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Potato and french fry consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in women
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Background Potatoes, a high glycemic form of carbohydrate, are hypothesized to increase insulin resistance and risk of type 2 diabetes.Objective The objective was to examine prospectively the relation between potato consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes.Design We conducted a prospective study of 84,555 women in the Nurses' Health Study. At baseline, the women were aged 34-59 y, had no history of chronic disease, and completed a validated food-frequency questionnaire. The participants were followed for 20 y with repeated assessment of diet.Results We documented 4496 new cases of type 2 diabetes. Potato and french fry consumption were both positively associated with risk of type 2 diabetes after adjustment for age and dietary and nondietary factors. The multivariate relative risk (RR) in a comparison between the highest and the lowest quintile of potato intake was 1.14 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.26; P for trend = 0.009). The multivariate RR in a comparison between the highest and the lowest quintile of french fry intake was 1.21 (95% CI: 1.09, 1.33; P for trend < 0.0001). The RR of type 2 diabetes was 1.18 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.35) for 1 daily serving of potatoes and 1.16 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.29) for 2 weekly servings of french fries. The RR of type 2 diabetes for substituting 1 serving potatoes/d for 1 serving whole grains/d was 1.30 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.57). The association between potato consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes was more pronounced in obese women.Conclusions Our findings suggest a modest positive association between the consumption of potatoes and the risk of type 2 diabetes in women. This association was more pronounced when potatoes were substituted for whole grains.
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“Among those that have, higher intake of potatoes, including boiled and baked potatoes, is prospectively linked to incidence of diabetes”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [146]
In the citing paper
“while potatoes, corn, and peas are linked to greater long-term weight gain”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [146]
In the citing paper
“in contrast to nonstarchy vegetables which are associated with protection against weight gain and diabetes.28, 55, 146, 147”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [146]
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“The difference in their beta coefficients, as well as their variances and covariance, were used to estimate the relative risk and 95% CI for the substitution associations.(31) We also conducted several secondary analyses (see the ‘Methods’ section).”
MethodBa, D. M., Gao, X., Al‐Shaar, L., Muscat, J. E., Chinchilli, V. M., Beelman, R. B., & Richie, J. P. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.07.080 · Cited by 70
Maternal diet during pregnancy and islet autoimmunity in offspring
Lamb, M. M., Myers, M. A., Barriga, K. J., Zimmet, P., Rewers, M., & Norris, J. M. (2008) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5448.2007.00311.x · Cited by 67
“9 servings per month reported by women in the Nurse’s Health Study (26), suggesting that our dietary intake data are in line with other US adult female cohorts.”
ResultInfluentialFarvid, M. S., Malekshah, A. F., Pourshams, A., Poustchi, H., Sepanlou, S. G., Sharafkhah, M., Khoshnia, M., Farvid, M., Abnet, C. C., Kamangar, F., et al. (2017) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2016.10.041 · Cited by 63
“The HRs and 95% CIs for the substitution effect were estimated from the difference between the regression coefficients, variances, and covariance.(30) Stata, version 12, was used for all analyses.”
MethodSelf-citationFried potato consumption is associated with elevated mortality: an 8-y longitudinal cohort study
Veronese, N., Stubbs, B., Noale, M., Solmi, M., Vaona, A., Demurtas, J., Nicetto, D., Crepaldi, G., Schofield, P., Koyanagi, A., et al. (2017) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.117.154872 · Cited by 64
“These findings were confirmed in the Nurses’ Health Study (7).”
Bahadoran, Z., Mirmiran, P., Hosseini‐Esfahani, F., & Azizi, F. (2013) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2013.217 · Cited by 65
The Potato in the Human Diet: a Complex Matrix with Potential Health Benefits
André, C. M., Legay, S., Iammarino, C., Ziebel, J., Guignard, C., Larondelle, Y., Hausman, J.-F., Evers, D., & Miranda, L. (2014) · Potato Research · doi:10.1007/s11540-015-9287-3 · Cited by 61
“Potato consumption has been suspected of contributing to type 2 diabetes and obesity mainly because of its high carbohydrate levels, presenting high glycemic index (GI) and processing as French fries (Halton et al. 2006).”
BackgroundMaghsoudi, Z., Ghiasvand, R., & Salehi‐Abargouei, A. (2015) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980015001251 · Cited by 61
“‘ Unhealthy ’ dietary patterns are de fi ned by high loadings of red meat, fried and processed foods (26,34) , French fries (35) and sausage, as the major sources of saturated and trans-fatty acid contents (36) , and of foods with high glycaemic index (37) like re fi ned grains (38) , sweets and…”
Marques-Vidal, P. M., Ross, A. B., Wynn, E., Rezzi, S., Paccaud, F. M., & Decarli, B. (2011) · Food & Nutrition Research · doi:10.3402/fnr.v55i0.5905 · Cited by 59
“The FFQs allow the estimation of an individual’s usual food consumption over a defined period of time, and might be sufficient for the estimation of relative risks when ranking of food and nutrient intake are sufficient to categorize participants (4, 5).”
BackgroundQuan, W., Zeng, M., Ye, J., Li, Y., Xue, C., Liu, G., Wang, Z., Qin, F., He, Z., & Chen, J. (2020) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/advances/nmaa184 · Cited by 65
“Of note, trans-fatty acids, which are generated during the frying process through polymerization, oxidation, and hydrogenation (41), were demonstrated to lead to insulin resistance and increased risk of type 2 diabetes (44).”
BackgroundÅkesson, A., Andersen, L. F., Kristjansdottir, Á. G., Roos, E., Trolle, E., Voutilainen, E., & Wirfält, E. (2013) · Food & Nutrition Research · doi:10.3402/fnr.v57i0.22790 · Cited by 63
Exporting Diabetes Mellitus to Asia
Pan, A., Malik, V., & Hu, F. B. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.112.115923 · Cited by 58
Self-citationDoes cooking with vegetable oils increase the risk of chronic diseases?: a systematic review
Sayón-Orea, C., Carlos, S., & Martínez‐González, M. Á. (2015) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114514002931 · Cited by 61
“• Type 2 diabetes mellitus Halton(14)* Salas-Salvado(16)† Mari-Sanchis(17)† Salas-Salvado(18)†”
BackgroundInfluentialEffects of in utero conditions on adult feeding preferences
Portella, A. K., Kajantie, E., Hovi, P., Desai, M., Ross, M. G., Goldani, M. Z., Roseboom, T. J., & Silveira, P. P. (2012) · Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease · doi:10.1017/s2040174412000062 · Cited by 61
Dangal, A., Tahergorabi, R., Acharya, D. R., Timsina, P., Rai, K., Dahal, S., Acharya, P., & Giuffrè, A. M. (2024) · European Food Research and Technology · doi:10.1007/s00217-024-04482-3 · Cited by 57
Lamichhane, A. P., Liese, A. D., Urbina, E. M., Crandell, J., Jaacks, L. M., Dabelea, D., Black, M. H., Merchant, A. T., & Mayer‐Davis, E. J. (2014) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2014.96 · Cited by 56
Trans fatty acids, insulin resistance and diabetes
Thompson, A. K., Minihane, A.-M., & Williams, C. M. (2010) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2010.240 · Cited by 54
“A recent study using data from the Nurses’ Health Study has found a significant relationship between potato consumption and diabetes, even after adjusting for the standard factors including fiber, TFA and SFA consumption (Halton et al., 2006).”
MethodTFOS Lifestyle: Impact of nutrition on the ocular surface
Markoulli, M. P., Ahmad, S., Arcot, J., Arita, R., Benitez-del-Castillo, J., Caffery, B. E., Downie, L. E., Edwards, K. P., Flanagan, J., Labétoulle, M., et al. (2023) · The Ocular Surface · doi:10.1016/j.jtos.2023.04.003 · Cited by 61
The scientific basis for healthful carbohydrate profile
Lamothe, L. M., Lê, K., Samra, R. A., Roger, O., Green, H., & Macé, K. (2017) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2017.1392287 · Cited by 53
Dietary interventions for better management of osteoporosis: An overview
Guo, D., Zhao, M., Xu, W., He, H., Li, B., & Hou, T. (2021) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2021.1944975 · Cited by 54
“Additionally, the daily intake of cola was associated with low BMD in women (Tucker et al. 2006).”
BackgroundReceveur, O., Morou, K., Gray‐Donald, K., & Macaulay, A. C. (2008) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2007.09.002 · Cited by 49
Fructose-Containing Sugars, Blood Pressure, and Cardiometabolic Risk: A Critical Review
Ha, V., Jayalath, V. H., Cozma, A. I., Mirrahimi, A., de Souza, R. J., & Sievenpiper, J. L. (2013) · Current Hypertension Reports · doi:10.1007/s11906-013-0364-1 · Cited by 45
“SSBs is also associated with a higher intake of red meat, processed meat, refined grains, french fries, sweets and desserts, each of which individually have been shown to lead to weight gain [58] and increase diabetes risk [57, 64, 65].”
BackgroundLuo, Y., Wu, M., Deng, B., Huang, J., Hwang, S. H., Li, M., Zhou, C., Zhang, Q., Yu, H., Zhao, D., et al. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1815746116 · Cited by 46
“A high-fat diet (HFD), in which the fat provides above 40% of daily caloric intake, is an important part of the modern western pattern diet (4, 5).”
BackgroundMogre, V., Nyaba, R., Aleyira, S., & Sam, N. B. (2015) · SpringerPlus · doi:10.1186/s40064-015-0999-2 · Cited by 47
“High consumption of root and tuber foods (especially potatoes and French fries) have been reported previously to be associated with increased weight and diabetes (Halton et al. 2006).”
BackgroundInfluentialJenkins, D. J. A., Kendall, C. W. C., Lamarche, B., Banach, M. S., Srichaikul, K., Vidgen, E., Mitchell, S., Parker, T. L., Nishi, S. K., Bashyam, B., et al. (2018) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-018-4628-9 · Cited by 43
“This has been demonstrated in the Northwick Park Heart Study [42] and, more recently, in the Prospective Cardiovascular Münster (PROCAM) study [43], in which the association between raised clotting factor VII and the incidence of CHD was assessed at the respective 5 and 8 years follow-up of these cohorts.”
InfluentialRice intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: the Singapore Chinese Health Study
Seah, J. Y. H., Koh, W., Yuan, J., & van Dam, R. M. (2018) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-018-1879-7 · Cited by 44
Association of western diet & lifestyle with decreased fertility.
Nazni, P. (2014) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 42
Bonsembiante, L., Targher, G., & Maffeis, C. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13103344 · Cited by 60
“In another study conducted on 84,555 women followed for nearly 20 years, a modest positive association between dietary intake of potatoes (a digestible starch) and the risk of incident T2D was observed, particularly when potatoes were substituted for whole grains [55].”
BackgroundLiu, Y., Yang, W., VoPham, T., Ma, Y., Simon, T. G., Gao, X., Chan, A. T., Meyerhardt, J. A., Giovannucci, E. L., & Zhang, X. (2021) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.31251 · Cited by 40
“The difference in their beta coefficients as well as their variances and covariance were used to estimate the HR and 95% CI for the substitution effects.(37) Similarly, we also investigated the association of substitution plant protein and plant fat intake for an equivalent amount of refined grain intake with HCC risk.”
MethodDasgupta, A., & Klein, K. L. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-405872-9.00012-4 · Cited by 41
Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Telomere Length in a Random Sample of 5448 U.S. Adults
Tucker, L. A. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13051415 · Cited by 41
Mazidi, M., & Speakman, J. R. (2018) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.117.007651 · Cited by 42
“Higher intake of French fries increased the 20-year risk of T2D by 21%.(44) The BWHS (Black Women’s Health Study) indicated that the 10-year incidence rate of T2D increased by 40% for greater consumption of hamburgers and by 68% for greater consumption of fried chicken (≥2 meals/week compared with none).”
BackgroundQuality of plant-based diets and risk of hypertension: a Korean genome and examination study
Kim, J., Kim, H., & Giovannucci, E. L. (2021) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-021-02559-3 · Cited by 40
“Refined cereals and potatoes were considered as less healthy plant foods given the adverse associations with chronic diseases [7, 8].”
BackgroundLipsky, L. M., Cheon, K., Nansel, T. R., & Albert, P. S. (2012) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2012.03.005 · Cited by 39
“Although some research findings have questioned the role of potatoes in chronic disease risk [29,30], our findings did not indicate substantial differences according to inclusion or exclusion of potatoes in WPF measures.”
Metadata
- Authors
- Halton, T. L., Willett, W. C., Liu, S., Manson, J. E., Stampfer, M. J., & Hu, F. B.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Halton, Thomas L
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-02
- Volume
- 83
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 284-290
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1909149403
- Semantic Scholar
- 2650991ed912104333198a961e8eaf71b0f9a1d3
- Cited by
- 257
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 8.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01dk058845-13, DK58845, CA 87969)
- National Cancer Institute (CA-87969, P01CA087969)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30 DK 040561, DK58845)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Potato Plant Research
- Keywords
- potato consumption, French fries, type 2 diabetes, diabetes risk, women, insulin resistance, glycemic load, obesity, Nurses' Health Study
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cooking, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Dietary Carbohydrates, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Surveys, Humans, Middle Aged, Obesity, Solanum tuberosum, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Cohort Studies, Multivariate Analysis, Confidence Intervals, Odds Ratio
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