Soda consumption and the risk of stroke in men and women
Open accessAbstract
Background Consumption of sugar-sweetened soda has been associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic disease. The relation with cerebrovascular disease has not yet been closely examined.Objective Our objective was to examine patterns of soda consumption and substitution of alternative beverages for soda in relation to stroke risk.Design The Nurses' Health Study, a prospective cohort study of 84,085 women followed for 28 y (1980-2008), and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study, a prospective cohort study of 43,371 men followed for 22 y (1986-2008), provided data on soda consumption and incident stroke.Results We documented 1416 strokes in men during 841,770 person-years of follow-up and 2938 strokes in women during 2,188,230 person-years of follow-up. The pooled RR of total stroke for ≥ 1 serving of sugar-sweetened soda/d, compared with none, was 1.16 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.34). The pooled RR of total stroke for ≥ 1 serving of low-calorie soda/d, compared with none, was 1.16 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.28). Compared with 1 serving of sugar-sweetened soda/d, 1 serving of decaffeinated coffee/d was associated with a 10% (95% CI: 1%, 19%) lower risk of stroke and 1 serving of caffeinated coffee/d with a 9% (95% CI: 0%, 17%) lower risk. Similar estimated reductions in risk were seen for substitution of caffeinated or decaffeinated coffee for low-calorie soda.Conclusions Greater consumption of sugar-sweetened and low-calorie sodas was associated with a significantly higher risk of stroke. This risk may be reduced by substituting alternative beverages for soda.
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After adjusting for dietary and non-dietary cardiovascular risk factors, a 16% increased stroke risk is found.
“and, after adjusting for dietary and non-dietary cardiovascular risk factors, a 16% increased stroke risk (134).”
From Food Consumption and its Impact on Cardiovascular Disease: Importance of Solutions Focused on the Globalized Food System (2015) · cites this paper as [134]
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- Authors
- Bernstein, A. M., de Koning, L., Flint, A. J., Rexrode, K. M., & Willett, W. C.
- Affiliations
- Cleveland Clinic (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-05
- Volume
- 95
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1190-1199
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3325840
- OpenAlex
- W2097155006
- Cited by
- 189
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 17.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
- National Institutes of Health (CA055075)
- National Cancer Institute (U19CA055075, P01CA087969)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Coffee research and impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Keywords
- stroke risk, beverage substitution, decaffeinated coffee, caffeinated coffee, cerebrovascular disease, cardiometabolic disease, Nurses' Health Study, Health Professionals Follow-up Study
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Energy Intake, Carbonated Beverages, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Sweetening Agents, Multivariate Analysis, Proportional Hazards Models, Dietary Sucrose, Stroke
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