Cited by 345Food composition and propertiesGastrointestinal motility and disordersDigestive system and related health

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Can dynamic in vitro digestion systems mimic the physiological reality?

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Dupont, D., Alric, M., Blanquet-Diot, S., Bornhorst, G., Cueva, C., Deglaire, A., Denis, S., Ferrua, M., Havenaar, R., Lelieveld, J., Mackie, A. R., Marzorati, M., Menard, O., Minekus, M., Miralles, B., Recio, I., Van den Abbeele, P.·2019·Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

DOI 10.1080/10408398.2017.1421900

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Abstract

During the last decade, there has been a growing interest in understanding the fate of food during digestion in the gastrointestinal tract in order to strengthen the possible effects of food on human health. Ideally, food digestion should be studied in vivo on humans but this is not always ethically and financially possible. Therefore simple static in vitro digestion models mimicking the gastrointestinal tract have been proposed as alternatives to in vivo experiments but these models are quite basic and hardly recreate the complexity of the digestive tract. In contrast, dynamic models that allow pH regulation, flow of the food and injection in real time of digestive enzymes in the different compartments of the gastrointestinal tract are more promising to accurately mimic the digestive process. Most of the systems developed so far have been compared for their performances to in vivo data obtained on animals and/or humans. The objective of this article is to review the validation towards in vivo data of some of the dynamic digestion systems currently available in order to determine what aspects of food digestion they are able to mimic. Eight dynamic digestion systems are presented as well as their validation towards in vivo data. Advantages and limits of each simulator is discussed. This is the result of a cooperative international effort made by some of the scientists involved in Infogest, an international network on food digestion

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Swackhamer, C., Bedane, T. F., Keppler, S., et al. (2023) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112877 · Cited by 13
Self-citation
Simulated gastrointestinal digestion of beer using the simgi® model. Investigation of colonic phenolic metabolism and impact on human gut microbiota
Rodríguez-Saavedra, M., Tamargo, A., Molinero, N., de la Guía, E. R., Jiménez-Arroyo, C., Bartolomé, B., de Llano, D. G., & Moreno-Arribas, M. V. (2023) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113228 · Cited by 13
“Dynamic gastrointestinal simulators have been found useful in digestionfermentation studies of different foods and ingredients (Dupont et al., 2019; Mackie et al., 2020).”
New understanding from intestinal absorption model: How physiological features influence mass transfer and absorption
Qin, Y., Chen, X. D., Yu, A., et al. (2023) · AIChE Journal · doi:10.1002/aic.18099 · Cited by 12
Insights into the effect mechanism of acidic pH condition on the in vitro starch digestion of black highland barley semi-dried noodles
Cui, X.-R., Bai, Y., Guo, X., & Zhu, K. (2024) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130928 · Cited by 12
In vitro protein digestibility to replace in vivo digestibility for purposes of nutrient content claim substantiation in North America's context
Krul, E. S., Sá, A. G. A., Goldberg, E. M., & House, J. D. (2024) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1390146 · Cited by 15
“Harmonizing digestion techniques, exempliﬁed by standardized INFOGEST protocols, holds a signiﬁcant promise in advancing food digestion studies and crafting customized food solutions for diverse segments of the population (56, 57).”
Method
Overview of in vitro digestion methods to evaluate bioaccessibility of lipophilic compounds in foods
Faubel, N., Cilla, A., Alegrı́a, A., et al. (2022) · Food Reviews International · doi:10.1080/87559129.2022.2143520 · Cited by 11
Numerical simulation of buoyancy–driven flow in a human stomach geometry: Comparison of SPH and FVM models
Liu, X., Harrison, S. M., Fletcher, D. F., et al. (2023) · Applied Mathematical Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.apm.2023.08.004 · Cited by 11
Microencapsulation of broccoli sulforaphane using whey and pea protein: in vitro dynamic gastrointestinal digestion and intestinal absorption by Caco-2-HT29-MTX-E12 cells
Redha, A. A., Torquati, L., Bows, J. R., Gidley, M. J., & Cozzolino, D. (2024) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d4fo03446e · Cited by 11
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica virulence potential can be linked to higher survival within a dynamic in vitro human gastrointestinal model
Cavestri, C., Savard, P., Fliss, I., et al. (2021) · Food Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.fm.2021.103877 · Cited by 11
Evaluation of the performance of the human gastric simulator using durum wheat-based foods of contrasting food structure
Nadia, J., Singh, H., & Bornhorst, G. M. (2023) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d3fo00740e · Cited by 11
Self-citation
Synthesis of queuine by colonic gut microbiome via cross‐feeding
Yan, F., Xiang, S., Shi, L., & Zhu, X. (2023) · Food Frontiers · doi:10.1002/fft2.307 · Cited by 10
Digestion of Food Ingredients and Food Using an In Vitro Model Integrating Intestinal Mucosal Enzymes
Garcia‐Campayo, V., Han, S., Vercauteren, R., & Franck, A. E. (2018) · Food and Nutrition Sciences · doi:10.4236/fns.2018.96055 · Cited by 11
“Without doubt, dynamic models, capable of adjusting conditions throughout the digestion test [5] [6] [7] [8], have the ability to mimic a larger set of parameters than static models.”
Background
The final fate of food: On the establishment of in vitro colon models
Hernalsteens, S., Huang, S., Cong, H. H., & Chen, X. D. (2021) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110743 · Cited by 11
Supplementation with a cranberry extract favors the establishment of butyrogenic guilds in the human fermentation SHIME system
Cattero, V., Roussel, C., Lessard‐Lord, J., Roy, D., & Desjardins, Y. (2024) · Microbiome Research Reports · doi:10.20517/mrr.2024.17 · Cited by 10
Dynamic in vitro gastric digestion of skimmed milk using the NERDT, an advanced human biomimetic digestion system
Feng, J., Greco, I., Ménard, O., Lee, J., Jeantet, R., Dupont, D., & Feunteun, S. L. (2024) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114898 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
A proposed framework to establish in vitro – in vivo relationships using gastric digestion models for food research
Nadia, J., Roy, D., Montoya, C. A., Singh, H., Acevedo-Fani, A., & Bornhorst, G. M. (2024) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d3fo05663e · Cited by 12
Self-citation
Performance of Starch Gels on In Vitro Enzymatic Hydrolysis Assessed by Rheological Methodologies
Santamaría, M., Montes, L., Garzón, R., et al. (2022) · Starch - Stärke · doi:10.1002/star.202200189 · Cited by 10
Redesign of an instant legume soup for older adults with increased micronutrients bioaccessibility and adequate sensory attributes by using encapsulation
Arazo-Rusindo, M. C., Reano, G., Pérez‐Bravo, F., Castillo, O., Benavides, S., Zúñiga, R. N., & Mariotti‐Celis, M. S. (2023) · LWT · doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114676 · Cited by 10
Non-invasive monitoring of in vitro gastric milk protein digestion kinetics by 1H NMR magnetization transfer
Mayar, M., Miltenburg, J., Hettinga, K. A., Smeets, P. A. M., van Duynhoven, J., & Terenzi, C. (2022) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132545 · Cited by 10
Artificial gut and the applications in poultry: A review
Sharma, N. K., Wu, S., Morgan, N. K., et al. (2022) · Animal nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.aninu.2021.12.010 · Cited by 9
“164 artificial colon (ARCOL), DIDGI system (gastric and SI model), TIM-1 (gastric and SI model) and TIM-2 (large intestine model) simulator, the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME), the engineered stomach and small Intestinal-ESIN-system, and the SIMulator of the Gastrointestinal tract (simgi) (Dupont et al.,…”
Method
Comparative proteomic analysis of donor human milk treated by high-pressure processing or Holder pasteurization on undigested proteins across dynamic simulated preterm infant digestion
Pitino, M. A., O’Connor, D. L., Unger, S. L., et al. (2024) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140973 · Cited by 9
Recent advances in studying natural bioactive polysaccharides with in vitro gastrointestinal digestion models
Zeng, J.-Y., Xu, Y., Xiao, J., et al. (2025) · Discover Food · doi:10.1007/s44187-025-00433-3 · Cited by 9
CCK and GLP-1 response on enteroendocrine cells of semi-dynamic digests of hydrolyzed and intact casein
Vivanco-Maroto, S. M., Gallo, V., Miralles, B., & Recio, I. (2023) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113047 · Cited by 9
“In order to overcome cost and ethical restrictions of in vivo trials, several in vitro dynamic models have been developed during the last years to mimic food behaviour in the stomach and GE (Ferrua & Singh, 2010; Wu, Liao, Chen & Chen, 2017; Dupont et al., 2019).”
Self-citation
Benefits of the ipowder® extraction process applied to Melissa officinalis L.: improvement of antioxidant activity and in vitro gastro-intestinal release profile of rosmarinic acid
Bardot, V., Escalon, A., Ripoche, I., et al. (2020) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/c9fo01144g · Cited by 9
Self-citation
Selection and improvement of alternative raw materials for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) aquafeeds through a multiparametric screening tool
Toledo-Solís, F. J., Hilerio-Ruiz, A. G., Martínez-Antequera, F. P., et al. (2022) · Animal Feed Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115284 · Cited by 9
Food-dependent set-up of the DiDGI® dynamic in vitro system: Correlation with the porcine model for protein digestion of soya-based food
Reynaud, Y., Couvent, A., Manach, A., et al. (2020) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128276 · Cited by 9
“Some studies have investigated correlations of protein digestion between an in vivo model and a dynamic in vitro system by comparing transfers and pH modification through the digestive process (Dupont et al., 2019).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
A review of the use of numerical analysis in stomach modeling
Liu, X., Fletcher, D. F., & Bornhorst, G. M. (2024) · Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1111/1750-3841.17157 · Cited by 9
Self-citation
Bioaccessibility of Cafestol from Coffee Brew: A Metabolic Study Employing an In Vitro Digestion Model and LC-HRMS
Brand, A. L. M., Silva, A. C. R., Andriolo, C. V., Mellinger‐Silva, C., Uekane, T. M., Garrett, R., & Rezende, C. M. (2024) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.4c06411 · Cited by 8
Comparative Study of Human Milk and Infant Formulas at Different Stages Based on Dynamic In Vitro Infant Gastrointestinal Digestion: The Effect of Polar Lipids on Lutein Digestion
Wang, Y., He, X., Ding, D., Kan, J., Du, M., Cai, T., & Chen, K. (2025) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.4c11569 · Cited by 9
Engineering a Dual-Function Starch–Cellulose Composite for Colon-Targeted Probiotic Delivery and Synergistic Gut Microbiota Regulation in Type 2 Diabetes Therapeutics
Liu, R., Ding, Y., Xu, Y., Wu, Q., Chen, Y., Yan, G., Yin, D., & Yang, Y. (2025) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics17050663 · Cited by 8
“Static in vitro systems, though valuable for controlled parameter analysis, often inade-quately replicate dynamic gastrointestinal conditions such as peristaltic forces and microbiota interactions, leading to inflated efficacy predictions [49].”
High-Throughput Viability Testing of Microbial Communities in a Probiotic Product Using Flow Cytometry
Pereira, J. V., Gamage, H. K. A. H., Cain, A. K., Hayes, E., Paulsen, I. T., & Tetu, S. G. (2023) · Applied Microbiology · doi:10.3390/applmicrobiol3030074 · Cited by 8
“While the in vitro method used here to simulate stomach digestion and intestinal challenges conform with standard assays used for probiotic research [38,47,48], as discussed above, they have inherent limitations, offering only limited similarity to the complex GI transit of the human body [19,52].”
BackgroundMethod

Authors: Dupont, D., Alric, M., Blanquet-Diot, S., Bornhorst, G., Cueva, C., Deglaire, A., Denis, S., Ferrua, M., Havenaar, R., Lelieveld, J., Mackie, A. R., Marzorati, M., Menard, O., Minekus, M., Miralles, B., Recio, I., & Van den Abbeele, P.
Affiliations: Institut Agro Rennes-Angers (FR)
Université Clermont Auvergne (FR)
Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
University of California, Davis (US)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ES)
Fonterra (New Zealand) (NZ)
Triskelion, Zeist, The Netherlands
University of Leeds (GB)
Ghent University (BE)
INRA Agrocampus Ouest, STLO, Rennes, France
ProDigest BVBA, Gent, Belgium
Corresponding author: Dupont, D.
ORCID: Dupont, D.
Bornhorst, G.
Deglaire, A.
Denis, S.
Havenaar, R.
Mackie, A. R.
Marzorati, M.
Miralles, B.
Recio, I.
Venue: Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2018-01-23
Volume: 59
Issue: 10
Pages: 1546-1562
ISSN: 1040-8398 (ISSN-L)
1549-7852
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1421900
OpenAlex: W2789386374
Semantic Scholar: 6214d2a33898583215c63c2e095f1c86b1a8aab5
Cited by: 345
References: 100
Citations by year: 2026: 29 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 5
FWCI: 3.90
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
institut-agro-rennes-angers.hal.science
Licence: other-oa
Locations: Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Digestive system and related health
Keywords: gastrointestinal tract simulation, food digestion, digestive enzymes, pH control, food flows
MeSH terms: Nutrients, Animals, Digestion, Fermentation, Food, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Models, Biological, Biomimetics, Gastrointestinal Tract, In Vitro Techniques

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Can dynamic in vitro digestion systems mimic the physiological reality?

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