Mindfulness-based interventions in the workplace: An inclusive systematic review and meta-analysis of their impact upon wellbeing
Open accessAbstract
Given the demanding nature of many professions, efforts are ongoing to develop initiatives to improve occupational wellbeing, including mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs). To assess the efficacy of MBIs, meta-analytic procedures were conducted on 35 randomized controlled trials derived from an earlier inclusive systematic literature search (covering all occupations, MBIs, and wellbeing-related outcomes). Mindfulness had moderate effects on deficit-based outcomes such as stress (SMD = −0.57), anxiety (SMD = −0.57), distress (SMD = −0.56), depression (SMD = −0.48), and burnout (SMD = −0.36), and moderate to small effects on asset-based outcomes like health (SMD = 0.63), job performance (SMD = 0.43), compassion and empathy (SMD = 0.42), mindfulness (SMD = 0.39), and positive wellbeing (SMD = 0.36), while no effects were observed for emotional regulation. However, the quality of the studies was inconsistent, suggesting more high-quality randomised controlled trials are needed.
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Claims the paper makes
5 of 25 cited sources checked · 3 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured
- Premisecitation
The efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions with respect to current depression is less well-established.
“its efficacy with respect to current depression less well-established (and in fact MBIs are often contraindicated in such contexts; van Dam et al., 2018).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites van Dam et al., 2018 source
- Premisecitation
Mindfulness-based interventions are often contraindicated in contexts of current depression.
“its efficacy with respect to current depression less well-established (and in fact MBIs are often contraindicated in such contexts; van Dam et al., 2018).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites van Dam et al., 2018 source
- Premisecitation
Tan et al.'s (2014) meta-analysis of nine RCTs of interventions aimed at ameliorating depression in the workplace, including but not limited to MBIs, observed a small positive effect.
“our review augments the findings of Tan et al. (2014), whose meta-analysis of nine RCTs of interventions aimed at ameliorating depression in the workplaceincluding but not limited to MBIsobserved a small positive effect.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites Tan et al. (2014) source
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
- Findingown data
Mindfulness-based interventions had a statistically significant effect on job performance (SMD = 0.43).
“job performance (SMD = 0.43)”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“job performance (SMD = 0.43)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
- Findingown data
Mindfulness-based interventions had a statistically significant effect on compassion and empathy (SMD = 0.42).
“compassion and empathy (SMD = 0.42)”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“compassion and empathy (SMD = 0.42)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
- Findingown data
Mindfulness-based interventions had a statistically significant effect on mindfulness (SMD = 0.39).
“mindfulness (SMD = 0.39)”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“mindfulness (SMD = 0.39)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
- Findingown data
Mindfulness-based interventions had a statistically significant moderate effect on stress (SMD = -0.57).
“Mindfulness had significant moderate effects on deficit-based outcomes such as stress (SMD = -0.57)”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“The strongest outcomes were with respect to health (SMD [standardized mean difference] = 0.63), stress (SMD = -0.57)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
- Findingown data
Higher QATQS scores predicted greater decreases in distress (QM = 6.12, p = .013).
“Higher QATQS scores predicted higher gains in compassion (QM = 5.65, p = .003),emotional regulation (QM = 7.90, p = .005),health (QM = 9.47, p = .019),and greater decreases in distress (QM = 6.12, p = .013).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Use of standardised MBSR versions, versus other interventions, predicted higher gains in health (Q = 4.36, p = .04).
“The use of standardised MBSR versions (versus other interventions) predicted higher gains in health (Q = 4.36, p = .04).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Higher QATQS scores predicted higher gains in emotional regulation (QM = 7.90, p = .005).
“Higher QATQS scores predicted higher gains in compassion (QM = 5.65, p = .003),emotional regulation (QM = 7.90, p = .005),health (QM = 9.47, p = .019),and greater decreases in distress (QM = 6.12, p = .013).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Mindfulness-based interventions had a statistically significant effect on positive wellbeing (SMD = 0.36).
“positive wellbeing (SMD = 0.36)”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“positive wellbeing (0.36)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
- Findingreasoning
Studies with a higher quality design produced more significant results (greater reduction in negative outcomes and/or increase in positive outcomes) for compassion, emotional regulation, distress, and health.
“(a) with a higher quality design (vis-à-vis compassion, emotional regulation, distress, and health)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Mindfulness-based interventions had no statistically significant effect on depression (SMD = -0.48).
“while no significant effects were observed for depression or emotional regulation.”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“depression (SMD = -0.48),which did not reach statistical significance”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
- Findingown data
For health, in no case did the control group have better scores than the intervention group.
“(Although heterogeneity was statistically significant in the case of health, we can consider these solid results, since in no case did the control group have better scores than the intervention group.)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
A small and non-statistically significant effect was observed for emotional regulation (SMD = 0.28).
“Finally, a small and non-statistically significant effect was observed with respect to emotional regulation (SMD = 0.28).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingnone given
Studies with a higher proportion of women in the intervention group produced more significant results (greater reduction in negative outcomes and/or increase in positive outcomes) for compassion and positive wellbeing.
“with a higher Running title: Mindfulness in the workplace proportion of women in the intervention group (vis-à-vis compassion and positive wellbeing)”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Most studies failed to deploy any kind of active control group (i.e., a non-MBI intervention that might conceivably also be beneficial, such as exercise).
“Third, most studies failed to deploy any kind of active control groupi.e., a non-MBI intervention that might conceivably also be beneficial, such as exercisewhich makes it difficult to determine the extent to which any positive results are due to mindfulness per se”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Higher QATQS scores predicted higher gains in health (QM = 9.47, p = .019).
“Higher QATQS scores predicted higher gains in compassion (QM = 5.65, p = .003),emotional regulation (QM = 7.90, p = .005),health (QM = 9.47, p = .019),and greater decreases in distress (QM = 6.12, p = .013).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Higher QATQS scores predicted higher gains in compassion (QM = 5.65, p = .003).
“Higher QATQS scores predicted higher gains in compassion (QM = 5.65, p = .003),emotional regulation (QM = 7.90, p = .005),health (QM = 9.47, p = .019),and greater decreases in distress (QM = 6.12, p = .013).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Younger age predicted higher gains in health (QM = 3.89, p = .049).
“Younger age predicted higher gains in health (QM = 3.89, p = .049).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
In both the Klatt et al. (2009) and Wolever et al. (2012) outlier cases, there were important differences in baseline between the experimental and control groups.
“We carried out a detailed analysis of these studies and we saw that in both cases there were important differences in the baseline between the experimental and control groups.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingnone given
Overall, MBIs had a generally positive impact upon most measures.
“Overall though, MBIs had a generally positive impact upon most measures.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingnone given
There is considerable heterogeneity in these designs, including with respect to the type of MBI and outcome measures used.
“Second, there is considerable heterogeneity in these designsincluding with respect to the type of MBI, and outcome measures usedwhich makes it difficult to draw meaningful conclusions about the research as a whole.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Studies using the original MBSR protocol produced more significant results (greater reduction in negative outcomes and/or increase in positive outcomes) for health.
“(b) using the original MBSR protocol (vis-à-vis health)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
A higher proportion of women in the intervention group predicted higher gains in compassion (QM = 5.97, p = .015).
“A higher proportion of women in the intervention group predicted higher gains in compassion (QM = 5.97, p = .015)and positive wellbeing (QM = 3.85, p = .05).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingnone given
Studies with younger participants produced more significant results (greater reduction in negative outcomes and/or increase in positive outcomes) for health.
“(e) with younger participants (vis-à-vis health).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingnone given
Most studies did not give sufficient details about their design (e.g., the precise nature of the MBI).
“For instance, most studies did not give sufficient details about their design (e.g., the precise nature of the MBI).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
A higher proportion of women in the intervention group predicted higher gains in positive wellbeing (QM = 3.85, p = .05).
“A higher proportion of women in the intervention group predicted higher gains in compassion (QM = 5.97, p = .015)and positive wellbeing (QM = 3.85, p = .05).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Statistically significant aggregated effect sizes were found for seven outcomes.
“statistically significant aggregated effect sizes (range: -0.57-0.63) were found for seven outcomes.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Heterogeneity was statistically significant for six outcomes.
“Heterogeneity was statistically significant for six outcomes.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Studies conducted in North America produced more significant results (greater reduction in negative outcomes and/or increase in positive outcomes) for burnout and health.
“(c) conducted in North America (vis-à-vis burnout and health)”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingnone given
Several studies found that MBIs tended to have a stronger positive effect on emotional exhaustion compared to cynicism and professional efficacy (or accomplishment).
“several studies found that MBIs tended to have a stronger positive effect on emotional exhaustion compared to the other two components.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Region moderated the effect of mindfulness-based interventions on health, with higher effect sizes for studies conducted in North America (Q = 8.34, p = .004).
“Statistically significant moderator effects were found for region regarding burnout (Q = 6.73, p = .01)and health (Q = 8.34, p = .004)with higher effect sizes for studies conducted in North America.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingnone given
The quality of the included studies was inconsistent.
“However, the quality of the studies was inconsistent, suggesting more high-quality randomised controlled trials are needed.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingnone given
The research is currently biased towards certain occupations, outcome measures, and MBIs.
“Fourth, the research is currently biased towards certain occupations, outcome measures, and MBIs.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingnone given
Studies are heavily weighted towards healthcare professionals, with a distinct paucity of research regarding most other kinds of occupations/workplaces.
“Studies are heavily weighted towards healthcare professionals, with a distinct paucity of research regarding most other kinds of occupations/workplaces.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Region moderated the effect of mindfulness-based interventions on burnout, with higher effect sizes for studies conducted in North America (Q = 6.73, p = .01).
“Statistically significant moderator effects were found for region regarding burnout (Q = 6.73, p = .01)and health (Q = 8.34, p = .004)with higher effect sizes for studies conducted in North America.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Mindfulness-based interventions had no statistically significant effect on emotional regulation.
“while no significant effects were observed for depression or emotional regulation.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationreasoning
The considerable heterogeneity in designs makes it difficult to draw meaningful conclusions about the research as a whole.
“which makes it difficult to draw meaningful conclusions about the research as a whole.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationown data
Overall, mindfulness-based interventions had a positive impact upon most outcome measures.
“Overall, MBIs had a positive impact upon most outcome measures.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationreasoning
Despite the issues with the current research base, the evidence of the value of mindfulness in the workplace remains strong.
“Nevertheless, despite the issues with the current research base, the evidence of the value of mindfulness in the workplace remains strong”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationown data
These findings corroborate and strengthen the result of Virgili's (2013) meta-analysis of the impact of 19 MBIs on psychological distress in the workplace, which observed a medium-to-large effect size.
“These findings corroborate and indeed strengthen the result of Virgili's (2013) meta-analysis of the impact of 19 MBIs on psychological distress in the workplace, which observed a medium-to-large effect size.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Virgili's (2013)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Interpretationreasoning
Despite efforts towards inclusivity, the search strategy likely did not capture all research on MBIs in the workplace that existed at the time the search was conducted (early 2016).
“To begin with, despite our efforts towards inclusivity, it is likely that our search strategy did not capture all the research on MBIs in the workplace that existed at the time the search was conducted (in early 2016).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Interpretationreasoning
There are numerous issues with both the research base and the analysis of it which limit the conclusions that can be drawn.
“However, there are numerous issues with both the research base and our analysis of it which limit the conclusions that can be drawn.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationreasoning
The lack of active control groups makes it difficult to determine the extent to which any positive results are due to mindfulness per se.
“which makes it difficult to determine the extent to which any positive results are due to mindfulness per se (a conclusion also reached by Virgili (2013) in his meta-analysis).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Virgili (2013)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 18
- The quote only partly states this claim. 5
- May combine two claims. 14
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationThe Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire involves five dimensions: describing, acting with awareness, non-judging of inner experience, and non-reactivity to inner experience.
“By contrast, the FFMQ involves five dimensions: describing, acting with awareness, non-judging of inner experience, and non-reactivity to inner experience.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites Baer, Smith, Hopkins, Krietemeyer, and Toney's (2006) source
The Deriving Mindfulness Facets section (p. 10) identifies five facets and supports all four named in the citing sentence. The sentence omits the fifth facet, observing, so its purported list of five dimensions is incomplete. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Premisenone givenThe two most popular mindfulness tools used in occupational settings are the Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale and the Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire.
“with mindfulness, the two most popular tools used in occupational settings (and indeed more generally) are Brown and Ryan's (2003) 15-item Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale (MAAS), and Baer, Smith, Hopkins, Krietemeyer, and Toney's (2006) 39item Five Facets of Mindfulness Scale FFMQ).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 2 sources checkedThe quote only partly states this claim.
Findingown dataMindfulness-based interventions had a statistically significant moderate effect on anxiety (SMD = -0.57).
“anxiety (SMD = -0.57)”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“anxiety (SMD = -0.57)and distress (SMD = -0.56)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
The quote only partly states this claim.
Findingown dataMindfulness-based interventions had a statistically significant moderate effect on distress (SMD = -0.56).
“distress (SMD = -0.56)”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“distress (SMD = -0.56)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
The quote only partly states this claim.
Findingown dataMindfulness-based interventions had a statistically significant moderate effect on burnout (SMD = -0.36).
“and burnout (SMD = -0.36)”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“and burnout (SMD = -0.36)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
The quote only partly states this claim.
Findingown dataMindfulness-based interventions had a statistically significant effect on health (SMD = 0.63).
“health (SMD = 0.63)”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · boosted
“The strongest outcomes were with respect to health (SMD [standardized mean difference] = 0.63)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Also stated in: § Discussion · boosted
May combine two claims.
Findingown dataThe strongest outcomes were with respect to health, stress, anxiety, and distress.
“The strongest outcomes were with respect to health (SMD [standardized mean difference] = 0.63), stress (SMD = -0.57),anxiety (SMD = -0.57)and distress (SMD = -0.56).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataIn Wolever et al. (2012), a change in the expected direction (decrease in depression and increase in emotional regulation) occurred for both the control and the experimental groups.
“in the case of Wolever et al. (2012), a change in the expected direction (i.e.decrease in depression and increase in emotional regulation) occurred for both the control and the experimental groups.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Wolever et al. (2012) source
May combine two claims.
Findingown dataFunnel plots showed a minor tendency to report effect sizes favouring MBIs both for negative and positive outcomes, which indicates a bias towards not publishing negative results.
“Finally, when it comes to reporting the results, our funnel plots showed a minor tendency to report effect sizes favouring MBIs both for negative and positive outcomes, which indicates a bias towards not publishing negative results.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingnone givenThe majority of studies focused on MBSR (or idiosyncratic adaptations of this); there is little research into other MBIs, particularly MBIs developed specifically for the workplace.
“Fifth, the majority of studies focused on MBSR (or idiosyncratic adaptions of this); there is little research into other MBIs, particularly MBIs developed specifically for the workplace.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimThe quote only partly states this claim.
Findingown dataThere was considerable heterogeneity and variation in the strength of the effect across outcomes.
“However, there was considerable heterogeneity and variation in the strength of the effect.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataStudies are of variable quality; using the QATQS scoring method, few studies scored highly in all respects.
“First, studies are of variable quality.Using the QATQS scoring method, few studies scored highly in all respects.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingnone givenResearch predominantly assesses negative deficit-based mental health outcomes, with little attention to other outcomes relevant to the work arena, such as work engagement or creativity.
“Then, research predominantly assesses negative deficit-based mental health outcomes, with little attention to other outcomes relevant to the work arena, such as work engagement or creativity.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataSome studies, such as Klatt et al. (2009) and Wolever et al. (2012), provided conflicting scores that could be considered outliers, namely mindfulness in the former and depression and emotional regulation in the latter.
“some studies, such as Klatt et al. (2009) and Wolever et al. (2012), provided conflicting scores that could be considered outliers, namely mindfulness in the former and depression and emotional regulation in the latter.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checkedProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).
Findingnone givenA fairly large evidence-base regarding the use of mindfulness in workplace settings is gradually accumulating.
“Moreover, a fairly large evidence-base regarding the use of mindfulness in workplace settings is gradually accumulating.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Study design and conductcitationThe Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies was used to assess the quality of the studies.
“The Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies (QATQS; National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, 2008) was used to assess the quality of the studies”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, 2008
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
Study design and conductown dataTwelve authors did not reply to queries, and their studies were excluded from meta-analytic procedures.
“Twelve authors did not reply to our queries, and so their studies were excluded from meta-analytic procedures.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
PremisecitationAmong the general UK adult population, around 2.3% are estimated to experience a depressive episode at any one time, with 9% experiencing mixed anxiety and depressive disorder.
“among the general UK adult population, around 2.3% are estimated to experience a depressive episode at any one time, with 9% experiencing mixed anxiety and depressive disorder (The Health and Social Care Information Centre, 2009).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites The Health and Social Care Information Centre, 2009
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
Study design and conductown dataDue to heterogeneity in some outcomes, random effects models were used to calculate effect sizes.
“Due to heterogeneity in some outcomes, we used random effects models to calculate effect sizes.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
PremisecitationIn the UK, 27% of GPs were on the limit or likely to be depressed, and 16.8% were above the threshold on the depression scale of the Symptom Checklist 90.
“In relation to GPs in the UK, for instance, Caplan (1994) reported that 27% were on the limit or likely to be depressed, while Firth-Cozens (1998) found that 16.8% were above the threshold on the depression scale of the Symptom Checklist 90.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites Caplan (1994) source
- cites Firth-Cozens (1998)
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Study design and conductnone givenThe review protocol was registered with PROSPERO on 5th January 2016 (registration number: CRD42016032899).
“The review protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database on 5 th January 2016 (registration number: CRD42016032899).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Study design and conductcitationThe review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines.
“The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines (Moher, Liberati, Tetzlaff, & Altman, 2009).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Moher, Liberati, Tetzlaff, & Altman, 2009
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationThe Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale focuses on a single, core characteristic of mindfulness, namely open and receptive awareness.
“The MAAS focuses on a single, core characteristic of mindfulness, namely open and receptive awareness”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Brown and Ryan's (2003) source
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationThere are many hypothesised reasons for liability to depression among professions such as healthcare, including personality traits such as self-criticism and perfectionism, burdens of clinical responsibility, and workload.
“There are many hypothesised reasons for this liability to depression among those in professions such as healthcare, including personality traits such as self-criticism and perfectionism, burdens of clinical responsibility, and workload (Bright & Krahn, 2011).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Bright & Krahn, 2011
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Study design and conductown dataPublication bias was assessed using contour-enhanced funnel plots and Begg and Mazumdar tests by outcome valence.
“We assessed publication bias using contourenhanced funnel plots and Begg and Mazumdar (1994) tests by outcome valence.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Begg and Mazumdar (1994) source
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationMindfulness-based cognitive therapy can help prevent relapse of depression.
“while MBIs such as MBCT can help prevent relapse of depression (Ma & Teasdale, 2004)”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Ma & Teasdale, 2004 source
May combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningMindfulness can potentially reduce mental health issues (e.g., stress), enhance wellbeing-related outcomes (e.g., emotional regulation), and improve aspects of job performance.
“Together, these studies suggest that mindfulness can potentially reduce mental health issues (e.g., stress), enhance wellbeing-related outcomes (e.g., emotional regulation), and improve aspects of job performance.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Study design and conductreasoningActive control arms were not considered for the weighted parameters to preserve the statistical independence of assumptions and control the risk of bias due to inflation of the overall effect size's variance.
“Active control arms(John, Kumar, & Lal, 2012; Malarkey, Jarjoura, & Klatt, 2013; Shonin, Van Gordon, Dunn, Singh, & Griffiths, 2014), were not considered for the weighted parameters.We consider this necessary to preserve the statistical independence of assumptions, controlling therefore the risk of bias due to the inflation of the overall effect size's variance.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checkedProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
PremisecitationThe dominant measure of burnout is the Maslach Burnout Inventory, which has three dimensions.
“with burnout, the dominant measure is the Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach, Jackson, & Leiter, 1986), which has three dimensions:”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Maslach, Jackson, & Leiter, 1986
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
May combine two claims.
Study design and conductnone givenThe review only looked at peer-reviewed journal articles published in English that were in the MEDLINE and Scopus databases, which excludes any articles not meeting those criteria.
“For a start, we only looked at peer-reviewed journal articles published in English that were in the MEDLINE and Scopus databases, which excludes any articles not meeting those criteria.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationThe Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale has been critiqued for omitting the non-judgmental/acceptance part of mindfulness, which many regard as an essential component of mindfulness.
“although the scale has been critiqued for omitting the non-judgmental/acceptance part of mindfulness, which many regard as an essential component of mindfulness; van Dam, Sheppard, Forsyth, & Earleywine, 2011”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites van Dam, Sheppard, Forsyth, & Earleywine, 2011 source
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Study design and conductnone givenHeterogeneity was assessed for each sub-outcome using both the Q and the I2 statistics.
“Heterogeneity was assessed for each sub-outcome using both the Q and the I 2 statistics.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Study design and conductnone givenFor each outcome, moderator analyses were calculated including MBSR (versus other interventions), use of retreatments, region, type of sample, year of study, length of intervention, mean age, percentage of women, and QATQS score as covariates.
“For each outcome we calculated moderator analyses including MBSR (versus other interventions), the use of retreatments, region (North America versus the rest of the world), type of sample (students versus professionals), year of study, length of intervention, mean age of participants receiving the intervention, percentage of women receiving the intervention, and QATQS score as covariates.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of mindfulness studies in the work context have demonstrated that both deficit-oriented parameters, such as burnout and depression, and resource-oriented parameters, such as job satisfaction and work performance, can be improved through mindfulness-based programs.
“Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of mindfulness studies in the work context have demonstrated that both deficit-oriented parameters, such as burnout and depression, as well as resource-oriented parameters, such as job satisfaction and work performance, can be improved through mindfulness-based programs (Bartlett et al., 2019; Lomas et al., 2019; Richardson & Rothstein, 2008; Vonderlin et al.,”
From Mindfulness-Based and Mindfulness-Informed Interventions at the Workplace: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis of RCTs (2023) · cites this paper as Lomas et al., 2019
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports favorable findings for burnout and job performance, but says the effect on depression did not reach statistical significance. The paper does not report an improvement in job satisfaction; its outcomes include life satisfaction, which is different. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMindfulness training anticipates burnout with less emotional exhaustion and more job satisfaction.
“It further anticipates burnout [18,21] with less emotional exhaustion and more job satisfaction [22].”
From The Effectiveness of a Four-Week Online Mindfulness Training Course on Individual Mindfulness Skills and Personal Perception of Stress in Company Employees Working from Home (2022) · cites this paper as [18]
The Discussion reports a modest reduction in burnout (SMD = -0.36) and says several studies found stronger benefits for emotional exhaustion than for other burnout components. It does not establish that mindfulness training prevents the onset of burnout. Job satisfaction is attached to a separate citation [22] in the citing sentence, so it is not judged against this source. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMindfulness training has been demonstrated to positively affect depression.
“It has been demonstrated to positively affect stress, anxiety, psychological distress [17], and depression [18].”
From The Effectiveness of a Four-Week Online Mindfulness Training Course on Individual Mindfulness Skills and Personal Perception of Stress in Company Employees Working from Home (2022) · cites this paper as [18]
The Discussion reports a reduction in depression associated with workplace mindfulness-based interventions (SMD = -0.48), but says it did not reach statistical significance. It also describes evidence for preventing depression relapse, while noting that efficacy for current depression is less established. Thus, saying mindfulness training has been demonstrated to positively affect depression overstates this source's findings. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPrevious research has generally found a moderate to strong correlation between mindfulness training and emotional resilience and satisfaction.
“Previous research has generally found a moderate to strong correlation between mindfulness training and emotional resilience and satisfaction [18,22,38,55,56].”
From The Effectiveness of a Four-Week Online Mindfulness Training Course on Individual Mindfulness Skills and Personal Perception of Stress in Company Employees Working from Home (2022) · cites this paper as [18]
The Data Extraction section (page unavailable) includes life satisfaction and resilience among the positive-wellbeing outcomes studied. The Discussion (page unavailable) reports a small-to-medium positive-wellbeing effect (SMD = 0.36), but it does not establish a moderate-to-strong correlation with either outcome individually. It also reports a small, nonsignificant effect for emotional regulation. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredWhen attending to whatever arises in the present, greater clarity of thought can be experienced, reducing unnecessary stress, and allowing for better decision-making.
“When attending to whatever arises in the present, greater clarity of thought can be experienced, reducing unnecessary stress, and allowing for better decision-making [19].”
From Pilot study of an online brief mindfulness-based intervention to improve the well-being of managers and reduce their stress at work. (2024) · cites this paper as [19]
The Mindfulness section (page unavailable) describes present-moment awareness and a theorized shift in perspective that gives people more choice in how they respond. The Discussion (page unavailable) reports reduced stress in workplace mindfulness interventions. The paper does not establish that greater clarity of thought produces the stress reduction or leads to better decision-making. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Mindfulness training seems to improve employees' mental health, compassion and empathy, well-being, and performance.
“A mindfulness training seems to improve employees’ mental health, compassion and empathy, well-being, and performance [18,19,20].”
Approximately 60-70% of those who enroll in standard opioid treatment programs are men, while in most MBI groups in the community for non-OUD populations only 30-40% of those who enroll are men.
“Approximately 60–70% of those who enroll in standard opioid treatment programs are men; and yet, in most MBI groups in the community for non-OUD populations only 30–40% of those who enroll are men (Fiellin et al., 2013; Lomas et al., 2019; Waldron et al., 2018; Weiss et al., 2012).”
From Feasibility and acceptability of mindful recovery opioid use care continuum (M-ROCC): A concurrent mixed methods study (2021) · cites this paper as Lomas et al., 2019
Meta-analyses have concluded that most studies show beneficial effects of mindfulness-based programs in these populations.
“However, meta-analyses have concluded that most studies show beneficial effects of MBPs in these populations (Dunning et al. 2019; Lomas et al. 2019; Piet et al. 2012).”
From Frequency of Self-reported Unpleasant Events and Harm in a Mindfulness-Based Program in Two General Population Samples (2021) · cites this paper as Lomas et al. 2019
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Depression is described as both significant and nonsignificant
MajorThe abstract lists depression among outcomes with significant effects, then says that no significant effect was observed for depression. The discussion also says its effect did not reach statistical significance.
“Mindfulness had significant moderate effects on deficit-based outcomes such as stress (SMD = -0.57),anxiety (SMD = -0.57),distress (SMD = -0.56),depression (SMD = -0.48),and burnout (SMD = -0.36)”
“while no significant effects were observed for depression or emotional regulation.”
The reported count of significant outcomes conflicts with the abstract
MajorThe results section reports seven significant outcomes, whereas the abstract explicitly describes at least eight distinct outcomes as significant even if its disputed depression claim is excluded.
“statistically significant aggregated effect sizes (range: -0.57-0.63) were found for seven outcomes.”
“Mindfulness had significant moderate effects on deficit-based outcomes such as stress (SMD = -0.57),anxiety (SMD = -0.57),distress (SMD = -0.56),depression (SMD = -0.48),and burnout (SMD = -0.36),and significant moderate to small effects on asset-based outcomes like health (SMD = 0.63), job performance (SMD = 0.43), compassion and empathy (SMD = 0.42), mindfulness (SMD = 0.39)”
Five dimensions are claimed but only four are listed
MinorThe description says the FFMQ has five dimensions, but its ensuing list names only four.
“the FFMQ involves five dimensions”
“describing, acting with awareness, non-judging of inner experience, and non-reactivity to inner experience.”
The geographic breakdown leaves studies unaccounted for
MinorFor 35 studies, 57.1% corresponds to 20 in North America and a quarter is approximately nine in Europe. Adding the stated three elsewhere accounts for only about 32 studies, despite calling those three the remainder.
“More than half of the studies (57.1%) were carried out in North America (United States and/or Canada).A quarter had been carried out in Europe, and the remaining three studies were carried out in Colombia, India and Taiwan.”
“only 35 were able to be included in the metaanalysis”
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Lomas, T., Cartwright, T., Edginton, T. L., & Ridge, D. (2015) · Men and Masculinities · doi:10.1177/1097184x15578531 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
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A religion of wellbeing? The appeal of Buddhism to men in London, United Kingdom.
Lomas, T., Cartwright, T., Edginton, T. L., & Ridge, D. (2014) · Psychology of Religion and Spirituality · doi:10.1037/a0036420 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationMindfulness, mental health and emotion regulation among workers
Grégoire, S., Lachance, L., & Taylor, G. (2015) · International Journal of Wellbeing · doi:10.5502/ijw.v5i4.444 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
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Promoting Mental Health and Wellbeing in Schools
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THE EFFECT OF MUSIC THERAPY AND MEDITATION ON S PORTS PERFORMANCE IN PROFESSIONAL SHOOTERS
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“, [26,37]) neglects to disaggregate trials with active versus passive control groups.”
BackgroundDoing no harm in mindfulness-based programs: Conceptual issues and empirical findings
Baer, R., Crane, C., Miller, E., & Kuyken, W. (2019) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2019.01.001 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Mindfulness-Based Programs in the Workplace: a Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Vonderlin, R., Biermann, M., Bohus, M., & Lyssenko, L. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01328-3 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
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“Moreover, future research should use high-quality randomized controlled designs (Lomas et al., 2019) to investigate whether people benefit more from mindfulness training than from being in active control groups.”
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The MYRIAD team, Baer, R., Crane, C., Montero-Marin, J., Phillips, A., Taylor, L., Tickell, A., & Kuyken, W. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01547-8 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
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Mindfulness-based programmes to reduce stress and enhance well-being at work: a realist review
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“However, researchers rarely reported follow-up data (Bartlett et al. 2019; Eby et al. 2017; Lomas et al. 2019).”
Lomas, T. (2022) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2021.2016900 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
“fulness interventions, and many thousands of studies, greatly enhancing our understanding and promotion of wellbeing across many fields (Lomas et al., 2019).”
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Michaelsen, M. M., Graser, J., Onescheit, M., Tuma, M. P., Werdecker, L., Pieper, D., & Esch, T. (2023) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-023-02130-7 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
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A balanced view of mindfulness at work
Choi, E., Gruman, J. A., & Leonard, C. (2021) · Organizational Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/20413866211036930 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Wu, T., Yuan, K., & Yen, D. C. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01825-1 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“Therefore, leader– subordinate relationships and organization–worker relationships may exhibit some similarities and present the overlapping concepts (Ding & Shen, 2017; Eisenberger et al., 2014; Lomas et al., 2019).”
BackgroundBerthelsen, H., Muhonen, T., Bergström, G., Westerlund, H., & Dollard, M. F. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17228675 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“Furthermore, work-related stress is often regarded as a problem of the individual employees, who are recommended to engage in personal stress-relieving activities such as mindfulness, meditation, and resilience training [7,8].”
BackgroundKlussman, K., Curtin, N., Langer, J., & Nichols, A. (2022) · Europe’s Journal of Psychology · doi:10.5964/ejop.3707 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Burnout as an ethical issue in psychotherapy.
Simionato, G., Simpson, S., & Reid, C. L. (2019) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/pst0000261 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Nature and Mindfulness to Cope with Work-Related Stress: A Narrative Review
Menardo, E., Di Marco, D., Ramos, S., Brondino, M., Arenas, A., Costa, P., Vaz de Carvalho, C., & Pasini, M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19105948 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“Research on trait mindfulness has shown its benefits in terms of greater workers’ wellbeing [88–91] and as protective factor [87].”
BackgroundPsychological therapists’ experiences of burnout: A qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis
Vivolo, M., Owen, J., & Fisher, P. (2022) · Mental Health & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.mhp.2022.200253 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
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“Finally, there are psychotherapies [9,10] that focus on specific mental health disorders, such as depression and anxiety, albeit in the context of work.”
Resilience and Stress as Mediators in the Relationship of Mindfulness and Happiness
Bajaj, B., Khoury, B., & Sengupta, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.771263 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
A Critical Review of the Monitor and Acceptance Theory of Mindfulness
Simione, L., & Saldarini, F. (2023) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-023-02129-0 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“Since that time, many experimental and scientific studies have been conducted on the effect of mindfulness on psychological and physical well-being (DeVibe et al., 2012; Lomas et al., 2019), and the neurofunctional (Fox et al.”
BackgroundLomas, T., Pawelski, J. O., & VanderWeele, T. J. (2023) · International Journal of Wellbeing · doi:10.5502/ijw.v13i4.3665 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationWaddell, A., Kunstler, B., Lennox, A., Pattuwage, L., Grundy, E. A. C., Tsering, D., Olivier, P. L., & Bragge, P. (2023) · Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.4087 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Huberty, J. L., Espel-Huynh, H. M., Neher, T. L., & Puzia, M. E. (2022) · JMIR mHealth and uHealth · doi:10.2196/38903 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“Benefits of Mindfulness and Gaps in the Literature Mindfulness-based workplace interventions (eg, mindfulness meditation or mindfulness-based stress reduction programs) have been shown to improve mental health (ie, depression, anxiety, and stress) and sleep [18-20].”
BackgroundInfluentialContemplative interventions and employee distress: A meta‐analysis
Slemp, G. R., Jach, H. K., Chia, A., Loton, D. J., & Kern, M. L. (2019) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.2857 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Chen, H., Liu, C., Zhou, F., Chiang, C.-H., Chen, Y., Wu, K., Huang, D., Liu, C.-Y., & Chiou, W. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.894337 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
A mentally healthy framework to guide employers and policy makers
Deady, M., Sanatkar, S., Tan, L., Glozier, N., Gayed, A., Petrie, K., Dalgaard, V. L., Stratton, E., LaMontagne, A. D., & Harvey, S. B. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1430540 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Talebiazar, N., Anzali, B. C., Abbasi, M., Azizi, N., Goli, R., Faraji, N., Bagheri, M., Amiri, N., & Kazemi, S. (2024) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s00420-024-02078-8 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“Spinelli et al. (2019) conducted a meta-analysis of thirty-eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that focused on the effect of mindfulness on both qualified and trainee HCPs.”
InfluentialAubouin-Bonnaventure, J., Chevalier, S., Lahiani, F.-J., & Fouquereau, E. (2023) · International journal of organizational analysis · doi:10.1108/ijoa-01-2023-3584 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Prevalence and Predictors of Burnout Among Occupational Therapy Practitioners in the United States
Shin, J. J., McCarthy, M. A., Schmidt, C., Zellner, J., Ellerman, K., & Britton, M. (2022) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.2022.048108 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“There is strong support for practices such as mindfulness programs, relaxation techniques, and coping strategies (Burton et al., 2017; Lomas et al., 2019; Luken & Sammons, 2016; Maslach et al., 2016).”
Donaldson, S., Cabrera, V., & Gaffaney, J. M. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.739352 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Similarly, giving individuals the opportunity to self-select by engaging in activities that are more intrinsically motivating or well-suited can amplify the positive effects (Deci and Ryan, 2000; Sin and Lyubomirsky, 2009; Lyubomirsky and Layous, 2013).”
BackgroundLife Satisfaction in China, 2010–2018: Trends and Unique Determinants
Zhang, K., Pei, J., Wang, S., Rokpelnis, K., & Xiao, Y. (2022) · Applied Research in Quality of Life · doi:10.1007/s11482-021-10031-x · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Cooper, D. D. J., Yap, K., O’Brien, M., & Scott, I. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01425-3 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Anger as a moral emotion: A “bird’s eye“ systematic review
Lomas, T. (2019) · Counselling Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1080/09515070.2019.1589421 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“An “inclusive” literature search was conducted, following the example of Lomas et al. (2017, 2018), who produced an explicitly broad-ranging assessment of the impact of mindfulnessbased interventions in the workplace.”
MethodSelf-citationEffectiveness of workplace interventions for health promotion
Virtanen, M., Lallukka, T. M., Elovainio, M. J., Steptoe, A., & Mika Kivimaki, B. (2025) · The Lancet Public Health · doi:10.1016/s2468-2667(25)00095-7 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
O’Connor, M., Stapleton, A., O’Reilly, G., Murphy, E., Connaughton, L., Hoctor, E., & McHugh, L. (2023) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.03.005 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Cascales‐Pérez, M. L., Ferrer‐Cascales, R., Fernández‐Alcántara, M., & Cabañero‐Martínez, M. J. (2020) · Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences · doi:10.1111/scs.12905 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Remskar, M., Western, M. J., & Ainsworth, B. (2024) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12745 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
How and when mindfulness inhibits emotional exhaustion: a moderated mediation model
Bayighomog, S. W., Ogunmokun, O. A., Ikhide, J. E., Tanova, C., & Anasori, E. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02193-6 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“…of one’s sensations and feelings, is an antidote to various forms of psychological strain ranging from anxiety and fear to rumination, worry, and depression and is positively related to positive work, psychological and physical health consequences (Lomas et al., 2018, 2019; Reich et al., 2017).”
BackgroundMindfulness and workplace safety: An integrative review
Liu, Z., Hoff, K. A., Baranski, E. N., Snyder, G., Flin, R. H., Lindner, P., & Spitzmueller, C. (2023) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2705 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Zhou, J., Zheng, Y., Zeng, X., Jiang, M., & Oei, T. P. S. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01610-y · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Haun, V. C., Nübold, A., & Rigotti, T. (2020) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/ocp0000263 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Intervention research supports the notion, however, that increasing mindfulness via trainings increases job satisfaction and performance-related outcomes (Hülsheger et al., 2013; Lomas et al., 2019; Slutsky, Chin, Raye, & Creswell, 2019).”
BackgroundJiwani, Z., Lam, S. U., Davidson, R. J., & Goldberg, S. B. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-022-01985-6 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“, 2019), the workplace (Lomas et al., 2019), and military and veteran settings (Goldberg et al.”
BackgroundKrick, A., & Felfe, J. (2023) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-023-02281-7 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“It is conceivable that MBIs may differentially affect certain aspects of mindfulness more than others (Lomas et al., 2019).”
InfluentialKlussman, K., Nichols, A., & Langer, J. (2020) · Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12200 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Strohmaier, S., Jones, F. W., & Cane, J. E. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01780-9 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Cann, R. F., Sinnema, C., Daly, A. J., Rodway, J., & Liou, Y.-H. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.775614 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Wu, X., Hayter, M., Lee, A. J., & Zhang, Y. (2021) · Nurse Education Today · doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2021.104830 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Positive Work: A Multidimensional Overview and Analysis of Work-Related Drivers of Wellbeing
Lomas, T. (2019) · International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology · doi:10.1007/s41042-019-00016-5 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationTurkelson, L. G., & Mano, Q. R. (2021) · Journal of Cognitive Enhancement · doi:10.1007/s41465-021-00231-6 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“and increase empathy and positive well-being (Lomas et al., 2019).”
Wolever, R. Q., Finn, M., & Shields, D. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/31935 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
O’Connor, M., O’Reilly, G., Murphy, E., Connaughton, L., Hoctor, E., & McHugh, L. (2021) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.07.003 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Baluku, M. M., Nansubuga, F., Musanje, K., Nantamu, S., & Otto, K. (2023) · Current Research in Ecological and Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cresp.2023.100148 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Nguyen, T. C., Ha, T. T., Armoogum, J., Joh, K., & Nguyen, M. H. (2025) · Journal of Transport & Health · doi:10.1016/j.jth.2025.102100 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Talebiazar, N., Salamat, E., Abbasi, M., Azizi, N., Goli, R., Faraji, N., Bagheri, M., Amiri, N., & Kazemi, S. (2024) · Geriatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.05.034 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Villalón, F., Moreno, M. I., Rivera, R. M., Venegas, W. G., C., J. V. A., Soto, A., & Pemjean, A. (2023) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-023-02159-8 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“In recent years, there has been an increase in interest in mindfulness-based interventions (MBI), which have been studied in different populations, conditions, and programs (Goldberg et al., 2017; Lomas et al., 2018).”
BackgroundPaleari, F. G., Danioni, F., Pelucchi, S., Lombrano, M. R., Lumera, D., & Regalia, C. (2022) · Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health · doi:10.1002/cbm.2260 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Studies outside the prison context show that forgiveness and mindfulness are consistently related to positive health-related outcomes (e.g., Gismero-González et al., 2020; Lomas et al., 2019; Massengale et al., 2017).”
BackgroundShort Term Effects of Inner Engineering Completion Online Program on Stress and Well-Being Measures
Upadhyay, P., Joshi, A., Mishra, I., Kelly, L., Novack, L., Hariri, S., Kveraga, K., & Subramaniam, B. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.814224 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Khan, H. S. U. D., Ma, Z., Siddiqui, S. H., & Khan, M. A. S. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02141 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Fatkin, T., Moore, S. K., Okst, K., Creedon, T. B., Samawi, F., Fredericksen, A. K., Roll, D., Oxnard, A., Lê Cook, B., & Schuman-Olivier, Z. (2021) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108415 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The Role of Suppression and the Maintenance of Euthymia in Clinical Settings
Merlo, E., Stoian, A., Motofei, I., & Settineri, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.677811 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Schubin, K., Seinsche, L., Pfaff, H., & Zeike, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.994959 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Two metaanalyses of randomized controlled trials demonstrated that workplace mindfulness interventions effectively diminish negative outcomes such as stress, depression, burnout, mental distress, and somatic complaints while promoting positive outcomes such as mindfulness, well-being, compassion, job performance and j…”
BackgroundKlussman, K., Nichols, A., Langer, J., Curtin, N., & Lindeman, M. I. H. (2022) · Applied Research in Quality of Life · doi:10.1007/s11482-021-10025-9 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Interventions that employ mindfulness constructs are used by practitioners and the general population alike to help promote a host of associated positive health and well-being outcomes across numerous populations (Grossman et al., 2004; Lomas et al., 2019).”
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What is positive psychological functioning?
Martela, F. (2025) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2025.2498130 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
van Zyl, L. E., Cornelisse, M. A., Blanc, P. M. L., & Rothmann, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1532083 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Choi, E., Levallet, N., & Bharti, M. (2024) · Personnel Review · doi:10.1108/pr-06-2023-0512 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Toniolo-Barrios, M., & ten Brummelhuis, L. L. (2023) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2023.112392 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Crane, M. F., Kho, M. C., Thomas, E. F., Decety, J., Molenberghs, P., Amiot, C. E., Lizzio‐Wilson, M., Wibisono, S., Allan, F., & Louis, W. R. (2023) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.13000 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Upadhyay, P., Chang, T. F. H., Hariri, S., Rallabandi, S., Yathavakilla, S. K. V., Novack, V., & Subramaniam, B. (2022) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2022/9001828 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Psychological Resources for Sustainable Lifestyles
Hunecke, M. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-16752-2_3 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Weisi, H., & Salari, M. (2024) · Reflective Practice · doi:10.1080/14623943.2024.2370596 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“…examination of the available research concerning the impacts of mindfulness on employee well-being and performance in work settings conducted by Lomas et al. (2018) indicates that mindfulness practices yield beneficial outcomes on different aspects such as job satisfaction, well-being, and…”
Armaou, M., Araviaki, E., Dutta, S., Konstantinidis, S. T., & Blake, H. (2022) · European Journal of Investigation in Health Psychology and Education · doi:10.3390/ejihpe12100102 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Dispositional mindfulness as a mediator between basic psychological needs and dark triad traits
Lisá, E., & Valachová, M. (2021) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2021.111057 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The Handbook of Wellness Medicine
Snellings, J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108650182 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Christodoulou, V., Flaxman, P. E., Morris, E. M. J., & Oliver, J. E. (2024) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2024.2314934 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Reflecting these criteria, various measures have been used to assess the influence of mindfulness on job performance, such as work engagement, task and contextual performance, work-related efficacy, and managers’ performance ratings (Huang et al., 2022; Lomas et al., 2019; Shonin et al., 2014).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialDevelopment and validation of the Integrative Vitality Scale
Yoon, S. I., Park, H. Y., Chung, S.-Y., & Kim, J. W. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1452068 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Althammer, S. E., Wöhrmann, A. M., & Michel, A. (2023) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/42510 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Design of a mindfulness-based intervention to support teachers’ emotional regulation behaviors
Kennedy, D., Haley, A. C., & Evans, R. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-02696-w · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“, pausing and perspective taking before reacting, and exercising self-care) (Lomas et al., 2019).”
BackgroundDesigning Positive Organizational Psychology Interventions
Donaldson, S. I., & Chen, C. L. (2021) · doi:10.1002/9781118977415.ch1 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Wu, Y., Ban, Y., Pan, G., Yao, M., Liu, L., Chen, T., & Wu, H. L. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-06967-1 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“A previous study revealed that after an 8-week online MBI, nurses’ perceived stress levels, depression, and anxiety symptoms were significantly improved, with a compliance rate of 70.12% [42, 43].”
InfluentialHealth Workers’ Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and Resilience During COVID-19 Pandemic
Ma, H., Chiang, N., Kao, R., & Lee, C.-Y. (2024) · Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare · doi:10.2147/jmdh.s464285 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“82 Existing research also indicates that mindfulness has the potential to reduce mental health issues such as stress 89 and is negatively correlated with stress.”
BackgroundCan Mindfulness Buffer Against Negative Effects of Job Demands for Military and Police Personnel?
Krick, A., Felfe, J., & Klebe, L. (2023) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000002805 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Fiore, J. (2021) · The Arts in Psychotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.aip.2021.101797 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The Cognitive Control Model of Work-related Flow
Weintraub, J., Nolan, K. P., & Sachdev, A. R. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1174152 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“, 2018), the ability of state mindfulness to mitigate these constructs (Scott-Hamilton and Schutte, 2016; Lomas et al., 2018), as well as mindfulness’ ability to increase attentional control (Bhayee et al.”
BackgroundZhang, L.-L., Jiang, H., Hu, T.-W., & Zhang, Z.-D. (2023) · Journal of Managerial Psychology · doi:10.1108/jmp-03-2022-0090 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Vylobkova, V., & Heintz, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1078764 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“, 2007), mindfulness (Lomas et al., 2019), and character strengths (McGrath, 2015).”
BackgroundRana, M., Bock, L., Riedel, E., Moellmann, H., Schorn, L., & Rana, M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192416422 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Previous research has generally found a moderate to strong correlation between mindfulness training and emotional resilience and satisfaction [18,22,38,55,56].”
BackgroundWen, X., Zhou, Y.-P., Li, Y.-N., Lv, Y., Han, S.-Y., & Zhao, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1118481 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“It was later promoted to be applied to a broader range of psychological interventions and showed positive results in reducing stress, anxiety, depression and burnout (Liu et al., 1996; Lomas et al., 2019; Ding et al., 2020).”
BackgroundMackay, L. M., Campbell, J. L., Darby, J., Prendergast, K. B., & Schofield, G. (2025) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152595 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Garad, A. (2024) · Journal of Alternative Finance · doi:10.1177/27533743241291170 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Mindful individuals exhibit greater fi nancial discipline, making them more resilient to fi nancial shocks and better positioned to achieve long-term fi nancial goals (Lomas et al., 2019).”
Asensio-Martínez, Á., Adame, L., Aguilar-Latorre, A., Millán, B., Domínguez-García, M., & Magallón-Botaya, R. (2024) · International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/10803548.2024.2358676 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Previous studies of other professions showed similar results in terms of the reduction of stress, depressive and anxious symptoms through mindfulness practices [19,24,59–61].”
Liu, W., Wang, Q., Zheng, D., Mei, J., Lu, J., Chen, G., Wang, W., & Ding, F. (2024) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/45422 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“For the time being, several stress management techniques, such as regular physical activity, deep breathing, and mindfulness, have been recommended for occupational populations at the workplace [15-17].”
Kotamjani, S. S., Jeliseh, M. T., Zohrabi, M., & Xodabande, I. (2025) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.70051 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Wrede, S. J. S., Sobke, S. C., Michaelsen, M. M., & Esch, T. (2024) · Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health · doi:10.1080/15555240.2024.2388646 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Moderate to strong effectiveness on psychological and physiological parameters of health, wellbeing, ability to recover, self-reference, and work-related factors, apply to mindfulness or MBSR courses and movement-oriented methods (Bartlett et al., 2019; Lomas et al., 2019; Vonderlin et al., 2020).”
Vonderlin, R., Schmidt, B., Biermann, M., Lyssenko, L., Heinzel‐Gutenbrunner, M., Kleindienst, N., Bohus, M., & Müller, G. (2023) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-023-02172-x · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Villalón, F., Escaffi‐Schwarz, M., & Mundt, A. P. (2023) · Revista médica de Chile · doi:10.4067/s0034-98872023000400435 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lomas, T., Medina, J. C., Ivtzan, I., Rupprecht, S., & Eiroa-Orosa, F. J.
- Affiliations
- University of East London (GB)
- Section of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Leuphana University of Lüneburg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Lomas, Tim
- Venue
- The Journal of Positive Psychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2018-09-30
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 625-640
- ISSN
- 1743-9760 (ISSN-L)
- 1743-9779
- OpenAlex
- W2895710748
- Semantic Scholar
- d2ab287ccc2aa69d58f5b7524db88dba1d3d36cf
- Cited by
- 236
- References
- 114
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 5
- FWCI
- 4.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- The Journal of Positive Psychology (publishedVersion)
- UEL Research Repository (University of East London) (acceptedVersion)
- Dipòsit Digital de la Universitat de Barcelona (Universitat de Barcelona) (submittedVersion)
- Multilingual Matters (Channel View Publications) (submittedVersion)
- RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- UEL Research Repository (University of East London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission (654808)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Workplace Health and Well-being
- Keywords
- mindfulness-based interventions, employee well-being, stress, anxiety, burnout, depression, employee performance, empathy and compassion, positive well-being, emotion regulation
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