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Can dynamic in vitro digestion systems mimic the physiological reality?
Open accessAbstract
During the last decade, there has been a growing interest in understanding the fate of food during digestion in the gastrointestinal tract in order to strengthen the possible effects of food on human health. Ideally, food digestion should be studied in vivo on humans but this is not always ethically and financially possible. Therefore simple static in vitro digestion models mimicking the gastrointestinal tract have been proposed as alternatives to in vivo experiments but these models are quite basic and hardly recreate the complexity of the digestive tract. In contrast, dynamic models that allow pH regulation, flow of the food and injection in real time of digestive enzymes in the different compartments of the gastrointestinal tract are more promising to accurately mimic the digestive process. Most of the systems developed so far have been compared for their performances to in vivo data obtained on animals and/or humans. The objective of this article is to review the validation towards in vivo data of some of the dynamic digestion systems currently available in order to determine what aspects of food digestion they are able to mimic. Eight dynamic digestion systems are presented as well as their validation towards in vivo data. Advantages and limits of each simulator is discussed. This is the result of a cooperative international effort made by some of the scientists involved in Infogest, an international network on food digestion
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“Thus, in vitro digestion methods have been widely applied (Dupont et al. 2019; S. Lee et al. 2023; Qazi et al. 2025).”
From Designing Protein Gels for Nutrient Delivery: From Formulation to Digestion (2026) · cites this paper as Dupont et al. 2019
In the citing paper
“Dynamic in vitro digestion systems mimic closely the physiological conditions of human digestion tract compared to that of in vitro static method.”
From Designing Protein Gels for Nutrient Delivery: From Formulation to Digestion (2026) · cites this paper as Dupont et al. 2019
In the citing paper
“while in vitro dynamic models have more physiologically complex simulations, such as the gradual addition of digestive juices, gastric emptying, gastrointestinal motility, or morphology (Dupont et al. 2019).”
From Designing Protein Gels for Nutrient Delivery: From Formulation to Digestion (2026) · cites this paper as Dupont et al. 2019
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“Nevertheless, in vitro digestion models are generally considered simplified approximations of in vivo processes and cannot fully reproduce the physiological conditions of human digestion [62,63], which the present study assessed by measuring PPAR in vivo.”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Dupont, D., Alric, M., Blanquet-Diot, S., Bornhorst, G., Cueva, C., Deglaire, A., Denis, S., Ferrua, M., Havenaar, R., Lelieveld, J., Mackie, A. R., Marzorati, M., Menard, O., Minekus, M., Miralles, B., Recio, I., & Van den Abbeele, P.
- Affiliations
- Institut Agro Rennes-Angers (FR)
- Université Clermont Auvergne (FR)
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ES)
- Fonterra (New Zealand) (NZ)
- Triskelion, Zeist, The Netherlands
- University of Leeds (GB)
- Ghent University (BE)
- INRA Agrocampus Ouest, STLO, Rennes, France
- ProDigest BVBA, Gent, Belgium
- Corresponding author
- Dupont, D.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2018-01-23
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1546-1562
- ISSN
- 1040-8398 (ISSN-L)
- 1549-7852
- OpenAlex
- W2789386374
- Semantic Scholar
- 6214d2a33898583215c63c2e095f1c86b1a8aab5
- Cited by
- 345
- References
- 100
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 5
- FWCI
- 3.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Digestive system and related health
- Keywords
- gastrointestinal tract simulation, food digestion, digestive enzymes, pH control, food flows
- MeSH terms
- Nutrients, Animals, Digestion, Fermentation, Food, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Models, Biological, Biomimetics, Gastrointestinal Tract, In Vitro Techniques
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