Animal–visitor interactions in the modern zoo: Conflicts and interventions

How does the zoo environment affect the behaviour of captive primates?

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Zoo animals and their human audiences: what is the visitor effect?

Hosey, G. R. (2000) · Animal Welfare · doi:10.1017/s0962728600022946 · Cited by 249 · see citing works

Visitors excite primates in zoos

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Exhibit Design and Visitor Behavior: Empirical Relationships

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Relationships between patterns of Fecal corticoid excretion and behavior, reproduction, and environmental factors in captive black (Diceros bicornis) and white (Ceratotherium simum) rhinoceros

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The modern zoo: How do people perceive zoo animals?

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Effect of felid activity on zoo visitor interest

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A note on the influence of visitors on the behaviour and welfare of zoo-housed gorillas

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Factors Influencing Zoo Visitors' Conservation Attitudes and Behavior

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Design and perception: Making the zoo experience real

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Effects of browse, human visitors and noise on the behaviour of captive orang-utans

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Enhancing the Zoo Visitor’s Experience by Public Animal Training and Oral Interpretation at an Otter Exhibit

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Evidence that zoo visitors influence HPA activity in spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyii rufiventris)

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Zoos as a source of free choice learning

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Environmental influences on stereotypy and the activity budget of Indian leopards (Panthera pardus) in four zoos in Southern India

Mallapur, A., & Chellam, R. (2002) · Zoo Biology · doi:10.1002/zoo.10063 · Cited by 105 · see citing works

People's Perceptions of Animals

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The influence of a camouflage net barrier on the behaviour, welfare and public perceptions of zoo-housed gorillas

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More on the ‘influence’ of zoo visitors on the behaviour of captive primates

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Animal Activity and Visitor Learning at the Zoo

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The influence of an interactive educational approach on visitors' learning in a Swiss zoo

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Retreat space and human visitor density moderate undesirable behavior in petting zoo animals

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Cross-species interaction and communication: A study method applied to captive siamang (Hylobates syndactylus) and long-billed corella (Cacatua tenuirostris) contacts with humans

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Reactions of zoo visitors to free‐ranging monkeys

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The effects of zoo environments on public attitudes toward endangered wildlife

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Threats to observers, keepers, visitors, and others by zoo mangabeys (Cercocebus galeritus chrysogaster)

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Cage location effects on visitor attendance at three Sacramento Zoo mangabey enclosures

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The Development of Stereotyped Body Rocking in Chimpanzees(Pan Troglodytes)Reared in a Variety Of Nursery Settings

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Untitled work

Kratochvil (1997) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2361(1997)16:4

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The visitor effect on zoo animals: implications and opportunities for zoo animal welfare

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Human-Animal Interactions, Relationships and Bonds: A Review and Analysis of the Literature

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The Customer Isn't Always Right—Conservation and Animal Welfare Implications of the Increasing Demand for Wildlife Tourism

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The 24/7 approach to promoting optimal welfare for captive wild animals

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What Is the Zoo Experience? How Zoos Impact a Visitor’s Behaviors, Perceptions, and Conservation Efforts

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Cognitive enrichment and welfare: Current approaches and future directions

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The Public Face of Zoos: Images of Entertainment, Education and Conservation

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Travel motivation and tourist satisfaction with wildlife tourism experiences in Gonarezhou and Matusadona National Parks, Zimbabwe

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Visitor attraction management: A critical review of research 2009–2014

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Measurement of visitors' satisfaction with public zoos in Korea using importance-performance analysis

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Combining GPS & survey data improves understanding of visitor behaviour

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A Global Review of Animal–Visitor Interactions in Modern Zoos and Aquariums and Their Implications for Wild Animal Welfare

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Visitor Effects on the Behavior of Captive Western Lowland Gorillas: The Importance of Individual Differences in Examining Welfare

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Animal Training, Environmental Enrichment, and Animal Welfare: A History of Behavior Analysis in Zoos

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Evaluation of Factors Affecting Emotional Responses in Zoo Visitors and the Impact of Emotion on Conservation Mindedness

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What’s new from the zoo? An analysis of ten years of zoo-themed research output

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Kinecting with Orangutans

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Visitor effects on zoo orangutans in two novel, naturalistic enclosures

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Hediger revisited: how do zoo animals see us?

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Putting the “E” in SPIDER: Evolving Trends in the Evaluation of Environmental Enrichment Efficacy in Zoological Settings

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A multi-enclosure study investigating the behavioural response of meerkats to zoo visitors

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Zoo Animal Welfare: The Human Dimension

Cole, J., & Fraser, D. (2018) · Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science · doi:10.1080/10888705.2018.1513839 · Cited by 76 · see citing works

Relationship between behavior, adrenal activity, and environment in zoo‐housed western lowland gorillas (<i>Gorilla gorilla gorilla</i>)

Clark, F. E., Fitzpatrick, M., Hartley, A., King, A. J., Lee, T., Routh, A., Walker, S. L., & George, K. (2012) · Zoo Biology · doi:10.1002/zoo.20396 · Cited by 75 · see citing works

Effects of visual contact with zoo visitors on Black-capped capuchin welfare

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Animal-Visitor Interactions and the Visitor Experience: Visitor Behaviors, Attitudes, Perceptions, and Learning in the Modern Zoo

Learmonth, M. J., Chiew, S. J., Godinez, A. M., & Fernandez, E. J. (2021) · Animal Behavior and Cognition · doi:10.26451/abc.08.04.13.2021 · Cited by 70 · see citing works

How environmental enrichment affects behavioral and glucocorticoid responses in captive blue-and-yellow macaws ( Ara ararauna )

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Training as enrichment: A critical review

Fernandez, E. J. (2022) · Animal Welfare · doi:10.7120/09627286.31.1.001 · Cited by 69 · see citing works

Interactive technology and human–animal encounters at the zoo

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The Role of Zoos and Aquariums in a Changing World

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Freedom and Animal Welfare

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Conservation Education: Are Zoo Animals Effective Ambassadors and Is There Any Cost to Their Welfare?

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Human–Animal Interactions in Zoos: What Can Compassionate Conservation, Conservation Welfare and Duty of Care Tell Us about the Ethics of Interacting, and Avoiding Unintended Consequences?

Learmonth, M. J. (2020) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani10112037 · Cited by 63 · see citing works

Effects of Regulating Visitor Viewing Proximity and the Intensity of Visitor Behaviour on Little Penguin (Eudyptula minor) Behaviour and Welfare

Chiew, S. J., Butler, K. L., Sherwen, S. L., Coleman, G. J., Fanson, K. V., & Hemsworth, P. H. (2019) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani9060285 · Cited by 61 · see citing works

Complexities of Using Wild versus Captive Activity Budget Comparisons for Assessing Captive Primate Welfare

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Are we ignoring neutral and negative human-animal relationships in zoos?: Negative Zoo Human-Animal Relationships

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Behaviour-based husbandry—a holistic approach to the management of abnormal repetitive behaviors

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Measuring welfare in captive flamingos: Activity patterns and exhibit usage in zoo-housed birds

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Do naturalistic enclosures provide suitable environments for zoo animals?

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Program animal welfare: Using behavioral and physiological measures to assess the well-being of animals used for education programs in zoos

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A review of wildlife ecotourism in Manaus, Brazil

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Visitor Behaviors and Perceptions of Jaguar Activities

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Behaviour and welfare: the visitor effect in captive felids

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Co-Designing with Orangutans

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Effects of guest feeding programs on captive giraffe behavior: Guest Feeding Impacts on Giraffe Behavior

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The Societal Value of the Modern Zoo: A Commentary on How Zoos Can Positively Impact on Human Populations Locally and Globally

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Impacts of visitor number on Kangaroos housed in free-range exhibits: Kangaroo Welfare in Free-Range Exhibits

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Naturalism and ACI

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The influence of visitor interaction on the behavior of captive crowned lemurs (<i>Eulemur coronatus</i>) and implications for welfare: Effects of Visitor Feed Experiences on Behavior of a Group of Crowned Lemurs and Implications for Welfare

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Ex Situ Conservation of Biodiversity with Particular Emphasis to Ethiopia

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Use of salivary cortisol to evaluate the influence of rides in dromedary camels

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The effects of environmental and visitor variables on the behavior of free‐ranging ring‐tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) in captivity

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A Comparison of Zoo Animal Behavior in the Presence of Familiar and Unfamiliar People

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The effect of the zoo setting on the behavioural diversity of captive gentoo penguins and the implications for their educational potential

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Exotic animal cafes are increasingly home to threatened biodiversity

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The impact of visitors on non-primate species in zoos: a quantitative review

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Evaluating the Behavior and Temperament of African Penguins in a Non-Contact Animal Encounter Program

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Nonhuman primate abnormal behavior: Etiology, assessment, and treatment

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Evaluating the effectiveness of live animal shows at delivering information to zoo audiences

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Visitor presence and a changing soundscape, alongside environmental parameters, can predict enclosure usage in captive flamingos

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Advancing Behavior Analysis in Zoos and Aquariums

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Public Feeding Interactions as Enrichment for Three Zoo-Housed Elephants

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Effect of weather conditions and presence of visitors on adrenocortical activity in captive African penguins (Spheniscus demersus)

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Studying primate personality in zoos: implications for the management, welfare and conservation of great apes

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Animal-Visitor Interactions: Effects, Experiences, and Welfare

Fernandez, E. J., & Chiew, S. J. (2021) · Animal Behavior and Cognition · doi:10.26451/abc.08.04.01.2021 · Cited by 31 · see citing works

Could gamification improve visitors’ engagement?

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Individual differences in zoo‐housed squirrel monkeys' (Saimiri sciureus) reactions to visitors, research participation, and personality ratings

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Training penguins to interact with enrichment devices for lasting effects

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Effect of Covering a Visitor Viewing Area Window on the Behaviour of Zoo-Housed Little Penguins (Eudyptula minor)

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Conservation Education Impacts of Animal Ambassadors in Zoos

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Human–animal relationships in zoo‐housed orangutans (P. abelii) and gorillas (G. g. gorilla): The effects of familiarity

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Benefits of naturalistic free-ranging primate displays and implications for increased human–primate interactions

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PRIMATE CONSERVATION—AN EVALUATION OF TWO DIFFERENT EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS IN GERMANY

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Motion Illusions as Environmental Enrichment for Zoo Animals: A Preliminary Investigation on Lions (Panthera leo)

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Widespread Behavioral Responses by Mammals and Fish to Zoo Visitors Highlight Differences between Individual Animals

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Individual Effects of Seasonal Changes, Visitor Density, and Concurrent Bear Behavior on Stereotypical Behaviors in Captive Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus)

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Zoological education: Can it change behaviour?

Collins, C. K., Quirke, T., McKeown, S., Flannery, K., Kennedy, D., & O’Riordan, R. M. (2019) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2019.104857 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

'Bearly' Changing with the Seasons: Bears of Five Species Show Few Behavioral Changes Across Seasons and at Varying Visitor Densities

Bernstein‐Kurtycz, L. M., Koester, D. C., Snyder, R. J., Vonk, J. M., Willis, M. A., & Lukas, K. E. (2021) · Animal Behavior and Cognition · doi:10.26451/abc.08.04.07.2021 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

Human Positioning in Close-Encounter Photographs and the Effect on Public Perceptions of Zoo Animals

Shaw, M. N., McLeod, E. M., Borrie, W. T., & Miller, K. K. (2021) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani12010011 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

Preliminary investigation of the effects of a concert on the behavior of zoo animals

Harley, J. J., Rowden, L. J., Clifforde, L. M., Power, A., & Stanley, C. R. (2022) · Zoo Biology · doi:10.1002/zoo.21676 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

Applied behavior analysis and the zoo: Forthman and Ogden (1992) thirty years later

Fernandez, E. J., & Martin, A. L. (2022) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1002/jaba.969 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

Effects of visitor numbers on captive European red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) and impacts on visitor experience

Woolway, E. E., & Goodenough, A. E. (2017) · Zoo Biology · doi:10.1002/zoo.21357 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

The effects of zoo visitors on Quokka (<i>Setonix brachyurus</i>) avoidance behavior in a walk‐through exhibit

Learmonth, M. J., Sherwen, S., & Hemsworth, P. H. (2018) · Zoo Biology · doi:10.1002/zoo.21433 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

Experiencing Polar Bears in the Zoo: Feelings and Cognitions in Relation to a Visitor's Conservation Attitude

Marseille, M. M., Elands, B. H. M., & van den Brink, M. L. (2012) · Human Dimensions of Wildlife · doi:10.1080/10871209.2012.631208 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

Pond Use by Captive African Penguins (<i>Spheniscus demersus</i>) in an Immersive Exhibit Adjacent to Human Bathers

Ozella, L., Favaro, L., Carnovale, I., & Pessani, D. (2015) · Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science · doi:10.1080/10888705.2014.977384 · Cited by 24 · see citing works

The Effects of Increasing Visitor and Noise Levels on Birds Within a Free-flight Aviary Examined Through Enclosure Use and Behavior

Blanchett, M., Finegan, E. J., & Atkinson, J. L. (2020) · Animal Behavior and Cognition · doi:10.26451/abc.07.01.05.2020 · Cited by 24 · see citing works

Advantages of aviaries and the A viary D atabase P roject: a new approach to an old housing option for birds

Bračko, A., & King, C. E. (2013) · International Zoo Yearbook · doi:10.1111/izy.12035 · Cited by 23 · see citing works

The effect of visitors on the behavior of zoo‐housed western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)

Lewis, R. N., Chang, Y., Ferguson, A., Lee, T., Clifforde, L. M., & Abeyesinghe, S. M. (2020) · Zoo Biology · doi:10.1002/zoo.21552 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Assessing the Visitor and Animal Outcomes of a Zoo Encounter and Guided Tour Program with Ambassador Cheetahs

Whitehouse‐Tedd, K., Lozano-Martinez, J., Reeves, J., Page, M., Martin, J. H., & Prozesky, H. (2021) · Anthrozoös · doi:10.1080/08927936.2021.1986263 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Behavioral Monitoring of Big Cats Involved in ‘Behind-the-Scenes’ Zoo Visitor Tours

Szokalski, M. S., Foster, W. K., & Litchfield, C. A. (2013) · International Journal of Comparative Psychology · doi:10.46867/ijcp.2013.26.01.02 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Conservation education in zoos: A literature review

Nygren, N. V., & Ojalammi, S. (2017) · TRACE ∴ Journal for Human-Animal Studies · doi:10.23984/fjhas.66540 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Exploring the Effect of the COVID-19 Zoo Closure Period on Flamingo Behaviour and Enclosure Use at Two Institutions

Kidd, P., Ford, S., & Rose, P. E. (2022) · Birds · doi:10.3390/birds3010009 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Examining the Impact of Naturalistic and Unnaturalistic Environmental Enrichment on Visitor Perception of Naturalness, Animal Welfare, and Conservation

Razal, C., & Miller, L. J. (2019) · Anthrozoös · doi:10.1080/08927936.2019.1550289 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

The Effects of Live Feeding on Swimming Activity and Exhibit Use in Zoo Humboldt Penguins (Spheniscus humboldti)

Fernandez, E. J., Myers, M., & Hawkes, N. C. (2021) · Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens · doi:10.3390/jzbg2010007 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Feeding Enrichment in a Captive Pack of European Wolves (Canis Lupus Lupus): Assessing the Effects on Welfare and on a Zoo’s Recreational, Educational and Conservational Role

Riggio, G., Mariti, C., Boncompagni, C., Corosaniti, S., Giovanni, M. D., Ogi, A., Gazzano, A., & Thomas, R. (2019) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani9060331 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

The Impact of Interpretive Messaging and Animal Handling on Visitors’ Perceptions of Animal Welfare and Empathic Reactions

Minarchek, M. J., Skibins, J. C., & Luebke, J. F. (2021) · Journal of Interpretation Research · doi:10.1177/10925872211042936 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Effects of Visitor Presence and Crowd Size on Zoo-Housed Red Kangaroos (Macropus Rufus) During and After a COVID-19 Closure

Jones, M., Gartland, K. N., & Fuller, G. A. (2021) · Animal Behavior and Cognition · doi:10.26451/abc.08.04.06.2021 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Individuals Matter: Dilemmas and Solutions in Conservation and Animal Welfare Practices in Zoos

Clay, A. S., & Visseren-Hamakers, I. J. (2022) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani12030398 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Public Attitudes in India and Australia toward Elephants in Zoos

Gurusamy, V., Tribe, A., Toukhsati, S. R., & Phillips, C. J. C. (2015) · Anthrozoös · doi:10.2752/089279315x14129350722055 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

The Effect of Regulating Zoo Visitor-Penguin Interactions on Zoo Visitor Attitudes

Chiew, S. J., Hemsworth, P. H., Sherwen, S. L., Melfi, V. A., & Coleman, G. J. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02351 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Do zoo‐housed primates retreat from crowds? A simple study of five primate species

Cairo-Evans, A., Wierzal, N. K., Wark, J. D., & Cronin, K. A. (2022) · American Journal of Primatology · doi:10.1002/ajp.23386 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Enhancing Visitor–Animal Interactions in the Modern Zoo: A Designer’s Perspective

Coe, J. C. (2024) · CABI eBooks · doi:10.1079/9781800622715.0005

The visitor effect on zoo animals: implications and opportunities for zoo animal welfare

Sherwen, S. L., & Hemsworth, P. H. (2019) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani9060366 · Cited by 267 · see citing works

The “Visitor Effect”

Davey, G. (2005) · Zoos Print Journal · doi:10.11609/jott.zpj.1319.1900-3 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

The ‘Visitor Effect’ in Non-primate Zoo Species: What Do We Know and Where Should We Go Next?

Williams, E., Hunton, V., Ward, S. J., & Hosey, G. (2024) · CABI eBooks · doi:10.1079/9781800622715.0010 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

A new protocol to investigate visitors-animals interactions in zoos considering animal welfare, visitors, and conservation education goals.

Pollastri, I., Ferrante, L., Normando, S., Florio, D., Macchi, E., Isaja, V., & de Mori, B. (2017) · Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin)