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Cited by 79Suicide and Self-Harm StudiesMental Health Research TopicsMental Health via Writing

Thwarted belongingness mediates interpersonal stress and suicidal thoughts: an intensive longitudinal study with high-risk adolescents

Open access
Glenn, Catherine R., Kleiman, Evan M., Kandlur, Raksha, Esposito, Erika C., Liu, Richard T.·2022·Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology
DOI 10.1080/15374416.2021.1969654PMC PMC8957618
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Interpersonal negative life events (NLEs) have been linked to risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. However, little is known about how this risk is conferred over the short term and the mechanisms linking interpersonal NLEs to suicide risk, particularly in adolescents. This study used an intensive longitudinal design to examine thwarted belongingness with family and friends as potential mechanisms linking interpersonal NLEs to suicidal thoughts. METHOD: = 14.96 years; 64.6% female, 77.1% White), who recently received acute psychiatric care for suicide risk, were followed intensely for 28 days after discharge. Smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment was used to measure presence of interpersonal NLEs at the day level, fluctuations in thwarted belongingness with family and friends (separately) within day, and fluctuations in suicidal thoughts within day. A multi-level structural equation model was utilized to examine family thwarted belongingness and friend thwarted belongingness as parallel mediators in the relationship between interpersonal NLEs and next-day suicidal thoughts. RESULTS: Significant direct effects were observed between interpersonal NLEs and family thwarted belongingness, family thwarted belongingness and suicidal thoughts, and friend thwarted belongingness and suicidal thoughts. In addition, family, but not friend, thwarted belongingness significantly mediated the association between interpersonal NLEs and next-day suicidal thoughts. CONCLUSIONS: Interpersonal NLEs predicted greater suicidal thoughts over the short term (next day) in high-risk adolescents. Findings suggest how interpersonal NLEs may confer risk for suicidal thoughts - by reducing feelings of family belongingness. Future research is needed to examine how modifying belongingness may reduce suicide risk in adolescents.

AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

In 48 high-risk adolescents followed for 28 days after acute psychiatric care, interpersonal negative life events predicted next-day suicidal thoughts, and thwarted belongingness with family—but not friends—mediated this association. The findings suggest family belongingness is a short-term mechanism linking interpersonal stress to suicide risk in this post-discharge period.

Key findings

  • Interpersonal NLEs showed significant direct effects with family thwarted belongingness, and both family and friend thwarted belongingness showed significant direct effects with later suicidal thoughts.
  • Family thwarted belongingness significantly mediated the association between interpersonal NLEs and next-day suicidal thoughts (β = 0.048, se = 0.006, p < .001).
  • Friend thwarted belongingness did not mediate this association (β = 0.005, se = 0.006, p = .392), although it was directly related to suicidal thoughts.
  • During the EMA period, 89.6% of adolescents reported an interpersonal NLE (between-person M = 13.63, SD = 15.35); 79.2% reported a family NLE, 64.6% a peer NLE, 37.5% a romantic partner NLE, and 47.9% an interpersonal NLE with someone else.

Methods

  • Intensive longitudinal design: 48 adolescents (Mage = 14.96 years; 64.6% female, 77.1% White) recruited after acute psychiatric care for suicide risk and followed for 28 days post-discharge.
  • Smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment measured interpersonal NLEs at the day level via evening surveys, and thwarted belongingness with family and friends plus suicidal thoughts multiple times daily via signal-contingent surveys.
  • A multi-level structural equation model in lavaan tested family and friend thwarted belongingness as parallel mediators between interpersonal NLEs and next-day suicidal thoughts, using latent variable centering to separate within-person and between-person effects.

Limitations

  • Stated: the study could not examine interpersonal NLEs by category or compare them with non-interpersonal NLEs; it focused on thwarted belongingness as one mediator, though other mediators likely exist.
  • Stated: NLEs were measured at the day level, so temporal precedence required predicting next-day factors; same-day or within-day effects may have been missed, and burst designs are needed.
  • Stated: the study was well-powered for within-person analyses but underpowered for between-person moderation by demographic differences such as gender identity and race/ethnicity. Evident: the sample was small, predominantly female and White, and recruited from one urban academic medical center after acute psychiatric care, limiting generalizability.

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/15374416.2021.1969654

Cites

108 of 108 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

0 of 67 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged

  • Findingown data

    Family thwarted belongingness significantly mediated the association between interpersonal NLEs and next-day suicidal thoughts.

    “In addition, family, but not friend, thwarted belongingness significantly mediated the association between interpersonal NLEs and next-day suicidal thoughts.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Thwarted belongingness with friends did not mediate the association between interpersonal NLEs and next-day suicidal thoughts in youth.

    “Third, thwarted belongingness with friends did not mediate the association between interpersonal NLEs and next-day suicidal thoughts in youth”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Of days when a family NLE was reported, 20% co-occurred with a peer NLE.

    “And, of the days when a family NLE was reported, 20% of days co-occurred with a peer NLE.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Interpersonal NLEs predicted greater suicidal thoughts over the short term (next day) in high-risk adolescents.

    “Interpersonal NLEs predicted greater suicidal thoughts over the short term (next day) in high-risk adolescents.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    There was a significant direct effect between family thwarted belongingness and suicidal thoughts.

    “There were significant direct effects (solid black lines) in the within-person model between interpersonal NLEs and family thwarted belongingness, between family thwarted belonginess and suicidal thoughts, and between friend thwarted belongingness and suicidal thoughts.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 33
  • May combine two claims. 10

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    The sample reported more family NLEs than friend/peer NLEs.

    “(e.g., the sample reported more family NLEs than friend/peer NLEs)”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    The study included 2,733 total observations over 945 days of data.

    “The study included 2,733 total observations over 945 days of data (M = 2.89 surveys per person per day; SD = 1.33).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    In adults, interpersonal NLEs were more common on the day a suicide attempt occurred compared to the day before, when all distal risk factors were the same for that individual.

    “Even more proximal to suicidal behavior, one study using an intensive Timeline Followback methodology with adults found that interpersonal NLEs were more common on the day a suicide attempt occurred, compared to the day before, when all distal risk factors were the same for that individual, but they did not attempt suicide (Bagge et al., 2013).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
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    Premisecitation

    Loneliness mediates the association between interpersonal stress and psychological distress in adults.

    “For example, loneliness has been found to mediate the association between interpersonal stress and psychological distress in adults (Aanes et al., 2010), and the association between peer victimization and depressive symptoms in adolescents (Baker & Bugay, 2011).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Aanes et al., 2010

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  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductcitation

    Adolescents' responses to suicidal thought questions were monitored daily to assess risk and ensure safety, consistent with guidelines for conducting EMA research with high-risk youth.

    “Given the high-risk sample included in the current study, adolescents’ responses to these questions were monitored daily to assess their risk and ensure their safety (consistent with guidelines for conducting EMA research with high-risk youth; Bai et al., 2021; Nock et al., 2021).”
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    • cites Nock et al., 2021

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  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

    Premisenone given

    This level of temporal sensitivity (examining how NLEs relate to STB risk over the subsequent hours and day) has not been examined in youth.

    “However, this level of temporal sensitivity (i.e., examining how NLEs relate to STB risk over the subsequent hours and day) has not been examined in youth.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    In adults, NLEs (both interpersonal and non-interpersonal) were contemporaneously related to greater suicidal thoughts that day.

    “In addition, a recent daily diary study (i.e., one daily assessment) with adults found that NLEs (both interpersonal and non-interpersonal) were contemporaneously related to greater suicidal thoughts that day (Franz et al., 2021).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Franz et al., 2021

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  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    The interpersonal theory of suicide posits that thwarted belongingness is a mediator between NLEs and suicide ideation.

    “This finding is consistent with the interpersonal theory of suicide (Van Orden et al., 2010), which posits that thwarted belongingness is a mediator between NLEs and suicide ideation.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Van Orden et al., 2010

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  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Among adolescents, interpersonal NLEs related to family, peers, and romantic partners are the most strongly linked to STBs.

    “Among adolescents, interpersonal NLEs related to family (e.g., conflict, rejection), peers (e.g., rejection, exclusion, victimization), and romantic partners (e.g., relationship break-ups) are the most strongly linked to STBs (Beautrais et al., 1997; Cheek, Goldston, et al., 2020; Fergusson et al., 2000; Holt et al., 2015).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Beautrais et al., 1997

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    • cites Cheek, Goldston, et al., 2020

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    • cites Fergusson et al., 2000

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  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductcitation

    The INQ has demonstrated good psychometric properties in adolescents.

    “The INQ is a self-report measure developed to assess thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness related to the interpersonal theory of suicide (Van Orden et al., 2012), and has demonstrated good psychometric properties in adolescents (Hill et al., 2020).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Hill et al., 2020

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    Study design and conductcitation

    The MINI-Kid has demonstrated good psychometric properties in adolescents.

    “To characterize the sample, adolescents’ major psychiatric disorders were assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-Kid)—a brief, fully structured diagnostic interview that has demonstrated good psychometric properties in adolescents (Duncan et al., 2018).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Duncan et al., 2018

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  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Thwarted belongingness mediated the link between bullying and suicide ideation in an adult outpatient sample.

    “Moreover, in an adult outpatient sample, thwarted belongingness mediated the link between bullying and suicide ideation (Brailovskaia et al., 2020).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Brailovskaia et al., 2020

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  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    In adults, family NLEs, but not general NLEs, predicted greater suicide ideation that day.

    “Greater temporal resolution comes from an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study with adults finding that family NLEs, but not general NLEs, predicted greater suicide ideation that day (Husky et al., 2017).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Husky et al., 2017

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  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Prior mediation research on this topic was cross-sectional and unable to establish temporal precedence.

    “Although promising, a major limitation of this prior mediation research is that all studies were cross-sectional and therefore unable to establish the temporal precedence needed for mediation (Cole & Maxwell, 2003).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Cole & Maxwell, 2003

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  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductcitation

    The four suicidal thought items were adapted from prior EMA studies with adolescents and adults.

    “During the multiple SC surveys daily, adolescents reported their momentary suicidal thoughts, using four items adapted from prior EMA studies with adolescents (Nock et al., 2009) and adults (Kleiman et al., 2017).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
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    • cites Kleiman et al., 2017

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  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductcitation

    The C-SSRS has been validated in adolescents.

    “The C-SSRS has been validated in adolescents (Brent et al., 2009; Gipson et al., 2015).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Brent et al., 2009

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    • cites Gipson et al., 2015

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  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductcitation

    Items from the INQ have been adapted to measure belongingness in prior EMA studies with adults and a daily diary study with adolescents.

    “Items from the INQ have been adapted to measure belongingness in prior EMA studies with adults (Hallensleben et al., 2019; Kyron et al., 2018) and a daily diary study with adolescents (Czyz et al., 2019).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Hallensleben et al., 2019

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    • cites Kyron et al., 2018

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    • cites Czyz et al., 2019

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  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Peer relationship difficulties are linked with STBs.

    “consistent research indicating that peer relationship difficulties are linked with STBs (Cheek, Reiter-Lavery, et al., 2020).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Cheek, Reiter-Lavery, et al., 2020

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  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    Not all stressors, and not even all interpersonal stressors, will increase STB risk for youth.

    “Not all stressors, and not even all interpersonal stressors, will increase STB risk for youth.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Family connectedness has been most consistently and robustly linked to reduced risk for STBs.

    “In fact, family connectedness has been most consistently and robustly linked to reduced risk for STBs (Whitlock et al., 2014).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Whitlock et al., 2014

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductreasoning

    The study was not designed to measure the temporal course of how interpersonal NLEs impact belongingness with friends.

    “An alternative interpretation is that the study was not designed to measure the temporal course of how interpersonal NLEs impact belongingness with friends.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationown data

    Belongingness may be a promising target for youth who experience interpersonal stressors to reduce their risk for suicide.

    “Belongingness may be a promising target for youth who experience interpersonal stressors to reduce their risk for suicide.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductcitation

    The study focused on thwarted belongingness as one specific mechanism linking interpersonal NLEs to suicidal thoughts, but there are likely other potential mediators that may play a role.

    “Second, this study focused on thwarted belongingness as one specific mechanism linking interpersonal NLEs to suicidal thoughts, but there are likely other potential mediators that may play a role (e.g., Franz et al., 2021).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Franz et al., 2021

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  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductreasoning

    This type of missingness is expected in multi-level modelling and is not something that can be imputed.

    “This type of missingness is expected in multi-level modelling (effectively only leading to unevenly spaced data) and is not something that can be imputed.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Study design and conductown data

    The study examined one temporal association given the structure of the data.

    “Third, this study examined one temporal association given the structure of the data.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Peers can provide social support and protection against STBs.

    “although peers can provide social support and protection against STBs”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Whitlock et al., 2014

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    Premisecitation

    Greater connectedness to others (family, peers, school, community) relates to reduced risk for STBs, even during the high-risk post-hospitalization period.

    “Greater connectedness to others (family, peers, school, community) relates to reduced risk for STBs (Whitlock et al., 2014), even during the high-risk post-hospitalization period (e.g., Czyz et al., 2012).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Whitlock et al., 2014

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    • cites Czyz et al., 2012

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    Premisecitation

    Peers can increase STB risk if they engage in suicidal behavior or hold STB-promoting attitudes.

    “peers can also increase STB risk if they also engage in suicidal behavior (social contagion) or hold STB-promoting attitudes (Whitlock et al., 2014).”
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    • cites Whitlock et al., 2014

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  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductreasoning

    If the impact on friend belongingness was shorter (within day) or longer (more than one day), it would not be captured in the current study.

    “For instance, if the impact on friend belongingness was shorter (i.e., within day, rather than between day measured in this study) or longer (more than one day), it would not be captured in the current study.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductcitation

    The association between interpersonal NLEs and next-day suicidal thoughts was significant when NLEs were used to predict next-day suicidal thoughts, establishing temporal precedence and suggesting robustness.

    “Notably, this association was significant when NLEs were used to predict next-day suicidal thoughts (in order to establish temporal precedence; Kraemer et al., 1997), suggesting the robustness of these effects for youth.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Kraemer et al., 1997

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  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    EMA data were missing at the survey level rather than at the item level.

    “EMA data were missing at the survey level (i.e., a survey was not completed) rather than at the item level (i.e., all items in a single survey were completed).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductreasoning

    NLEs were measured at the day level; therefore, to assume temporal precedence, they could only be used to predict next-day factors.

    “That is, NLEs were measured at the day level; therefore, to assume temporal precedence, they could only be used to predict next-day factors.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    The study was unable to examine interpersonal NLEs by category (e.g., family, peer), and how the impact of interpersonal NLEs compares to non-interpersonal NLEs over this high-risk period.

    “However, we were unable to examine interpersonal NLEs by category (e.g., family, peer), and how the impact of interpersonal NLEs compares to non-interpersonal NLEs over this high-risk period”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Interventions and preventions that aim to increase social connection have shown some effectiveness for reducing suicide ideation in adults.

    “Interventions and preventions that aim to increase social connection have shown some effectiveness for reducing suicide ideation in adults (Comtois et al., 2019; Wyman et al., 2020).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Comtois et al., 2019

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    • cites Wyman et al., 2020

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    Premisecitation

    Family connectedness is a protective factor for youth.

    “The importance of belongingness with family is also evidenced by research indicating that family connectedness is a protective factor for youth (Cuesta et al., 2021; Steiner et al., 2019; Xiao & Lindsey, 2021).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Cuesta et al., 2021

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    • cites Steiner et al., 2019

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    • cites Xiao & Lindsey, 2021

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    Premisecitation

    A review of evidence-based treatments for STBs among youth suggests that effective interventions include a central family component, such as family skills training.

    “Notably, a review of evidence-based treatments for STBs among youth (Glenn et al., 2019) suggests that effective interventions include a central family component, such as family skills training (e.g., family communication).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Glenn et al., 2019

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36 of 36

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Interpersonal NLEs are relevant for youth.

    “This study focused on interpersonal NLEs, given their relevance for youth, and specific mediators of interest.”
1 of 1

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Negative interpersonal events were associated with increased next-day suicidal ideation.

    “Negative interpersonal events were also associated with increased next-day suicidal ideation (73).”

    From Don't Miss the Moment: A Systematic Review of Ecological Momentary Assessment in Suicide Research (2022) · cites this paper as [73]

  • Most reports failed to establish independent temporal predictors of suicidal ideation severity: of twelve articles fitting temporal prediction models, four failed to establish significant predictors after accounting for ideation at the previous time point, and five did not control for prior ideation.

    “Most reports failed to establish independent temporal predictors of suicidal ideation severity: of twelve articles fitting temporal prediction models (47, 51, 52, 55–57, 60, 73, 74, 76, 77), four failed to establish significant predictors after accounting for ideation at the previous time point (47, 52, 55), and five did not control for prior ideation (51, 60, 73, 74, 76).”

    From Don't Miss the Moment: A Systematic Review of Ecological Momentary Assessment in Suicide Research (2022) · cites this paper as [73]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • Suicidal-thoughts measurement model exceeds the stated RMSEA cutoff

    Minor

    The paper calls this model's fit acceptable, but its RMSEA of .134 exceeds the paper's stated cutoff of .08.

  • Structural model is called acceptable despite failing stated fit cutoffs

    Minor

    The structural model's CFI of .856 is below the stated .95 cutoff, and its RMSEA of .091 is above the stated .08 cutoff, yet the paper calls its fit acceptable.

2 of 2

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. 10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101936 · DOI
  2. JED Foundation. (2017). JED’S comprehensive approach to mental health promotion and suicide prevention. JED foundation. https://www.jedfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/JED-Comprehensive-Approach_FINAL_July19.pdf
  3. The Trevor Project. (2021). 2021 national survey on LGBTQ youth mental health.

Cited by

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Related

Authors
Glenn, C. R., Kleiman, E. M., Kandlur, R., Esposito, E. C., & Liu, R. T.
Affiliations
  • University of Rochester Medicine (US)
  • Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
  • Old Dominion University (US)
  • University of Rochester (US)
  • Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author
Glenn, Catherine R.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2021-09-27
Volume
51
Issue
3
Pages
295-311
ISSN
  • 1537-4416 (ISSN-L)
  • 1537-4424
DOI
10.1080/15374416.2021.1969654
PMC
PMC8957618
OpenAlex
W3203457114
Cited by
79
References
104
Citations by year
2026: 15 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 6
FWCI
6.48
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • American Foundation for Suicide Prevention (YIG-1-054-16)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (L30 MH101616)
  • University of Rochester Medical Center
  • University of Rochester’s Institutional Review Board (RSRB00066408)
  • Medical Center, University of Rochester (Pilot Grant)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health via Writing
Keywords
thwarted belongingness, suicidal ideation, adolescents, suicide risk, mediation, acute psychiatric care, ecological momentary assessment
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Psychological Theory, Risk Factors, Suicide, Friends, Suicidal Ideation

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