Are we ignoring neutral and negative human-animal relationships in zoos?: Negative Zoo Human-Animal Relationships
Abstract
Human-animal interactions (HAI), which may lead to human-animal relationships (HAR), may be positive, neutral, or negative in nature. Zoo studies show that visitors may be stressful, may have no effect, or may be enriching. There is also evidence that good HARs set up between animals and their keepers can have positive effects on animal welfare. However, we need to know more about negative HARs, and as a first step we attempt to do this here by considering cases where animals attack people in the zoo. Due to the sensitivity and rarity of these events data appear sparse and unsystematically collected. Here, information available in the public domain about the circumstances of these attacks has been collated to test hypotheses about negative HAIs derived from a model of zoo HARs. The limited data presented here broadly support the zoo HAR model, and suggest that attacks usually happen in unusual circumstances, where there may be a failure by the animal to recognise the HAR, or where the relationship, if there is one, does not hold; and give some support to the prediction that exposure to many keepers may impair the development of a positive HAR. This study may provide useful information for the zoo community to proactively collect systematic standardised records, which will enable a fuller understanding of zoo HARs, upon which appropriate measures might be adopted to build better zoo HARs, which are likely to positively impact zoo animal welfare, and reduce these rare incidence…
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Decades of research indicate that the effect of zoo visitors can be negative, neutral, or positive in terms of animal behavior and welfare.
“Decades of research indicate that the effect of zoo visitors can be negative, neutral, or positive in terms of animal behavior and welfare (Hosey & Melfi, 2014;Sherwen & Hemsworth, 2019).”
From Continuing challenges of elephant captivity: the captive environment, health issues, and welfare implications (2024) · cites this paper as Hosey & Melfi, 2014
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- Authors
- Hosey, G., & Melfi, V.
- Affiliations
- University of Greater Manchester (GB)
- Taronga Conservation Society Australia (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Hosey, Geoff
- Venue
- Zoo Biology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-10-18
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-8
- ISSN
- 0733-3188 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1494811143
- Cited by
- 58
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 3.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Zoo Biology (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Human-Animal Interaction Studies
- Social Sciences › Geography, Planning and Development › Geographies of human-animal interactions
- Keywords
- human-animal relations, zoo animal welfare, zookeepers
- MeSH terms
- Aggression, Animals, Animal Husbandry, Animal Welfare, Animals, Zoo, Behavior, Animal, Human-Animal Bond, Conservation of Natural Resources, Humans, Models, Psychological
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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