review and insight report (2021) · cites this paper as [64]
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- Authors
- Ahmed, S. P., Somerville, L. H., & Sebastian, C. L.
- Affiliations
- University of London (GB)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sebastian, C. L.
- Venue
- Cognition and Emotion
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2017-08-17
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 812-826
- ISSN
- 0269-9931 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-0600
- OpenAlex
- W2746276034
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 3.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cognition & Emotion (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- American Psychological Association
- Young Investigator Prize for Understanding the Human Mind
- Economic and Social Research Council (ES/K008951/1)
- Experimental Psychology Society
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychological and Temporal Perspectives Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- emotion regulation, reactive aggression, adolescence, future thinking, negative affect, skin conductance, age differences, stressors, emotional control
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Age Factors, Aggression, Child, Emotions, Female, Humans, Male, Time Perception, Young Adult, Self Report
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