A systematic review of resilience and mental health outcomes of conflict-driven adult forced migrants
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The rising global burden of forced migration due to armed conflict is increasingly recognised as an important issue in global health. Forced migrants are at a greater risk of developing mental disorders. However, resilience, defined as the ability of a person to successfully adapt to or recover from stressful and traumatic experiences, has been highlighted as a key potential protective factor. This study aimed to review systematically the global literature on the impact of resilience on the mental health of adult conflict-driven forced migrants. METHODOLOGY: Both quantitative and qualitative studies that reported resilience and mental health outcomes among forcibly displaced persons (aged 18+) by way of exploring associations, links, pathways and causative mechanisms were included. Fourteen bibliographic databases and seven humanitarian study databases/websites were searched and a four stage screening process was followed. RESULTS: Twenty three studies were included in the final review. Ten qualitative studies identified highlighted family and community cohesion, family and community support, individual personal qualities, collective identity, supportive primary relationships and religion. Thirteen quantitative studies were identified, but only two attempted to link resilience with mental disorders, and three used a specific resilience measure. Over-reliance on cross-sectional designs was noted. Resilience was generally shown to be associated with better mental health in displaced populations, but the evidence on this and underlying mechanisms was limited. DISCUSSION: The review highlights the need for more epidemiological and qualitative evidence on resilience in forcibly displaced persons as a potential avenue for intervention development, particularly in resource-poor settings.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Some conflict-affected people develop mental health disorders and pre-existing mental illness may go untreated.
“Although successful adaptation to adverse circumstances occurs for most people (e.g. through employing positive coping strategies to target stressors or their psychological consequences), others may develop mental health disorders and pre-existing mental illness may go untreated [4, 5].”
From Mental health and psychosocial support for South Sudanese refugees in northern Uganda: a needs and resource assessment (2016) · cites this paper as [5]
The Introduction links conflict-driven displacement to the development of depression, anxiety and PTSD, and the Results report high levels of mental disorders among affected populations. Our copy mentions pre-existing vulnerabilities and a need for treatment interventions, but does not say that pre-existing mental illness may go untreated. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSimilar to other research on migrants and resilience, family and community support, maintenance of language, religion and culture as well as learning new languages and ways of doing fueled resilience.
“Similar to other research on migrants and resilience, family and community support, maintenance of language, religion and culture as well learning new languages and ways of doing, fueled resilience”
From Refugees, asylum-seekers and undocumented migrants and the experience of parenthood: a synthesis of the qualitative literature (2017) · cites this paper as [169]
The Results and Discussion (page numbers unavailable) identify family and community support, religion, cultural identity and adaptation as factors associated with resilience in conflict-driven forced migrants. They do not identify maintaining a language or learning new languages and ways of doing as resilience factors, so those parts of the claim are unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & for the PRISMA Group (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2535 · Cited by 83,823 · see citing works
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement.
(2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 44,859 · see citing works
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & the PRISMA Group* (2009) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135 · Cited by 37,554 · see citing works
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005 · Cited by 19,575 · see citing works
Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC)
Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. T. (2003) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.10113 · Cited by 11,793 · see citing works
Community Resilience as a Metaphor, Theory, Set of Capacities, and Strategy for Disaster Readiness
Norris, F. H., Stevens, S. P., Pfefferbaum, B., Wyche, K. F., & Pfefferbaum, R. L. (2008) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10464-007-9156-6 · Cited by 5,476 · see citing works
Social and ecological resilience: are they related?
Adger, W. N. (2000) · Progress in Human Geography · doi:10.1191/030913200701540465 · Cited by 4,844 · see citing works
Steel, Z., Chey, T., Silove, D., Marnane, C., Bryant, R. A., & van Ommeren, M. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1132 · Cited by 2,246 · see citing works
A methodological review of resilience measurement scales
Windle, G., Bennett, K. M., & Noyes, J. (2011) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/1477-7525-9-8 · Cited by 2,079 · see citing works
Ungar, M. T. (2006) · The British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcl343 · Cited by 1,906 · see citing works
Porter, M., & Haslam, N. (2005) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.294.5.602 · Cited by 1,793 · see citing works
Miller, K. E., & Rasmussen, A. (2010) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.09.029 · Cited by 1,524 · see citing works
Bhugra, D. (2004) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1046/j.0001-690x.2003.00246.x · Cited by 1,196 · see citing works
Davydov, D. M., Stewart, R., Ritchie, K., & Chaudieu, I. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.03.003 · Cited by 1,189 · see citing works
Self-citationResilience and Vulnerability: Adaptation in the Context of Childhood Adversities
Luthar, S. S. (2003) · Cited by 1,098 · see citing works
The Social Ecology of Resilience
Ungar, M. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0586-3 · Cited by 1,033 · see citing works
A critique of seven assumptions behind psychological trauma programmes in war-affected areas
Summerfield, D. (1999) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(98)00450-x · Cited by 987 · see citing works
A Resilience Framework for Research, Policy, and Practice
Masten, A. S., & Powell, J. L. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511615788.003 · Cited by 863 · see citing works
Betancourt, T. S., & Khan, K. T. (2008) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540260802090363 · Cited by 840 · see citing works
Resilience and development: Positive life adaptations.
Glantz, M. D., & Johnson, J. L. (1999) · Digital Access to Libraries (Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), l'Université de Namur (UNamur) and the Université Saint-Louis (USL-B)) · doi:10.1007/b108350 · Cited by 832 · see citing works
Realist synthesis: illustrating the method for implementation research
Rycroft-Malone, J., McCormack, B., Hutchinson, A. M., DeCorby, K., Bucknall, T. K., Kent, B., Schultz, A., Snelgrove-Clarke, E., Stetler, C. B., Titler, M., et al. (2012) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/1748-5908-7-33 · Cited by 742 · see citing works
Ungar, M. (2004) · Youth & Society · doi:10.1177/0044118x03257030 · Cited by 647 · see citing works
The Handbook of Spiritual Development in Childhood and Adolescence
Roehlkepartain, E. C., King, P., Wagener, L. M., & Benson, P. (2006) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781412976657 · Cited by 578 · see citing works
Wessells, M. (2010) · 57th Annual Meeting (October 26-31, 2010) · Cited by 544 · see citing works
Tol, W. A., Song, S., & Jordans, M. J. D. (2013) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12053 · Cited by 497 · see citing works
Beyond resilience and PTSD: Mapping the heterogeneity of responses to potential trauma.
Bonanno, G. A., & Mancini, A. D. (2010) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/a0017829 · Cited by 487 · see citing works
Factors and Processes Contributing to Resilience
Kumpfer, K. L. (2005) · Kluwer Academic Publishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-306-47167-1_9 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Murray, K. E., Davidson, G. R., & Schweitzer, R. (2010) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.2010.01062.x · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Bergström, A., Eriksson, G. M., von Koch, L., & Tham, K. (2011) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/1477-7525-9-1 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Coping and Resilience in Refugees from the Sudan: A Narrative Account
Schweitzer, R., Greenslade, J. H., & Kagee, A. (2007) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00048670601172780 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Jordans, M. J. D., Tol, W. A., Komproe, I. H., & De Jong, J. V. T. M. (2009) · Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1111/j.1475-3588.2008.00515.x · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Resilience is not the Absence of PTSD any More than Health is the Absence of Disease
Almedom, A. M., & Glandon, D. M. (2007) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325020600945962 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Understanding Culture, Resilience, and Mental Health: The Production of Hope
Panter‐Brick, C., & Eggerman, M. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0586-3_29 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Refugee Trauma versus Torture Trauma: A Retrospective Controlled Cohort Study of Tibetan Refugees
Holtz, T. H. (1998) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-199801000-00005 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Effects of war: moral knowledge, revenge, reconciliation, and medicalised concepts of “recovery”
Summerfield, D. A. (2002) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7372.1105 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Everyday resilience: Narratives of single refugee women with children
Lenette, C., Brough, M., & Cox, L. (2013) · Qualitative Social Work · doi:10.1177/1473325012449684 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Researching and theorizing resilience across cultures and contexts
Ungar, M. T. (2012) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.07.021 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Thomas, S. L. (2004) · British Medical Bulletin · doi:10.1093/bmb/ldh009 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Mels, C., Derluyn, I., Broekaert, E., & Rosseel, Y. (2010) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02241.x · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Bhugra, D., & Gupta, S. (2011) · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Hooberman, J., Rosenfeld, B., Rasmussen, A., & Keller, A. (2010) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.2010.01060.x · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Forced migration and mental health: prolonged internal displacement, return migration and resilience
Siriwardhana, C., & Stewart, R. (2013) · International Health · doi:10.1093/inthealth/ihs014 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Self-citationResilience as a Protective Factor Against the Development of Psychopathology Among Refugees
Arnetz, J. E., Rofa, Y., Arnetz, B. B., Ventimiglia, M., & Jamil, H. J. (2013) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e3182848afe · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Resilience and Spirituality in Youth
Crawford, E., Wright, M. O., & Masten, A. S. (2006) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781412976657.n25 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Pedersen, D., Tremblay, J., Errázuriz, C., & Gamarra, J. (2008) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.03.040 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Ziaian, T., de Anstiss, H., Antoniou, G., Baghurst, P., & Sawyer, M. (2012) · International Journal of Population Research · doi:10.1155/2012/485956 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Bouncing forward of young refugees: a perspective on resilience research directions
Sleijpen, M., ter Heide, F. J. J., Mooren, T. T. M., Boeije, H., & Kleber, R. J. (2013) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.3402/ejpt.v4i0.20124 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Sossou, M., Craig, C. D., Ogren, H., & Schnak, M. (2008) · Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Diversity in Social Work · doi:10.1080/15313200802467908 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Individual and Collective Dimensions of Resilience Within Political Violence
Sousa, C., Haj‐Yahia, M. M., Feldman, G., & Lee, J. E. (2013) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/1524838013493520 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Thomas, F. C., Roberts, B., Luitel, N. P., Upadhaya, N., & Tol, W. A. (2011) · Conflict and Health · doi:10.1186/1752-1505-5-20 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationSummer 2006 war on Lebanon: A lesson in community resilience
Nuwayhid, I. A., Zurayk, H., Yamout, R., & Cortas, C. S. (2011) · Global Public Health · doi:10.1080/17441692.2011.557666 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Kuwert, P., Brähler, E., Glaesmer, H., Freyberger, H. J., & Decker, O. (2009) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610209009107 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Somasundaram, D. J. (2010) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/1752-4458-4-22 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Drury, J., & Williams, R. (2012) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0b013e328353eea6 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Almedom, A. M., Tesfamichael, B., Mohammed, Z. S., Mascie‐Taylor, C. G. N., & Alemu, Z. (2005) · Journal of Biosocial Science · doi:10.1017/s0021932005001112 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Mental health symptoms in Iraqi refugees: posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression.
Jamil, H. J., Farrag, M. F., Hakim-Larson, J. A., Kafaji, T., Abdulkhaleq, H., & Hammad, A. S. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 62 · see citing works
No less vulnerable: the internally displaced in humanitarian emergencies
Salama, P., Spiegel, P. B., & Brennan, R. J. (2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)04570-0 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Ziaian, T., de Anstiss, H., Antoniou, G., Sawyer, M., & Baghurst, P. (2011) · Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1111/j.1475-3588.2011.00620.x · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Beiser, M., Wiwa, O., & Adebajo, S. B. (2010) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.03.039 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Beiser, M., Simich, L., Pandalangat, N., Nowakowski, M. E., & Tian, F. (2011) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674371105600604 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Post-Traumatic Stress and Growth following Forced Relocation
Nuttman‐Shwartz, O., Dekel, R., & Tuval‐Mashiach, R. (2010) · The British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcq124 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Trauma and the Making of Flexible Minds in the Tibetan Exile Community
Lewis, S. E. (2013) · Ethos · doi:10.1111/etho.12024 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Refugee Experiences and Southeast Asian Women’s Mental Health
Davis, R., Kennedy, M. G., & Austin, W. (2000) · Western Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/01939450022044331 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Suarez, E. B. (2012) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.09.011 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Masten, A. S. (2003) · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Bloodied but unbowed: Resilience examined in a South Asian community.
Fernando, G. A. (2012) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.2012.01163.x · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Bhui, K. S., Mohamud, S., Warfa, N., Curtis, S. E., Stansfeld, S. A., & Craig, T. (2012) · BMC International Health and Human Rights · doi:10.1186/1472-698x-12-4 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Hampton, J. (2014) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781849774260 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Resilience among Single Adult Female Refugees in Hamilton, Ontario
Newbold, B., Chung, K., & Hong, E. (2013) · Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees · doi:10.25071/1920-7336.37507 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Araya, M., Chotai, J., Komproe, I. H., & de Jong, J. T. V. M. (2010) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-010-0223-1 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Elsass, P., & Phuntsok, K. (2008) · Traumatology An International Journal · doi:10.1177/1534765608325120 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Eder, A. (1990) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/5.1.19 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Prolonged displacement may compromise resilience in Eritrean mothers.
Almedom, A. M., Tesfamichael, B., Mohammed, Z. S., Mascie-Taylor, N., Müller, J. G., & Alemu, Z. (2005) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.5555/afhs.2005.5.4.310 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
An evidence review of research on health interventions in humanitarian crises. Final Report
Blanchet, K., Roberts, B., Sistenich, V., Ramesh, A., Frison, S., Warren, E. A., Hossain, M. M., Knight, A., Lewis, C., & Smith, J. (2015) · LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) · doi:10.17037/pubs.02172838 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationAndersson, P. (2010) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610210001791 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Rolfe RE Social cohesion and community resilience A Multidisciplinary Review of Literature for Rural Health Research 2006 Halifax: Department of International Development Studies Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research Saint Mary’s University
- Blanchet K Roberts B Evidence Review on Research for Health in Humanitarian Crises 2013 http://www.elrha.org/r2hc/evidence-review
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Social Determinants of Refugee Mental Health in the Post-Migration Context: A Critical Review
Hynie, M. (2018) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0706743717746666 · Cited by 659 · see citing works
The mental health of civilians displaced by armed conflict: an ecological model of refugee distress
Miller, K. E., & Rasmussen, A. (2017) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796016000172 · Cited by 653 · see citing works
Lawrance, E. L., Thompson, R., Newberry Le Vay, J., Page, L., & Jennings, N. (2022) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540261.2022.2128725 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Henkelmann, J.-R., de Best, S., Deckers, C., Jensen, K., Shahab, M. K., Elzinga, B. M., & Molendijk, M. L. (2020) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2020.54 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Epidemiology of Substance Use among Forced Migrants: A Global Systematic Review
Horyniak, D., Melo, J. S., Farrell, R. M., Ojeda, V. D., & Strathdee, S. A. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0159134 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Bibliometric analysis of global migration health research in peer-reviewed literature (2000–2016)
Sweileh, W. M., Wickramage, K. P., Pottie, K. C., Hui, C. P., Roberts, B., Sawalha, A. F., & Zyoud, S. H. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5689-x · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Self-citationPanter‐Brick, C., Hadfield, K., Dajani, R. B., Eggerman, M., Ager, A., & Ungar, M. T. (2017) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12868 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Everyday life experiences and mental health among conflict-affected forced migrants: A meta-analysis
Hou, W. K., Liu, H., Liang, L., Ho, J., Kim, H., Seong, E., Bonanno, G. A., Hobfoll, S. E., & Hall, B. J. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.165 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Comteße, H., Powell, S., Soldo, A., Hagl, M., & Rosner, R. (2019) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-018-1996-0 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Association between depression and resilience in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Wermelinger Ávila, M. P., Lucchetti, A. L. G., & Lucchetti, G. (2017) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.4619 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Health and Socio-Cultural Experiences of Refugee Women: An Integrative Review
Shishehgar, S., Gholizadeh, L., DiGiacomo, M. L., Green, A., & Davidson, P. M. (2016) · Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health · doi:10.1007/s10903-016-0379-1 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Understanding the health needs of internally displaced persons: A scoping review
Cantor, D. J., Swartz, J., Roberts, B., Abbara, A., Ager, A., Bhutta, Z. A., Blanchet, K., Bunte, D. M., Chukwuorji, J. C., Daoud, N., et al. (2021) · Journal of Migration and Health · doi:10.1016/j.jmh.2021.100071 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Self-citationSpiritus-Beerden, E., Verelst, A., Devlieger, I., Primdahl, N. L., Guedes, F. B., Chiarenza, A., Maesschalck, S. D., Durbeej, N., Garrido, R., de Matos, M. G., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18126354 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Çelebi, E. Y., Verkuyten, M., & Bağci, S. Ç. (2017) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2299 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Well-being after trauma: A review of posttraumatic growth among refugees.
Chan, K. J., Young, M. Y., & Sharif, N. (2016) · Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne · doi:10.1037/cap0000065 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Merry, L., Pelaez, S., & Edwards, N. C. (2017) · Globalization and Health · doi:10.1186/s12992-017-0299-4 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Bangpan, M., Felix, L., & Dickson, K. (2019) · BMJ Global Health · doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001484 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Ibrahim, H., Ertl, V., Catani, C., Ismail, A. A., & Neuner, F. (2018) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-018-1140-5 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Flanagan, N., Travers, A., Vallières, F., Hansen, M., Halpin, R., Sheaf, G., Rottmann, N., & Johnsen, A. T. (2020) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2020.1790283 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Syrian refugees in Germany: Perspectives on mental health and coping strategies
Renner, A., Hoffmann, R., Nagl, M., Röhr, S., Jung, F. U. C. E., Grochtdreis, T., König, H., Riedel-Heller, S. G., & Kersting, A. (2019) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.109906 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
The migration journey and mental health: Evidence from Venezuelan forced migration
Carroll, H. A., Luzes, M., Freier, L. F., & Bird, M. (2020) · SSM - Population Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100551 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Cohen, O., Goldberg, A., Lahad, M., & Aharonson‐Daniel, L. (2016) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2016.11.008 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Amsalem, D., Haim‐Nachum, S., Lazarov, A., Levi‐Belz, Y., Markowitz, J. C., Bergman, M., Rafaeli, A. K., Brenner, L. A., Nacasch, N., Wainberg, M. L., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-84410-3 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Alemi, Q., & Stempel, C. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0196822 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Getanda, E. M., Papadopoulos, C., & Evans, H. (2015) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2085-7 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Slobodin, O., Ghane, S., & de Jong, J. T. V. M. (2018) · Intervention · doi:10.4103/intv.intv_2_18 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Kokou‐Kpolou, C. K., Moukouta, C. S., Masson, J., Bernoussi, A., Cénat, J. M., & Bacque, M. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.02.026 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Ávila, M. P. W., Corrêa, J. C., Lucchetti, A. L. G., & Lucchetti, G. (2017) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2016-0332 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Systematic review on chronic non-communicable disease in disaster settings
Ngaruiya, C., Bernstein, R., Leff, R., Wallace, L., Agrawal, P., Selvam, A., Hersey, D., & Hayward, A. S. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-13399-z · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Traumatic Experiences and Mental Health Risk for Refugees
Schlaudt, V. A., Bosson, R. S., Williams, M. T., German, B. T., Hooper, L. M., Frazier, V., Carrico, R., & Ramírez, J. A. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17061943 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
The effect of the 2019 novel coronavirus pandemic on college students in Wuhan.
Yang, D., Tu, C. C., & Dai, X. (2020) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0000930 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Adaku, A., Okello, J., Lowry, B., Kane, J. C., Alderman, S., Musisi, S., & Tol, W. A. (2016) · Conflict and Health · doi:10.1186/s13031-016-0085-6 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“through employing positive coping strategies to target stressors or their psychological consequences), others may develop mental health disorders and preexisting mental illness may go untreated [4, 5].”
Backgroundvon Haumeder, A., Ghafoori, B., & Retailleau, J. (2019) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2019.1686801 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
A qualitative study on resilience in adult refugees in Germany
Walther, L., Amann, J., Flick, U., Ta, T. M. T., Bajbouj, M., & Hahn, E. W. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10817-6 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
The Relationship Between Mental Health and Resilience: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Gheshlagh, R. G., Sayehmiri, K., Ebadi, A., Dalvandi, A., Dalvand, S., Maddah, S. S. B., & Nourozi, K. (2017) · Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal · doi:10.5812/ircmj.13537 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Shevell, M. C., & Denov, M. S. (2021) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105035 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Aizik-Reebs, A., Yuval, K., Hadash, Y., Gebremariam, S. G., & Bernstein, A. (2021) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702621998641 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Promotion of Resilience in Migrants: A Systematic Review of Study and Psychosocial Intervention
Ciaramella, M., Monacelli, N., & Cocimano, L. C. E. (2021) · Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health · doi:10.1007/s10903-021-01247-y · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Jolof, L., Rocca, P., Mazaheri, M., Okenwa-Emegwa, L., & Carlsson, T. (2022) · Conflict and Health · doi:10.1186/s13031-022-00481-x · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Shaffer, K. M., Riklin, E., Jacobs, J. M., Rosand, J., & Vranceanu, A.-M. (2016) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000001855 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Siriwardhana, C., Abas, M., Siribaddana, S., Sumathipala, A., & Stewart, R. J. (2015) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006000 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationKurt, G., İlkkurşun, Z., Javanbakht, A., Uygun, E., Kahiloğulları, A. K., & Acartürk, C. (2021) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2021.09.009 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Woltin, K., Sassenberg, K., & Albayrak‐Aydemir, N. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0206522 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Concepts of Resilience Among Trauma-Exposed Syrian Refugees
Atari-Khan, R., Covington, A. H., Gerstein, L. H., al Herz, H., Varner, B. R., Brasfield, C., Shurigar, B., Hinnenkamp, S. F., Devia, M., Barrera, S., et al. (2021) · The Counseling Psychologist · doi:10.1177/0011000020970522 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Stempel, C., Sami, N., Koga, P. M., Alemi, Q., Smith, V. J., & Shirazi, A. (2016) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph14010025 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Ekezie, W. C., Adaji, E. E., & Murray, R. L. (2020) · Health Promotion Perspectives · doi:10.15171/hpp.2020.06 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Machado, S., Wiedmeyer, M.-L., Watt, S., Servin, A. E., & Goldenberg, S. M. (2021) · Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health · doi:10.1007/s10903-021-01184-w · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Access to healthcare for the most vulnerable migrants: a humanitarian crisis
Pottie, K. C., Martin, J. P., Cornish, S., Biorklund, L., Gayton, I., Doerner, F., & Schneider, F. (2015) · Conflict and Health · doi:10.1186/s13031-015-0043-8 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Elshahat, S., & Moffat, T. (2021) · Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health · doi:10.1007/s10903-021-01215-6 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Zamora-Moncayo, E. C., Burgess, R. A., Fonseca, L., González-Gort, M., & Kakuma, R. (2021) · BMJ Global Health · doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005770 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Gambaro, E., Mastrangelo, M., Sarchiapone, M., Marangon, D., Gramaglia, C. M., Vecchi, C., Airoldi, C., Mirisola, C., Costanzo, G., Bartollino, S., et al. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02729-3 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Beauregard, C., Tremblay, J., Pomerleau, J., Simard, M., Bourgeois-Guérin, É., Lyke, C., & Rousseau, C. (2019) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/ajcp.12411 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Ekezie, W. C. (2022) · Journal of Migration and Health · doi:10.1016/j.jmh.2022.100115 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Psychological resilience and mood disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Imran, A., Tariq, S., Kapczinski, F. P., & Cardoso, T. D. A. (2022) · Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy · doi:10.47626/2237-6089-2022-0524 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Higher education as a space for promoting the psychosocial well-being of refugee students
Jack, O., Chase, E., & Warwick, I. (2018) · Health Education Journal · doi:10.1177/0017896918792588 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Arënliu, A., Bertelsen, N. S., Saad, R., Abdulaziz, H., & Weine, S. M. (2019) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/fam0000603 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Im, H., Swan, L. E. T., Warsame, A. H., & Isse, M. M. (2020) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764020978685 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Maconick, L., Ansbro, É., Ellithy, S., Jobanputra, K., Tarawneh, M., & Roberts, B. (2020) · Conflict and Health · doi:10.1186/s13031-020-00309-6 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationResilience, smartphone use and language among urban refugees in the Global south
Netto, G., Baillie, L., Georgiou, T., Teng, L. W., Endut, N., Strani, K., & O’Rourke, B. (2021) · Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies · doi:10.1080/1369183x.2021.1941818 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Addressing chronic diseases in protracted emergencies: Lessons from HIV for a new health imperative
Rabkin, M., Fouad, F. M., & El-Sadr, W. M. (2016) · Global Public Health · doi:10.1080/17441692.2016.1176226 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Getnet, B., & Alem, A. (2019) · Conflict and Health · doi:10.1186/s13031-019-0185-1 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
At zero and turning in circles: refugee experiences and coping in Durban, South Africa
Labys, C. A., Dreyer, C., & Burns, J. K. (2017) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1363461517705570 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Farahani, H., Joubert, N., Anand, J. C., Toikko, T., & Tavakol, M. H. (2021) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci10090334 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Burns, R., Wickramage, K. P., Musah, A., Siriwardhana, C., & Checchi, F. (2018) · Conflict and Health · doi:10.1186/s13031-018-0176-7 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationHashemi, N., Marzban, M., Sebar, B., & Harris, N. (2020) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764020940740 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Bangpan, M., Lambert, F., Chiumento, A., & Dickson, K. (2016) · doi:10.21201/2016.605150 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Dangmann, C. R., Solberg, Ø., Steffenak, A. K. M., Høye, S., & Andersen, P. N. (2021) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.711451 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Friedman, S. R., Smyrnov, P., & Vasylyeva, T. I. (2023) · Harm Reduction Journal · doi:10.1186/s12954-023-00855-1 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Dhungana, S., Koirala, R., Ojha, S. P., & Thapa, S. B. (2022) · SSM - Mental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmmh.2022.100135 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Carroll, H. A., Kvietok, A., Pauschardt, J., Freier, L. F., & Bird, M. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.10.010 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Kashyap, S., Page, A. C., & Joscelyne, A. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.047 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Klokgieters, S. S., van Tilburg, T. G., Deeg, D. J. H., & Huisman, M. A. (2019) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbz024 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Wuhan’s high school students
Yang, D., Swekwi, U., Tu, C.-C., & Dai, X.-Y. (2020) · Children and youth services review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105634 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Assessing exposure to war-related traumatic events in older Vietnamese war survivors
Young, Y., Korinek, K., Zimmer, Z., & Toàn, T. K. (2021) · Conflict and Health · doi:10.1186/s13031-021-00343-y · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Temporary Refugee and Migration Visas in Australia: An Occupational Health and Safety Hazard
Ziersch, A. M., Walsh, M., Due, C., & Reilly, A. (2021) · International Journal of Health Services · doi:10.1177/0020731420980688 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Tippens, J. A., Roselius, K., Padasas, I. O., Khalaf, G., Kohel, K., Mollard, E. K., & Sheikh, I. (2021) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/10497323211003059 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Adversity, emotion, and resilience among Syrian refugees in the Netherlands
Fadhlia, T. N., Sauter, D. A., & Doosje, B. (2022) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-022-00963-w · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Dance/movement therapy with resettled refugees: A guideline and framework based on empirical data
Dieterich-Hartwell, R. M., Goodill, S. W., & Koch, S. C. (2020) · The Arts in Psychotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.aip.2020.101664 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Barrita, A. M., & Wong‐Padoongpatt, G. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1198375 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Familiar, I., Muniina, P. N., Dolan, C., Ogwal, M., Serwadda, D., Kiyingi, H., Bahinduka, C. S., Sande, E., & Hladik, W. (2021) · Conflict and Health · doi:10.1186/s13031-021-00377-2 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Janousch, C., Anyan, F., Morote, R., & Hjemdal, O. (2022) · International Journal of Adolescence and Youth · doi:10.1080/02673843.2022.2091938 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Perceived discrimination and health outcomes among Asian Indians in the United States
Misra, R., & Hunte, H. E. R. (2016) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-016-1821-8 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Fadhlia, T. N., Doosje, B., & Sauter, D. A. (2024) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/15248380241284594 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
A systematic review of protective and promotive factors in refugee mental health
Nickerson, A., Mai, V., Keegan, D., Willoughby, C., Humphreys, K., Im, J. J. Y., Sundram, S., Procter, N. G., Seidler, Z. E., Scharpf, F., et al. (2024) · Nature Mental Health · doi:10.1038/s44220-024-00336-9 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Global Child and Adolescent Mental Health
Cullins, L. M., & Mian, A. I. (2015) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2015.06.010 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Coping strategies of internally displaced women in Georgia: A qualitative study
Seguin, M., Lewis, R., Razmadze, M., Amirejibi, T., & Roberts, B. (2017) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.10.014 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationÁvila, M. P. W., Corrêa, J. C., Lucchetti, A. L. G., & Lucchetti, G. (2021) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2020-0264 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Denkinger, J. K., Rometsch, C., Engelhardt, M., Windthorst, P., Graf, J., Pham, P. N., Gibbons, N., Zipfel, S., & Junne, F. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.11120 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Migrations, trauma and mental health: A literature update on psychological assessment
Brunnet, A. E., Lobo, N. D. S., Silveira, T., Kristensen, C. H., & Dérivois, D. (2020) · L Encéphale · doi:10.1016/j.encep.2020.03.009 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Orang, T. M., Missmahl, I., Gardisi, M., & Kluge, U. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0283889 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Lane, R., Taylor, H., Ellis, F., Rushworth, I., & Chiu, K. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.03.015 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Supporting Mental Health in Young Refugees: A Resilience Perspective
Vindevogel, S., & Verelst, A. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-45278-0_4 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
The Relationship Between Loneliness and Migration Among Belgian Older Adults
Witte, J. D., & Regenmortel, T. V. (2021) · Ageing International · doi:10.1007/s12126-021-09460-8 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Rivera, H. H., Lynch, J., Li, J., & Obamehinti, F. (2016) · Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne · doi:10.1037/cap0000076 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Refugees and the System: Social and Cultural Capital during U.S. Resettlement
Interiano‐Shiverdecker, C. G., Kondili, E., & Parikh, S. B. (2019) · International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling · doi:10.1007/s10447-019-09383-9 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Generational Perceptions of Support Among Congolese Refugees in Urban Tanzania
Tippens, J. A. (2019) · Global Social Welfare · doi:10.1007/s40609-019-00155-2 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Child Adversity and Trauma-Informed Care Teaching Interventions: A Systematic Review
Steen, M., Raynor, J., Baldwin, C. D., & Jee, S. H. (2022) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2021-051174 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Papola, D., Prina, E., Ceccarelli, C., Gastaldon, C., Tol, W. A., van Ommeren, M., Barbui, C., & Purgato, M. (2022) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd014300 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Neville, S. E., DiClemente-Bosco, K., Chamlagai, L. K., Bunn, M., Freeman, J. A., Berent, J. M., Gautam, B., Abdi, A., & Betancourt, T. S. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191912415 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Tippens, J. A., Erwin, S., Eller, K., Gross, R. M. D., Bearss, B., Kemp, B. R., Mollard, E. K., Njiru, L., Okwarah, P., Palmer-Wackerly, A. L., et al. (2023) · Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health · doi:10.1007/s10903-023-01516-y · Cited by 14 · see citing works
- Authors
- Siriwardhana, C., Ali, S. S., Roberts, B., & Stewart, R.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Siriwardhana, Chesmal
- Venue
- Conflict and Health
- Published
- 2014-08-20
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 13-13
- ISSN
- 1752-1505 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4149800
- OpenAlex
- W2145950737
- Cited by
- 299
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 6
- FWCI
- 1.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Conflict and Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- King's College London
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Keywords
- resilience, mental health, forced migration, armed conflict, displaced persons, protective factors, social support, collective identity, mental illness, humanitarian settings
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
