Few Preschool Boys and Girls with ADHD are Well-Adjusted During Adolescence
Abstract
To estimate the prevalence of being well-adjusted in adolescence, boys and girls with (n = 96) and without (n = 126) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were assessed seven times in eight years starting when they were 4-6 years of age. Symptoms of ADHD, ODD/CD, and depression/anxiety in addition to social skills and social preference were gathered using multiple methods and informants. Being well-adjusted was defined by surpassing thresholds in at least four of the five domains. At the 7- and 8-year follow-up, when youth were 11-14 years old, probands were significantly less likely to be well-adjusted relative to age- and ethnicity-matched control children. Only a minority of children with ADHD was well-adjusted in adolescence when emotional, behavioral, and social domains were considered simultaneously. Even when their ADHD symptoms improved over time, most probands exhibited significant impairment 7-8 years after their initial assessment.
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ADHD prospectively predicts negative outcomes and impairment, independent of demographic and clinical confounds.
“Independent of demographic and clinical confounds, ADHD prospectively predicts negative outcomes and impairment.”
From Risk taking and sensitivity to punishment in children with ADHD, ODD, ADHD+ODD, and controls (2011) · cites this paper as Lee et al. 2008
Diagnostic designations from the DISC have shown predictive validity in other studies of ADHD.
“Diagnostic designations from the DISC have shown predictive validity in other studies of ADHD (Owens et al. 2009; Lee et al. 2008).”
From Risk taking and sensitivity to punishment in children with ADHD, ODD, ADHD+ODD, and controls (2011) · cites this paper as Lee et al. 2008
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- Authors
- Lee, S. S., Lahey, B. B., Owens, E. B., & Hinshaw, S. P.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- University of Chicago (US)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lee, Steve S.
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
- Published
- 2007-10-04
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 373-383
- ISSN
- 0091-0627 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2835
- OpenAlex
- W2165304034
- Cited by
- 204
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 4.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH053554)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, adolescence, social adaptation, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, depression, anxiety, social skills, social preferences, longitudinal follow-up, preschool children, gender differences
- MeSH terms
- Achievement, Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Adjustment, Social Behavior, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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