Effects of Whey Protein and Resistance Exercise on Body Composition: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Miller, Paige E.; Alexander, Dominik D.; Perez, Vanessa

doi:10.1080/07315724.2013.875365

Cited by 122Muscle metabolism and nutritionNutrition and Health in AgingBody Composition Measurement Techniques

Effects of Whey Protein and Resistance Exercise on Body Composition: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Miller, Paige E., Alexander, Dominik D., Perez, Vanessa·2014·Journal of the American College of Nutrition

DOI 10.1080/07315724.2013.875365

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: The objective of the present meta-analysis was to examine the effect of whey protein (WP), with or without resistance exercise, on body weight and body composition in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in generally healthy adult study populations. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify RCTs that investigated WP (concentrate, isolate, or hydrolystate) and body weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat, lean body mass (LBM), fat-free mass (FFM), and waist circumference. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to generate weighted group mean differences (WGMD) for between-group comparisons (WP vs other protein sources or carbohydrates) and within-WP group comparisons (i.e., differences from baseline to trial end). Studies were classified into 2 distinct groups-WP as a supplement without dietary modification (WPS) and WP as a replacement for other sources of calories (WPR)-and were meta-analyzed separately. Subgroup analyses included examining the effect of resistance exercise and type of WP on the relationship between WP and body composition. RESULTS: Fourteen RCTs were included, with a total of 626 adult study completers. Five studies examined the effects of WPR and the remaining 9 studies examined the effects of WPS. Body weight (WGMD: -4.20 kg, 95% confidence interval [CI], -7.67, -0.73) and body fat (WGMD: -3.74 kg, 95% CI, -5.98, -1.50) were significantly decreased from baseline in the WPR within-group analyses. In the between-group analyses, the effects of WP were more favorable when compared with carbohydrates than protein sources other than whey, although findings did not reach statistical significance. Results from the subgroup analyses indicated a statistically significant increase in LBM (WGMD: 2.24 kg, 95% CI, 0.66, 3.81) among studies that included a resistance exercise component along with WP provision. CONCLUSION: The current body of literature supports the use of WP, either as a supplement combined with resistance exercise or as part of a weight loss or weight maintenance diet, to improve body composition parameters.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/07315724.2013.875365

Cites

45 of 45 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The lack of agreement on the efficacy of protein supplementation is likely due to divergent study inclusion criteria and inclusion of subjects with differing ages, training statuses, total protein intakes, protein sources and protein doses.
“This lack of agreement on the efficacy of protein supplementation6–12 is likely due to the use of divergent study inclusion criteria and inclusion of subjects with differing: ages, training statuses, total protein intakes, protein sources and protein doses.”
From A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of protein supplementation on resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass and strength in healthy adults (2018) · cites this paper as [12]
Previous systematic reviews found nonsignificant effects on changes in muscle mass in response to protein supplementation plus muscle-strengthening exercise (PS + MSE) for elderly adults who were mostly healthy or not frail.
“Previous systemic reviews have shown nonsignificant effects on changes in muscle mass [20,69], muscle strength [20], and physical mobility [19] in response to PS + MSE for elderly adults who mostly were healthy or not frail.”
From The Role of Muscle Mass Gain Following Protein Supplementation Plus Exercise Therapy in Older Adults with Sarcopenia and Frailty Risks: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis of Randomized Trials (2019) · cites this paper as [69]
Previous systematic reviews have demonstrated nonsignificant effects on changes in body weight, muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical mobility in response to PS plus RET among older adults who mostly were healthy or nonfrail.
“Previous systematic reviews have demonstrated nonsignificant effects on changes in body weight [21,71,87], muscle mass [19,87], muscle strength [19], and physical mobility [20] in response to PS plus RET among older adults who mostly were healthy or nonfrail.”
From Effects of Protein Supplementation Combined with Exercise Intervention on Frailty Indices, Body Composition, and Physical Function in Frail Older Adults (2018) · cites this paper as [87]

Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions: Cochrane Book Series
(2008) · doi:10.1002/9780470712184 · Cited by 25,048 · see citing works
Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.0.1. The Cochrane Collaboration
Higgins, J., Green, S. R., & Higgins, J. (2008) · Cited by 5,544 · see citing works
Development of AMSTAR: A measurement tool to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews
Shea, B. J., Grimshaw, J. M., Wells, G. A., Boers, M., Andersson, N., Hamel, C., Porter, A. C., Tugwell, P., Moher, D., & Bouter, L. M. (2007) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-7-10 · Cited by 4,374 · see citing works
Publication Bias in Meta‐Analysis: Prevention, Assessment and Adjustments
(2005) · doi:10.1002/0470870168 · Cited by 2,368 · see citing works
Casein and whey exert different effects on plasma amino acid profiles, gastrointestinal hormone secretion and appetite
Hall, W. L., Millward, D. J., Long, S. J., & Morgan, L. (2003) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn2002760 · Cited by 735 · see citing works
Effects of energy-restricted high-protein, low-fat compared with standard-protein, low-fat diets: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Wycherley, T. P., Moran, L. J., Clifton, P. M., Noakes, M., & Brinkworth, G. D. (2012) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.112.044321 · Cited by 606 · see citing works
Effect of an energy-restricted, high-protein, low-fat diet relative to a conventional high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet on weight loss, body composition, nutritional status, and markers of cardiovascular health in obese women
Noakes, M., Keogh, J. B., Foster, P. R., & Clifton, P. M. (2005) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/81.6.1298 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Relationship of fruit and vegetable intake with adiposity: a systematic review
Ledoux, T. A., Hingle, M. D., & Baranowski, T. (2010) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2010.00786.x · Cited by 452 · see citing works
Leucine-enriched essential amino acid and carbohydrate ingestion following resistance exercise enhances mTOR signaling and protein synthesis in human muscle
Dreyer, H. C., Drummond, M. J., Pennings, B., Fujita, S., Glynn, E. L., Chinkes, D. L., Dhanani, S., Volpi, E., & Rasmussen, B. B. (2008) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00582.2007 · Cited by 447 · see citing works
Effects of Dietary Composition on Energy Expenditure During Weight-Loss Maintenance
Ebbeling, C. B., Swain, J. F., Feldman, H. A., Wong, W. W., Hachey, D. L., Garcia-Lago, E., & Ludwig, D. S. (2012) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2012.6607 · Cited by 431 · see citing works
The Rate of Protein Digestion affects Protein Gain Differently during Aging in Humans
Dangin, M., Guillet, C., Garcia‐Rodenas, C., Gachon, P., Bouteloup‐Demange, C., Reiffers‐Magnani, K., Fauquant, J., Ballèvre, O., & Beaufrère, B. (2003) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2002.036897 · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Systematic review of randomized controlled trials of low‐carbohydrate vs. low‐fat/low‐calorie diets in the management of obesity and its comorbidities
Hession, M., Rolland, C., Kulkarni, U., Wise, A., & Broom, J. I. (2008) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2008.00518.x · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Exercise training and protein metabolism: influences of contraction, protein intake, and sex-based differences
Burd, N. A., Tang, J. E., Moore, D. R., & Phillips, S. M. (2009) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.91351.2008 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Supplementation of a suboptimal protein dose with leucine or essential amino acids: effects on myofibrillar protein synthesis at rest and following resistance exercise in men
Churchward‐Venne, T. A., Burd, N. A., Mitchell, C. J., West, D. W. D., Philp, A., Marcotte, G. R., Baker, S. K., Baar, K., & Phillips, S. M. (2012) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2012.228833 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Influence of the Protein Digestion Rate on Protein Turnover in Young and Elderly Subjects
Dangin, M., Boirie, Y., Guillet, C., & Beaufrère, B. (2002) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/131.10.3228s · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Energy Intake, Ghrelin, and Cholecystokinin after Different Carbohydrate and Protein Preloads in Overweight Men
Bowen, J., Noakes, M., Trenerry, C., & Clifton, P. M. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2005-1856 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Effects of dairy intake on body weight and fat: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Chen, M., Pan, A., Malik, V. S., & Hu, F. B. (2012) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.112.037119 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
New functions for amino acids: effects on gene transcription and translation
Kimball, S. R., & Jefferson, L. S. (2006) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/83.2.500s · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Effects of whey protein isolate on body composition, lipids, insulin and glucose in overweight and obese individuals
Pal, S., Ellis, V., & Dhaliwal, S. S. (2010) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114510000991 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Protein Source, Quantity, and Time of Consumption Determine the Effect of Proteins on Short-Term Food Intake in Young Men
Anderson, G. H., Tecimer, S. N., Shah, D., & Zafar, T. A. (2004) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/134.11.3011 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Improving the Use of Research Evidence in Guideline Development
Oxman, A. D., Schünemann, H. J., Fretheim, A., Boyd, E. A., Bero, L. A., & Edejer, T. T.-T. (2007) · BIBSYS Brage (BIBSYS (Norway)) · Cited by 259 · see citing works
The Role of Milk- and Soy-Based Protein in Support of Muscle Protein Synthesis and Muscle Protein Accretion in Young and Elderly Persons
Phillips, S. M., Tang, J. E., & Moore, D. R. (2009) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2009.10718096 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
The Effect of Whey Protein Supplementation with and Without Creatine Monohydrate Combined with Resistance Training on Lean Tissue Mass and Muscle Strength
Burke, D. G., Chilibeck, P. D., Davison, K. S., Candow, D. C., Farthing, J., & Smith-Palmer, T. (2001) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.11.3.349 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Cochrane Collaboration
(2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-5614-7_434 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Maximizing muscle protein anabolism: the role of protein quality
Tang, J. E., & Phillips, S. M. (2009) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0b013e32831cef75 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
The Effect of Whey Isolate and Resistance Training on Strength, Body Composition, and Plasma Glutamine
Cribb, P. J., Williams, A. D., Carey, M. F., & Hayes, A. (2006) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.16.5.494 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Associations between dairy consumption and body weight: a review of the evidence and underlying mechanisms
Dougkas, A., Reynolds, C. K., Givens, D. I., Elwood, P. C., & Minihane, A. M. (2011) · Nutrition Research Reviews · doi:10.1017/s095442241000034x · Cited by 170 · see citing works
The effect of a low-fat, high-protein or high-carbohydrate ad libitum diet on weight loss maintenance and metabolic risk factors
Claessens, M., van Baak, M. A., Monsheimer, S., & Saris, W. H. M. (2009) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2008.278 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Whey protein but not soy protein supplementation alters body weight and composition in free-living overweight and obese adults
Baer, D. J., Stote, K. S., Paul, D. R., Harris, G. K., Rumpler, W. V., & Clevidence, B. A. (2011) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.111.139840 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Effects of Whey Isolate, Creatine, and Resistance Training on Muscle Hypertrophy
CRIBB, P. J., WILLIAMS, A. D., STATHIS, C. G., CAREY, M. F., & HAYES, A. (2007) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000247002.32589.ef · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Dietary protein and resistance training effects on muscle and body composition in older persons
Campbell, W. W., & Leidy, H. J. (2007) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2007.10719650 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Application of Systematic Review Methodology to the Field of Nutrition
Lichtenstein, A. H., Yetley, E. A. D., & Lau, J. (2008) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.108.097154 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Improving the use of research evidence in guideline development: 8. Synthesis and presentation of evidence
Oxman, A. D., Schünemann, H. J., & Fretheim, A. (2006) · Health Research Policy and Systems · doi:10.1186/1478-4505-4-20 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Whole grain intake in relation to body weight: From epidemiological evidence to clinical trials
Giacco, R., Pepa, G. D., Luongo, D., & Riccardi, G. (2011) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2011.07.003 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Effect of a Hypocaloric Diet, Increased Protein Intake and Resistance Training on Lean Mass Gains and Fat Mass Loss in Overweight Police Officers
Demling, R. H., & DeSanti, L. (2000) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000012817 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
The Effects of a Higher Protein Intake During Energy Restriction on Changes in Body Composition and Physical Function in Older Women
Mojtahedi, M. C., Thorpe, M. P., Karampinos, D. C., Johnson, C. L., Layman, D. K., Georgiadis, J. G., & Evans, E. M. (2011) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glr120 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
The effect of meal replacements high in glycomacropeptide on weight loss and markers of cardiovascular disease risk
Keogh, J. B., & Clifton, P. M. (2008) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/87.6.1602 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Protein timing and its effects on muscular hypertrophy and strength in individuals engaged in weight-training
Stark, M., Lukaszuk, J. M., Prawitz, A. D., & Salacinski, A. J. (2012) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/1550-2783-9-54 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
The effects of creatine and whey protein supplementation on body composition in men aged 48 to 72 years during resistance training
Eliot, K. A., Knehans, A. W., Bemben, D. A., Witten, M. S., Carter, J., & Bemben, M. G. (2008) · The Journal of nutrition, health and aging · doi:10.1007/bf02982622 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Issues related to the conduct of systematic reviews: a focus on the nutrition field.
Moher, D., & Tricco, A. (2008) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.26255 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Resistance training with soy vs whey protein supplements in hyperlipidemic males
DeNysschen, C. A., Burton, H. W., Horvath, P. J., Leddy, J. J., & Browne, R. W. (2009) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/1550-2783-6-8 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Isoflavone-rich soy protein prevents loss of hip lean mass but does not prevent the shift in regional fat distribution in perimenopausal women
Moeller, L. E., Peterson, C. T., Hanson, K. B., Dent, S. B., Lewis, D. S., King, D. S., & Alekel, D. L. (2003) · Menopause · doi:10.1097/01.gme.0000054763.94658.fd · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Dietary Whey Protein Decreases Food Intake and Body Fat in Rats
Zhou, J., Keenan, M. J., Losso, J. N., Raggio, A. M., Shen, L., McCutcheon, K. L., Tulley, R. T., Blackman, M. R., & Martin, R. J. (2011) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2011.14 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Whey Protein Supplementation Does Not Affect Exercise Training–Induced Changes in Body Composition and Indices of Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged Overweight and Obese Adults
Weinheimer-Haus, E. M., Conley, T. B., Kobza, V. M., Sands, L. P., Lim, E., Janle, E. M., & Campbell, W. W. (2012) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.111.153619 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Whey Protein Before and During Resistance Exercise Has No Effect on Muscle Mass and Strength in Untrained Young Adults
Weisgarber, K. D., Candow, D. G., & Vogt, E. S. M. (2012) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.22.6.463 · Cited by 38 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Future Protein Supply and Demand: Strategies and Factors Influencing a Sustainable Equilibrium
Henchion, M., Hayes, M., Mullen, A., Fenelon, M., & Tiwari, B. (2017) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods6070053 · Cited by 1,519 · see citing works
A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of protein supplementation on resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass and strength in healthy adults
Morton, R. W., Murphy, K. T., McKellar, S. R., Schoenfeld, B. J., Henselmans, M., Helms, E., Aragon, A. A., Devries, M. C., Banfield, L., Krieger, J. W., et al. (2018) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2017-097608 · Cited by 1,154 · see citing works
“This lack of agreement on the efficacy of protein supplementation 6–12 is likely due to the use of divergent study inclusion criteria and inclusion of subjects with differing: ages, training statuses, total protein intakes, protein sources and protein doses.”
BackgroundMethod
Supplemental protein in support of muscle mass and health: advantage whey.
Devries, M., & Phillips, S. M. (2015) · Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1111/1750-3841.12802 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Effects of protein supplementation combined with resistance exercise on body composition and physical function in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Liao, C.-D., Tsauo, J.-Y., Wu, Y.-T., Cheng, C.-P., Chen, H.-C., Huang, Y.-C., Chen, H.-C., & Liou, T.-H. (2017) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.116.143594 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Collagen peptide supplementation in combination with resistance training improves body composition and increases muscle strength in elderly sarcopenic men: a randomised controlled trial
Zdzieblik, D., Oesser, S., Baumstark, M. W., Gollhofer, A., & König, D. (2015) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114515002810 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Dairy Products and Health: Recent Insights
Tunick, M. H., & Hekken, D. L. V. (2014) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf5042454 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
The Role of Muscle Mass Gain Following Protein Supplementation Plus Exercise Therapy in Older Adults with Sarcopenia and Frailty Risks: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis of Randomized Trials
Liao, C.-D., Chen, H.-C., Huang, S.-W., & Liou, T.-H. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11081713 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
The impact of protein quality on the promotion of resistance exercise-induced changes in muscle mass
Phillips, S. M. (2016) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/s12986-016-0124-8 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Global Market for Dairy Proteins
Lagrange, V., Whitsett-Morrow, D., & Burris, C. (2015) · Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1111/1750-3841.12801 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Resistance Training and Protein Supplementation Increase Strength After Bariatric Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Oppert, J., Bellicha, A., Roda, C., Bouillot, J., Torcivia, A., Clément, K., Poitou, C., & Ciangura, C. (2018) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.22317 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Whey proteins processing and emergent derivatives: An insight perspective from constituents, bioactivities, functionalities to therapeutic applications
Mehra, R., Kumar, H., Kumar, N., Ranvir, S., Jana, A., Buttar, H., Télessy, I., Awuchi, C. G., Okpala, C., Korzeniowska, M., et al. (2021) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2021.104760 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Protein recommendations for weight loss in elite athletes: a focus on body composition and performance
Hector, A. J., & Phillips, S. M. (2018) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0273 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Role of Ingested Amino Acids and Protein in the Promotion of Resistance Exercise–Induced Muscle Protein Anabolism
Reidy, P. T., & Rasmussen, B. B. (2016) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.114.203208 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Effect of whey protein supplementation combined with resistance training on body composition, muscular strength, functional capacity, and plasma-metabolism biomarkers in older women with sarcopenic obesity: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Nabuco, H. C. G., Tomeleri, C. M., Fernandes, R. R., Sugihara Junior, P., Cavalcante, E. F., Cunha, P. M., Antunes, M., Nunes, J. P., Venturini, D., Barbosa, D. S., et al. (2019) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.04.007 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Whey protein supplementation preserves postprandial myofibrillar protein synthesis during short-term energy restriction in overweight and obese adults
Hector, A. J., Marcotte, G. R., Churchward-Venne, T. A., Murphy, C. H., Breen, L., von Allmen, M., Baker, S. K., & Phillips, S. M. (2015) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.114.200832 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Effects of Whey Protein Alone or as Part of a Multi-ingredient Formulation on Strength, Fat-Free Mass, or Lean Body Mass in Resistance-Trained Individuals: A Meta-analysis
Naclerio, F., & Larumbe-Zabala, E. (2016) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-015-0403-y · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Effects of Protein Supplementation Combined with Exercise Intervention on Frailty Indices, Body Composition, and Physical Function in Frail Older Adults
Liao, C.-D., Lee, P.-H., Hsiao, D.-J., Huang, S.-W., Tsauo, J.-Y., Chen, H.-C., & Liou, T.-H. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10121916 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Current Evidence to Propose Different Food Supplements for Weight Loss: A Comprehensive Review
Watanabe, M., Risi, R., Masi, D., Caputi, A., Balena, A., Rossini, G., Tuccinardi, D., Mariani, S., Basciani, S., Manfrini, S., et al. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12092873 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Dairy products consumption and metabolic syndrome in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Chen, G., Szeto, I. M. Y., Chen, L., Han, S.-F., Li, Y., van Hekezen, R., & Qin, L. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep14606 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Whey Protein Components - Lactalbumin and Lactoferrin - Improve Energy Balance and Metabolism
Zapata, R. C., Singh, A., Pezeshki, A., Nibber, T., & Chelikani, P. K. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-09781-2 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Resistance Training on Whole-Body Muscle Growth in Healthy Adult Males
Benito, P. J., Cupeiro, R., Ramos-Campo, D. J., Alcaraz, P. E., & Rubio-Arias, J. Á. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17041285 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Biomarker of food intake for assessing the consumption of dairy and egg products
Münger, L. H., Garcia‐Aloy, M., Vázquez‐Fresno, R., Gille, D., Rosana, A. R. R., Passerini, A., Soria-Florido, M. T., Pimentel, G., Sajed, T., Wishart, D. S., et al. (2018) · Genes & Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12263-018-0615-5 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Protein Supplementation Has Minimal Effects on Muscle Adaptations during Resistance Exercise Training in Young Men: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial
Reidy, P. T., Borack, M. S., Markofski, M. M., Dickinson, J. M., Deer, R. R., Husaini, S. H., Walker, D. K., Igbinigie, S., Robertson, S. M., Cope, M. B., et al. (2016) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.116.231803 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“3 kg, is almost identical to the amount shown via meta-analysis of RET and WP supplementation (37), our WP FIGURE 3 Absolute changes in whole-body lean mass in healthy”
Method
The effects of whey protein with or without carbohydrates on resistance training adaptations
Hulmi, J. J., Laakso, M., Mero, A. A., Häkkinen, K., Ahtiainen, J. P., & Peltonen, H. (2015) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-015-0109-4 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Eight weeks of pre- and postexercise whey protein supplementation increases lean body mass and improves performance in Division III collegiate female basketball players
Taylor, L. W., Wilborn, C., Roberts, M. D., White, A., & Dugan, K. (2015) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2015-0463 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Resistance exercise modulates male factor infertility through anti-inflammatory and antioxidative mechanisms in infertile men: A RCT
Maleki, B. H., & Tartibian, B. (2018) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2018.04.039 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Nutrition, pharmacological and training strategies adopted by six bodybuilders: case report and critical review
Gentil, P., de Lira, C. A. B., Paoli, A., dos Santos, J. A. B., da Silva, R. D. T., Pereira, J. R., da Silva, E. P., & Magosso, R. F. (2017) · European Journal of Translational Myology · doi:10.4081/ejtm.2017.6247 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Effects of Protein Supplementation Combined with Exercise Training on Muscle Mass and Function in Older Adults with Lower-Extremity Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials
Liao, C., Wu, Y., Tsauo, J., Chen, P., Tu, Y., Chen, H., & Liou, T. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12082422 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Effects of Whey Protein Supplementation Associated With Resistance Training on Muscular Strength, Hypertrophy, and Muscle Quality in Preconditioned Older Women
Sugihara, P., Ribeiro, A. S., Nabuco, H. C. G., Fernandes, R. R., Tomeleri, C. M., Cunha, P. M., Venturini, D., Barbosa, D. S., Schoenfeld, B. J., & Cyrino, E. S. (2017) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0253 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Protein supplements and adolescent athletes: A pilot study investigating the risk knowledge, motivations and prevalence of use
Whitehouse, G., & Lawlis, T. (2017) · Nutrition & Dietetics · doi:10.1111/1747-0080.12367 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Nutritional and health benefits of semi-elemental diets: A comprehensive summary of the literature
Alexander, D. D., Bylsma, L. C., Elkayam, L. R., & Nguyen, D. L. (2016) · World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics · doi:10.4292/wjgpt.v7.i2.306 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citation
Dietary Whey and Casein Differentially Affect Energy Balance, Gut Hormones, Glucose Metabolism, and Taste Preference in Diet-Induced Obese Rats
Pezeshki, A., Fahim, A., & Chelikani, P. K. (2015) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.115.213843 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Comparative Efficacy of Different Protein Supplements on Muscle Mass, Strength, and Physical Indices of Sarcopenia among Community-Dwelling, Hospitalized or Institutionalized Older Adults Undergoing Resistance Training: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Liao, C.-D., Huang, S.-W., Chen, H.-C., Huang, M.-H., Liou, T.-H., & Lin, C.-L. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16070941 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Effect of whey protein on blood lipid profiles: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Zhang, J.-W., Tong, X., Wan, Z., Wang, Y., Qin, L.-Q., & Szeto, I. M. Y. (2016) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2016.39 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Protein Intake Greater than the RDA Differentially Influences Whole-Body Lean Mass Responses to Purposeful Catabolic and Anabolic Stressors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Hudson, J. L., Wang, Y., Bergia III, R. E., & Campbell, W. W. (2020) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/advances/nmz106 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Effects of Protein-Rich Nutritional Composition Supplementation on Sarcopenia Indices and Physical Activity during Resistance Exercise Training in Older Women with Knee Osteoarthritis
Liao, C., Liao, Y., Liou, T., Hsieh, C.-Y., Kuo, Y., & Chen, H. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13082487 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Effect of whey protein supplementation on body composition changes in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Bergia, R. E., Hudson, J., & Campbell, W. W. (2018) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuy017 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Greek Yogurt and 12 Weeks of Exercise Training on Strength, Muscle Thickness and Body Composition in Lean, Untrained, University-Aged Males
Bridge, A. D., Brown, J. A., Snider, H., Nasato, M., Ward, W. E., Roy, B. D., & Josse, A. R. (2019) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2019.00055 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Effect of nutritional supplement combined with exercise intervention on sarcopenia in the elderly: A meta-analysis
Luo, D., Lin, Z., Li, S., & Liu, S.-J. (2017) · International Journal of Nursing Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ijnss.2017.09.004 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Diets enriched in whey or casein improve energy balance and prevent morbidity and renal damage in salt-loaded and high-fat-fed spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats
Singh, A., Pezeshki, A., Zapata, R. C., Yee, N. J., Knight, C. G., Tuor, U. I., & Chelikani, P. K. (2016) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.07.011 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Nonsurgical weight loss interventions: a systematic review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Twells, L. K., Harris Walsh, K., Blackmore, A., Adey, T., Donnan, J., Peddle, J., Ryan, D., Farrell, A., Nguyen, H., Gao, Z., et al. (2021) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13320 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Investigation of the Effect of Nutritional Supplementation with Whey Protein and Vitamin D on Muscle Mass and Muscle Quality in Subacute Post-Stroke Rehabilitation Patients: A Randomized, Single-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Honaga, K., Mori, N., Akimoto, T., Tsujikawa, M., Kawakami, M., Okamoto, T., Sakata, Y., Hamano, H., Takeda, Y., & Kondo, K. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14030685 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Integrating diet and exercise into care of prostate cancer patients on androgen deprivation therapy
Moyad, M. A., Newton, R. U., Tunn, U. W., & Gruca, D. (2016) · Research and Reports in Urology · doi:10.2147/rru.s107852 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Comparative Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Concentrated, Hydrolyzed, and Isolated Whey Protein Supplementation on Body Composition of Physical Activity Practitioners
Castro, L. H. A., de Araújo, F. H. S., Olimpio, M. Y. M., Primo, R. B. D. B., Pereira, T. T., Lopes, L. A. F., Trindade, E. B. S. D. M., Fernandes, R., & Oesterreich, S. A. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11092047 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Effects of Resistance Training With or Without Protein Supplementation on Body Composition and Resting Energy Expenditure in Patients 2–7 Years PostRoux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: a Controlled Clinical Trial
Lamarca, F., Vieira, F. T., Lima, R. M., Nakano, E. Y., da Costa, T. H. M., Pizato, N., Dutra, E. S., & de Carvalho, K. M. B. (2021) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-020-05172-1 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Effects of Whey Protein Supplement on 4-Week Resistance Exercise-Induced Improvements in Muscle Mass and Isokinetic Muscular Function under Dietary Control
Kim, C.-B., Park, J.-H., Park, H. S., Kim, H., & Park, J.-J. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15041003 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Efficacy and Safety of Whey Protein Supplements on Vital Sign and Physical Performance Among Athletes: A Network Meta-Analysis
Lam, F.-C., Bukhsh, A., Rehman, H., Waqas, M. K., Shahid, N., Khaliel, A. M., Elhanish, A. A. S., Karoud, M., Telb, A., & Khan, T. M. (2019) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.00317 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Effectiveness of whey protein supplements on the serum levels of amino acid, creatinine kinase and myoglobin of athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Lam, F.-C., Khan, T. M., Faidah, H. S., Haseeb, A., & Khan, A. H. (2019) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-019-1039-z · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Effect of whey protein supplementation on weight and body composition indicators: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Sepandi, M., Samadi, M., Shirvani, H., Alimohamadi, Y., Taghdir, M., Goudarzi, F., & Akbarzadeh, I. (2022) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.05.020 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Antioxidant potential and hypolipidemic effect of whey protein against gamma irradiation induced damages in rats
El-Desouky, W., Mahmoud, A. H., & Abbas, M. M. (2017) · Applied Radiation and Isotopes · doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.07.058 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Dietary Intake of Protein and Essential Amino Acids for Sustainable Muscle Development in Elite Male Athletes
Baranauskas, M., Kupčiūnaitė, I., & Stukas, R. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15184003 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Effects of protein type and composition on postprandial markers of skeletal muscle anabolism, adipose tissue lipolysis, and hypothalamic gene expression
Mobley, C. B., Fox, C. D., Ferguson, B. S., Pascoe, C. A., Healy, J. C., McAdam, J. S., Lockwood, C. M., & Roberts, M. D. (2015) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-015-0076-9 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Effect of whey protein supplementation during resistance training sessions on body mass and muscular strength: a meta-analysis
Li, M., & Liu, F. (2019) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/c9fo00182d · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Whey protein supplementation and muscle mass: current perspectives
Naclerio, F., & Seijo, M. (2019) · Nutrition and Dietary Supplements · doi:10.2147/nds.s166195 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Effects of Peanut Protein Supplementation on Resistance Training Adaptations in Younger Adults
Sexton, C. L., Smith, M. A., Smith, K. S., Osburn, S. C., Godwin, J. S., Ruple, B. A., Hendricks, A. M., Mobley, C. B., Goodlett, M. D., Frugé, A. D., et al. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13113981 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
The effects of progressive resistance training combined with a whey-protein drink and vitamin D supplementation on glycaemic control, body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors in older adults with type 2 diabetes: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Daly, R. M., Miller, E. G., Dunstan, D. W., Kerr, D. A., Solah, V. A., Menzies, D., & Nowson, C. A. (2014) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-15-431 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Carbohydrates Alone or Mixing With Beef or Whey Protein Promote Similar Training Outcomes in Resistance Training Males: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Naclerio, F., Seijo, M., Larumbe‐Zabala, E., & Earnest, C. P. (2017) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0003 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Chemical Properties of Whey Protein in Protein Powders and Its Impact on Muscle Growth in Athletes: A Review
Tang, C., Xi, T., Zheng, J., & Cui, X. (2025) · Natural Product Communications · doi:10.1177/1934578x251326124 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Protein intake and body weight, fat mass and waist circumference: an umbrella review of systematic reviews for the evidence-based guideline on protein intake of the German Nutrition Society
Ellinger, S., Amini, A. M., Haardt, J., Lehmann, A. C., Schmidt, A., Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A., Buyken, A. E., Kroke, A., Kuhn, T. E., Louis, S., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-023-03220-x · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Health Benefits of Whey or Colostrum Supplementation in Adults ≥35 Years; a Systematic Review
Blair, M., Kellow, N. J., Dordevic, A. L., Evans, S., Caissutti, J., & McCaffrey, T. A. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12020299 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Effect of Whey Protein in Conjunction With a Caloric-Restricted Diet and Resistance Training
Dudgeon, W. D., Kelley, E. P., & Scheett, T. P. (2015) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000001196 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Association of Dairy Protein Intake During Pregnancy with Birth Weight
Clark, D. C. (2018) · Food and Nutrition Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0379572118775824 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Elastic band resistance training influences transforming growth factor-ß receptor I mRNA expression in peripheral mononuclear cells of institutionalised older adults: the Vienna Active Ageing Study (VAAS)
Schober-Halper, B., Hofmann, M., Oesen, S., Franzke, B., Wolf, T. A., Strasser, E.-M., Bachl, N., Quittan, M., Wagner, K., & Wessner, B. (2016) · Immunity & Ageing · doi:10.1186/s12979-016-0077-9 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Comparison of the effect of soya protein and whey protein on body composition: A meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials
Piri Damaghi, M., Mirzababaei, A., Moradi, S., Daneshzad, E., Tavakoli, A., Clark, C. C. T., & Mirzaei, K. (2022) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114521001550 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Exercise and Dietary Restriction for Promotion of Neurohealth Benefits
Archer, T., & Garcia, D. (2015) · Health · doi:10.4236/health.2015.71016 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Recomendaciones de actividad física y ejercicio en el paciente adulto sometido a cirugía bariátrica. Documento de Consenso
CANCINO-RAMÍREZ, J., Troncoso-Ortiz, E. J., Pino-Zúñiga, J., Olivares, M., Escaffi, M. J., RIFFO, A., Donoso, I. A. P., M., M. V., & González-Rojas, L. (2019) · Revista médica de Chile · doi:10.4067/s0034-98872019001101468 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Effects of resistance training and protein supplementation interventions on muscle volume and muscle function: sex differences in humans
Noh, K.-W., & Park, S. (2023) · Physical Activity and Nutrition · doi:10.20463/pan.2023.0033 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Sports and Exercise Supplements
Ali, A., Lee, S. J., & Rutherfurd-Markwick, K. J. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812124-5.00017-5 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Nutritive and Therapeutic Aspects of Whey Proteins
Lagrange, V., & Clark, D. C. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812124-5.00016-3 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Whey Proteins and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Features: Evolving the Current Knowledge and Future Trends
Milanović, M., Milošević, N., Ružić, M., Abenavoli, L., & Milić, N. (2025) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo15080516 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Intake of Animal Protein Blend Plus Carbohydrate Improves Body Composition With no Impact on Performance in Endurance Athletes
Naclerio, F., Larumbe‐Zabala, E., Larrosa, M., Centeno, A., Esteve-Lanao, J., & Moreno‐Pérez, D. (2019) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0359 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Describing use of muscle-building supplements among adolescents and young adults in Canada
Ganson, K. T., Pang, N., Testa, A. M., Murray, S. B., & Nagata, J. M. (2024) · Performance Enhancement & Health · doi:10.1016/j.peh.2024.100284 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Strategies for Improving Firefighter Health On-Shift: A Review
Wohlgemuth, K. J., Conner, M. J., Tinsley, G. M., Palmer, T. B., & Mota, J. A. (2024) · Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology · doi:10.3390/jfmk9020105 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Impact of whey protein supplementation as adjuvant therapy on malnourished cancer patients: systematic review and meta-analysis
Rabie, A. S. I., Alhomsi, T., AbouKhatwa, M. M., Mosilhy, E. A., & Elzahaf, R. A. (2024) · Discover Food · doi:10.1007/s44187-024-00171-y · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Resistance exercise training with protein supplementation improves skeletal muscle strength and improves quality of life in late adolescents and young adults with Barth syndrome: A pilot study
Bohnert, K. L., Ditzenberger, G. L., Bittel, A. J., Fuentes, L. D. L., Corti, M., Pacak, C. A., Taylor, C. L., Byrne, B. J., Reeds, D. N., & Cade, W. T. (2021) · JIMD Reports · doi:10.1002/jmd2.12244 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Association between whey protein, regional fat mass, and strength in resistance-trained men: a cross-sectional study
Batista, A., Monteiro, C. P., Borrego, R., Matias, C. N., Teixeira, F. J., Valamatos, M. J., de Oliveira, A. C. C., Reis, J. F., Mendes, L., & Sardinha, L. B. (2018) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2018-0143 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
A Comprehensive Workflow for the Analysis of Bio-Macromolecular Supplements: Case Study of 20 Whey Protein Products
Avula, B., Parveen, I., Zhao, J., Wang, M., Techen, N., Wang, Y., Riaz, M., Bae, J., Shami, A. A., Chittiboyina, A. G., et al. (2021) · Journal of Dietary Supplements · doi:10.1080/19390211.2021.1897724 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Whey Protein Supplementation and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Risk Factors: An Umbrella Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Connolly, G., Wang, Y. H. D., Bergia, R. E., Davis, E. M., Byers, A. W., Reed, J. B., & Campbell, W. W. (2023) · Current Developments in Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.102017 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Whey Protein Supplementation Effects on Body Composition, Performance, and Blood Biomarkers During Army Initial Entry Training
McAdam, J. S., Lyons, K. D., Beck, D. T., Haun, C. T., Romero, M. A., Mumford, P. W., Roberson, P. A., Young, K. C., Lohse, K. R., Roberts, M. D., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.807928 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Rapid Review of Breast Cancer Treatment Side Effects and Dietary Supplement/Integrative Options from A to Z: What Helps, Harms, or Does Nothing?
Moyad, M. A. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-23422-9_7 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The impact of whey protein supplementation in older adults on nutrient intakes and satiety over an 11-week exercise intervention
Ridge, A. J., Devine, A., Lyons‐Wall, P., Conlon, J. A., & Lo, J. (2018) · Food Quality and Preference · doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2018.01.013 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Effectiveness of a protein-supplemented very-low-calorie diet program for weight loss: a randomized controlled trial in South Korea
Cho, E., Kim, S., Kim, H. J., Cho, B., Park, J., Kwon, H., Kim, J. Y., Go, Y., Kang, D. G., Shin, E., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1370737 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Thermogenic Blend Alone or in Combination with Whey Protein Supplement Stimulates Fat Metabolism and Improves Body Composition in Mice.
Vieira-Brock, P. D., Vaughan, B., & Vollmer, D. L. (2018) · PubMed Central · doi:10.4103/pr.pr_53_17 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Food Proteins and Bioactive Peptides
Hayes, M. (2018) · MDPI eBooks · doi:10.3390/books978-3-03842-864-0 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Supplement consumption profile by strength training practitioners in Brazil: a literature review
VELASCO, G. D. S., Ribeiro, C. B., Ramos, G. L. D. P. A., Silva, G. V. D. L. C. E., Silva, M. C., da Silva, M. A. P., & Cappato, L. P. (2022) · Food Science and Technology · doi:10.1590/fst.113021 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Sports Medicine and Adaptive Sports
McMullen, C. W., Latzka, E. W., Laker, S. R., Luigi, A. J. D., & Harrast, M. A. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-62539-5.00039-4 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Impact of whey protein supplementation in a weight-loss intervention in rural dwelling adults: A feasibility study
Batsis, J. A., Petersen, C. L., Cook, S. B., Al-Nimr, R. I., Driesse, T., Pidgeon, D., & Fielding, R. (2021) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.07.006 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Effects of Supplementation with Milk Proteins on Body Composition and Anthropometric Parameters: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis
Mohammadi, S., Ashtary‐Larky, D., Alaghemand, N., Alnsour, A. F., Shokouhifar, S., Borzabadi, A., Mehrbod, M., Candow, D. G., Forbes, S. C., António, J., et al. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17243877 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Branched-chain amino acid focused protein quality indicator for sport food formulations: proof-of-concept framework for a “BCAA score” applied to food industry product development
Francisco, G. D., Couceiro, C., & Olmedo, R. H. (2026) · Journal of Food Measurement & Characterization · doi:10.1007/s11694-026-04109-z · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Muscle-building supplement use is associated with muscle dysmorphia symptomatology among Canadian adolescents and young adults
Ganson, K. T., Rodgers, R. F., Testa, A. M., Murray, S. B., & Nagata, J. M. (2025) · PLOS mental health. · doi:10.1371/journal.pmen.0000217 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Resistance aux insecticides organophosphores : detection, caracterisation genetique et dynamique dans les populations naturelles : etude dans le complexe culex pipiens l. (diptera : culicidae) et essai d'application a simulium damnosum s.l. theobald
Magnin, M. (1986) · OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Which Protein‐Based Dietary Supplements Most Effectively Enhance Fat‐Free Mass and Strength Gains in Healthy Adults Undergoing Resistance Training? A Network Meta‐Analysis
Drummond, M. D. M., da Silva, R. Â. D., Carvas, N., de Melo, M. S., & Ferreira, M. H. L. (2026) · Translational Sports Medicine · doi:10.1155/tsm2/5557511 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Explore the Optimal Treatment Regimen Across Combinations of Variate Protein Sources and Exercise Modalities and Its Associated Factors in Older Adults: A Network Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression of Randomized Controlled Trials
Lin, C.-L., Huang, S.-W., Chen, H., Huang, M.-H., Liou, T., & Liao, C. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18091409 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Mediterranean diet and dietary protein supplementation as possible predicting variables of weight management: An update of the protein project
Bianco, A., Thomas, E., Bellafiore, M., Martines, F., Messina, G., Battaglia, G., Karsten, B., Şahin, F. N., Bielec, G., Paoli, A., et al. (2015) · Nova Science Publishers (Nova Science Publishers, Inc.) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Commentary: Greek Yogurt and 12 Weeks of Exercise Training on Strength, Muscle Thickness and Body Composition in Lean, Untrained, University-Aged Males
Jakobsson, J. (2019) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2019.00137 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The effects of whey protein supplementation on athletic performance and body composition in adolescent soccer players: a randomized controlled trial
Zimmerman, G. A., de Hart, N. M. M. P., Ou, I. Z., Miranda, V. R., Bastian, E. D., Drummond, M. J., Depner, C. M., & Halliday, T. M. (2026) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2025-0325 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Green Proteins: A Sustainable Alternative to Animal‐Based Proteins for Global Protein Security
Usman, I., Afzaal, M., Imran, A., Ikram, A., Arshad, M. T., Siddiqua, A., Bibi, M., Ibrahim, A., & Acheampong, R. (2026) · Food Frontiers · doi:10.1002/fft2.70278 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Protein yogurt and whey protein produce comparable muscle gains, but divergent microbiome shifts during strength training in older adults
Monsalves‐Álvarez, M., Calderón-Romero, P., Hayes‐Ortiz, T., Bobadilla, S., Sanchez, F., de Tudela, C. P., Utreras‐Mendoza, Y., Campos, C. A., Reyes, A., Gómez, J., et al. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-51209-3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Effects of Whey Protein-rich Meal Substitute in 4–Week Diet Trial on Body Weight, Body Fat, and Body Composition of Overweight or Obese Females
Xi, M.-Z., Zhang, Y., Choi, Y.-B., Jeong, G. H., Kim, G.-W., Park, Y.-W., & Lee, B. (2016) · Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life · doi:10.17495/easdl.2016.2.26.1.25 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Effects of Low-Calorie Diet Including High Protein-Low Carbohydrate Protein Bar on Weight Loss and Serum Lipid Indicators in Overweight Women according to Dietary Compliance
Park, D., Lee, H. J., & Son, S. M. (2019) · 대한지역사회영양학회지 · doi:10.5720/kjcn.2019.24.6.485 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Effect of whey protein supplementation on weight and body composition indicators: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Sepandi, M., Samadi, M., Shirvani, H., Alimohamadi, Y., Taghdir, M., Goudarzi, F., & Akbarzadeh, I. (2022) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.05.020 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Effect of whey protein supplementation on body composition changes in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Bergia, R. E., Hudson, J., & Campbell, W. W. (2018) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuy017 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Comparative Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Concentrated, Hydrolyzed, and Isolated Whey Protein Supplementation on Body Composition of Physical Activity Practitioners
Castro, L. H. A., de Araújo, F. H. S., Olimpio, M. Y. M., Primo, R. B. D. B., Pereira, T. T., Lopes, L. A. F., Trindade, E. B. S. D. M., Fernandes, R., & Oesterreich, S. A. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11092047 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Effect of whey protein supplementation during resistance training sessions on body mass and muscular strength: a meta-analysis
Li, M., & Liu, F. (2019) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/c9fo00182d · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Comparison of the effect of soya protein and whey protein on body composition: A meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials
Piri Damaghi, M., Mirzababaei, A., Moradi, S., Daneshzad, E., Tavakoli, A., Clark, C. C. T., & Mirzaei, K. (2022) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114521001550 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Authors: Miller, P. E., Alexander, D. D., & Perez, V.
Affiliations: Exponent (United States) (US)
ORCID: Miller, Paige E.
Venue: Journal of the American College of Nutrition
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2014-03-04
Volume: 33
Issue: 2
Pages: 163-175
ISSN: 0731-5724 (ISSN-L)
1541-1087
DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2013.875365
OpenAlex: W2117969485
Cited by: 122
References: 45
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 3
FWCI: 1.54
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of the American College of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
Keywords: whey protein, resistance training, body composition, body weight, fat mass, lean body mass, fat-free mass, waist circumference, protein supplementation, weight loss, weight maintenance, protein hydrolysates, protein isolates, whey protein concentrate, dietary substitution
MeSH terms: Whey Proteins, Body Composition, Humans, Milk Proteins, Weight Loss, Exercise, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Dietary Supplements, Resistance Training

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Effects of Whey Protein and Resistance Exercise on Body Composition: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks