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Zoo Animal Welfare: The Human Dimension
Open accessAbstract
Standards and policies intended to safeguard nonhuman animal welfare, whether in zoos, farms, or laboratories, have tended to emphasize features of the physical environment. However, research has now made it clear that very different welfare outcomes are commonly seen in facilities using similar environments or conforming to the same animal welfare requirements. This wide variation is almost certainly due, at least in part, to the important effects of the actions of animal care staff on animal welfare. Drawing mostly on the farm animal literature, we propose that this "human dimension" of animal welfare involves seven components: (1) positive human-animal interaction, (2) consistency and familiarity of keepers, (3) treating animals as individuals and taking account of their personalities, (4) the attitudes and personalities of keepers, (5) the keepers' knowledge and experience, (6) the keepers' own well-being, and (7) the influence of facility design on how keepers and others interact with the animals. We suggest that attention to these human factors provides major scope for improving the welfare of animals in zoos.
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The study of human impacts on animal welfare in captive settings first arose in the production animal industry in the late 1970s when studies showed wide variation in basic welfare outcomes even when animals were kept in similar physical environments.
“The study of human impacts on animal welfare in captive settings first arose in the production animal industry in the late 1970s when numerous studies showed wide variation in basic welfare outcomes, even when animals were kept in similar physical environments [17].”
From The visitor effect on zoo animals: implications and opportunities for zoo animal welfare (2019) · cites this paper as [17]
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
The visitor effect on zoo animals: implications and opportunities for zoo animal welfare
Sherwen, S. L., & Hemsworth, P. H. (2019) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani9060366 · Cited by 267
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Metadata
- Authors
- Cole, J., & Fraser, D.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Cole, Justine
- ORCID
- Fraser, David
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2018-08-31
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- sup1
- Pages
- 49-58
- ISSN
- 1088-8705 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-7604
- OpenAlex
- W2895802967
- Cited by
- 76
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 8.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- WBI Studies Repository (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Human-Animal Interaction Studies
- Social Sciences › Law › Animal Law and Welfare
- Keywords
- zoo animal welfare, human-animal interaction, facility design, animal welfare standards, livestock welfare
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Animal Husbandry, Animal Welfare, Animals, Zoo, Behavior, Animal, Human-Animal Bond, Humans, Personality, Recognition, Psychology
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