ADHD in adults: A study of clinical characteristics, impairment and comorbidity

Torgersen, Terje; Gjervan, Bjørn; Rasmussen, Kirsten

doi:10.1080/08039480500520665

Cited by 211Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderAutism Spectrum Disorder ResearchSchizophrenia research and treatment

ADHD in adults: A study of clinical characteristics, impairment and comorbidity

Torgersen, Terje, Gjervan, Bjørn, Rasmussen, Kirsten·2006·Nordic Journal of Psychiatry

DOI 10.1080/08039480500520665

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Abstract

In this study, we explored the clinical characteristics, impairment and comorbidity in a sample of 45 adult patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The collection of data is based on a naturalistic, retrospective approach using medical records documenting a comprehensive assessment of the patients. The sample was severely impaired in terms of academic achievement, employment and criminality, and had very high levels of comorbidity, especially alcohol and drug abuse, antisocial personality disorder and depression. Despite a high degree of contact with child psychiatric services in childhood, very few were diagnosed with ADHD, and many had a long period of psychiatric treatment as adults before the ADHD diagnosis was made. ADHD is in this sample of adults associated with severe impairment and comorbidity, and the connection between impairment and lack of proper diagnosis and treatment is discussed.

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ADHD is associated with substantial individual impacts such as difficulties in interpersonal functioning, educational and occupational performance, and community activities.
“it is associated with substantial individual impacts such as difficulties in interpersonal functioning, educational and occupational performance, and community activities [6-9].”
From A Digital Mental Health Support Program for Depression and Anxiety in Populations With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Feasibility and Usability Study (2023) · cites this paper as [6]
As many as 80% of patients with ADHD have at least 1 coexisting psychiatric disorder.
“as many as 80% of patients with ADHD have at least 1 coexisting psychiatric disorder [6,17,18].”
From A Digital Mental Health Support Program for Depression and Anxiety in Populations With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Feasibility and Usability Study (2023) · cites this paper as [6]
As many as 80% of adults with ADHD have at least one coexisting psychiatric disorder.
“As many as 80% of adults with ADHD have at least one coexisting psychiatric disorder [4,5]”
From Adult ADHD and comorbid disorders: clinical implications of a dimensional approach (2017) · cites this paper as [4]
ADHD has been associated with increased criminality, with one study reporting that 47% of patients with ADHD had at least one criminal sentence.
“ADHD has been associated with increased criminality [39], with one study reporting that 47% of patients with ADHD had at least one criminal sentence [4].”
From Adult ADHD and comorbid disorders: clinical implications of a dimensional approach (2017) · cites this paper as [4]
Treatment of adult ADHD can influence psychosocial impairment that results as a consequence of core ADHD symptoms and may lead to improvements in associated features and comorbid disorders.
“Treatment of adult ADHD can influence psychosocial impairment that results as a consequence of 'core' ADHD symptoms, and may lead to improvements in associated features and comorbid disorders [245-247].”
From European consensus statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD: The European Network Adult ADHD (2010) · cites this paper as [245]

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Authors: Torgersen, T., Gjervan, B., & Rasmussen, K.
Affiliations: Levanger Hospital (NO)
Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
Corresponding author: Torgersen, Terje
ORCID: Torgersen, Terje
Rasmussen, Kirsten
Venue: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2006-01
Volume: 60
Issue: 1
Pages: 38-43
ISSN: 0029-1455 (ISSN-L)
0803-9488
1502-4725
DOI: 10.1080/08039480500520665
OpenAlex: W2110811553
Cited by: 211
References: 45
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 9
FWCI: 5.10
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Keywords: adult ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, comorbidities, functional disability, alcohol abuse, drug abuse, antisocial personality disorder, depression, delayed diagnosis, child mental health services, academic performance, employment, criminality
MeSH terms: Achievement, Adolescent, Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Mental Disorders, Cognition Disorders, Demography, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Severity of Illness Index, Comorbidity

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ADHD in adults: A study of clinical characteristics, impairment and comorbidity

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