Maximizing muscle protein anabolism: the role of protein quality
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and muscle protein breakdown are simultaneous ongoing processes. Here, we examine evidence for how protein quality can affect exercise-induced muscle protein anabolism or protein balance (MPS minus muscle protein breakdown). Evidence is highlighted showing differences in the responses of MPS, and muscle protein accretion, with ingestion of milk-based and soy-based proteins in young and elderly persons. RECENT FINDINGS: Protein consumption, and the accompanying hyperaminoacidemia, stimulates an increase in MPS and a small suppression of muscle protein breakdown. Beyond the feeding-induced rise in MPS, small incremental addition of new muscle protein mass occurs following intense resistance exercise which over time (i.e. resistance training) leads to muscle hypertrophy. Athletes make use of the paradigm of resistance training and eating to maximize the gains in their skeletal muscle mass. Importantly, however, metabolically active skeletal muscle can offset the morbidities associated with the sarcopenia of aging such as type II diabetes, decline in aerobic fitness and the reduction in metabolic rate that can lead to fat mass accumulation. SUMMARY: Recent evidence suggests that consumption of different proteins can affect the amplitude and possibly duration of MPS increases after feeding and this effect interacts and is possibly accentuated with resistance exercise.
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Exercise enhances muscle protein synthesis by sensitizing muscle to insulin- or amino acid-mediated anabolic actions, an effect that appears to peak in the first 3 hours after exercise and may persist 18 to 24 hours after an exercise bout.
“Exercise enhances muscle protein synthesis by sensitizing muscle to insulin-or amino acid-mediated anabolic actions, an effect that appears to peak in the first 3 hours after exercise 147 and may persist 18 to 24 hours after an exercise bout.52,148”
From Evidence-Based Recommendations for Optimal Dietary Protein Intake in Older People: A Position Paper From the PROT-AGE Study Group (2013) · cites this paper as [147]
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- Authors
- Tang, J. E., & Phillips, S. M.
- Affiliations
- McMaster University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Phillips, Stuart M
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care
- Published
- 2009-01
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 66-71
- ISSN
- 1363-1950 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1969332657
- Cited by
- 178
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 0.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Keywords
- muscle protein synthesis, muscle protein degradation, protein quality, resistance training, muscle hypertrophy, muscle protein accretion, milk protein, soy protein, hyperaminoacidemia, sarcopenia, aging, protein balance
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aging, Dietary Proteins, Humans, Muscle Proteins, Muscular Atrophy, Weight Lifting, Muscle, Skeletal, Anabolic Agents, Resistance Training
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