BUSCO: assessing genome assembly and annotation completeness with single-copy orthologs
Open accessAbstract
Motivation: Genomics has revolutionized biological research, but quality assessment of the resulting assembled sequences is complicated and remains mostly limited to technical measures like N50. Results: We propose a measure for quantitative assessment of genome assembly and annotation completeness based on evolutionarily informed expectations of gene content. We implemented the assessment procedure in open-source software, with sets of Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs, named BUSCO. Availability and implementation: Software implemented in Python and datasets available for download from http://busco.ezlab.org. Contact: evgeny.zdobnov@unige.ch Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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The saola genome assembly contained 5,952 of 6,253 BUSCOs (95.2%) based on the Laurasiatheria database.
“The assembly contained 5,952 out of 6,253 Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO)35,36 based on the Laurasiatheria (orthoDB v9) database (95.2%)”
From Genomes of critically endangered saola are shaped by population structure and purging (2025) · cites this paper as [36]
BUSCO v5.2.2 with its set of 9226 mammalian lineage marker genes scored 8852 genes (95.9%) as complete and 374 genes (4.1%) as fragmented or missing in the muskox assembly.
“When BUSCO v5.2.2 with its set of 9226 mammalian linage marker genes was applied to our muskox assembly, 8852 genes (95.9%) were scored as complete, and 374 genes (4.1%) were scored as fragmented or missing in the assembly.”
From Chromosomal-level reference genome assembly of muskox (Ovibos moschatus) from Banks Island in the Canadian Arctic, a resource for conservation genomics (2024) · cites this paper as [53]
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- Authors
- Simão, F. A., Waterhouse, R. M., Ioannidis, P., Kriventseva, E. V., & Zdobnov, E. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Geneva (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Zdobnov, Evgeny M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Bioinformatics
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2015-06-09
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 3210-3212
- ISSN
- 1367-4803 (ISSN-L)
- 1367-4811
- OpenAlex
- W2155628349
- Cited by
- 13,344
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1151 · 2025: 1488 · 2024: 1837 · 2023: 1766 · 2022: 1477 · 2021: 1780 · 2020: 1437 · 2019: 1017 · 2018: 751 · 2017: 462 · 2016: 143 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 199.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Bioinformatics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (143936)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
- Keywords
- genome completeness, single-copy orthologs, benchmarking, gene content, BUSCO, evolutionarily conserved genes, genome quality assessment
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Software, Genome, Gene Dosage, Computational Biology, Genomics, Molecular Sequence Annotation
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