Conduct problems, gender and adult psychiatric outcome of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
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Background: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood condition, and is more prevalent in boys. The adult outcome of girls with ADHD has never been studied. Aims: To identify predictors for adult psychiatric outcome of children with ADHD, including gender and comorbidity. Method: Children aged 4–15 years, referred for hyperactivity/inattention and treated with stimulants were included (n=208). The Psychiatric Case Register provided follow-up data on psychiatric admissions in adulthood until a mean age of 31 years. Results: A total of 47 cases (22.6%) had a psychiatric admission in adulthood. Conduct problems in childhood were predictive (hazard ratio HR=2.3; 95% CI 1.22–4.33). Girls had a higher risk compared with boys (HR=2.4; 95% CI 1.1–5.6). Conclusions: Girls with ADHD had a higher risk of adult psychiatric admission than boys. Conduct problems were also associated with a higher risk. Girls with ADHD with conduct problems had a very high risk of a psychiatric admission in adulthood.
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Dalsgaard, S., Mortensen, P. B., Frydenberg, M., & Thomsen, P. H.
- Affiliations
- Aarhus University Hospital (DK)
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2002-11
- Volume
- 181
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 416-421
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2060826966
- Cited by
- 172
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 4.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct problems, gender differences, psychiatric hospital admissions, comorbidities, stimulant medication, girls with ADHD
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Mental Disorders, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Prognosis, Sex Factors, Proportional Hazards Models, Conduct Disorder
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