The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cerebral small-vessel disease and decline in information processing speed, executive function and memory
Open accessAbstract
Cerebral small-vessel disease is common in older people and may contribute to the development of dementia. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between measures of cerebral small-vessel disease on MRI and the rate of decline in specific cognitive domains in participants from the prospective, population-based Rotterdam Scan Study. Participants were 60-90 years of age and free from dementia at baseline in 1995-1996. White matter lesions (WML), cerebral infarcts and generalized brain atrophy were assessed on the baseline MRI. We performed neuropsychological testing at baseline and repeatedly in 1999-2000 and in 2001-2003. We used random-effects models for repeated measures to examine the association between quantitative MRI measures and rate of decline in measures of global cognitive function, information processing speed, executive function and memory. There were a total of 2266 assessments for the 832 participants in the study, with an average time from the initial to last assessment of 5.2 years. Increasing severity of periventricular WML and generalized brain atrophy and the presence of brain infarcts on MRI were associated with a steeper decline in cognitive function. These structural brain changes were specifically associated with decline in information processing speed and executive function. The associations between MRI measures of cerebral small-vessel disease and cognitive decline did not change after additional adjustment for vascular risk factors or depressed mood. After exclusion of participants with an incident stroke, some of the associations of periventricular WML, brain infarcts and generalized brain atrophy with measures of information processing speed and executive function were no longer significant. This may indicate that stroke plays an intermediate role in the relationship between cerebral small-vessel disease and cognitive decline. Our results suggest that in older people cerebral small-vessel disease may contribute to cognitive decline by affecting information processing speed and executive function.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 · Cited by 88,282
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267
Silent Brain Infarcts and the Risk of Dementia and Cognitive Decline
Vermeer, S. E., Prins, N. D., den Heijer, T., Hofman, A., Koudstaal, P. J., & Breteler, M. M. B. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa022066 · Cited by 2,313
Self-citationRoth, M., Tym, E., Mountjoy, C. Q., Huppert, F. A., Hendrie, H., Verma, S., & Goddard, R. (1986) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.149.6.698 · Cited by 2,090
Subcortical ischaemic vascular dementia
Román, G. C., Erkinjuntti, T., Wallin, A., Pantoni, L., & Chui, H. C. (2002) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(02)00190-4 · Cited by 1,067
Welsh, K. A., Butters, N., Mohs, R. C., Beekly, D., Edland, S., Fillenbaum, G., & Heyman, A. (1994) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.44.4.609 · Cited by 951
Incidence and Risk Factors of Silent Brain Infarcts in the Population-Based Rotterdam Scan Study
Vermeer, S. E., den Heijer, T., Koudstaal, P. J., Oudkerk, M., Hofman, A., & Breteler, M. M. B. (2003) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000052631.98405.15 · Cited by 680
Self-citationPrevalence and Risk Factors of Silent Brain Infarcts in the Population-Based Rotterdam Scan Study
Vermeer, S. E., Koudstaal, P. J., Oudkerk, M., Hofman, A., & Breteler, M. M. B. (2002) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/hs0102.101629 · Cited by 430
Self-citationPathology of small vessel stroke
Alistair Lammie, G. (2000) · British Medical Bulletin · doi:10.1258/0007142001903229 · Cited by 133
Cited by
Debette, S., & Markus, H. S. (2010) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.c3666 · Cited by 2,328
White matter hyperintensities, cognitive impairment and dementia: an update
Prins, N. D., & Scheltens, P. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2015.10 · Cited by 1,284
Self-citationDifferential aging of the brain: Patterns, cognitive correlates and modifiers
Raz, N., & Rodrigue, K. M. (2006) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2006.07.001 · Cited by 1,195
Hashimoto, T., Arion, D., Unger, T., Maldonado-Avilés, J. G., Morris, H. M., Volk, D. W., Mirnics, K., & Lewis, D. A. (2008) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4002011 · Cited by 490
Sex differences in cognitive decline among US adults
Levine, D. A., Gross, A. L., Briceño, E. M., Tilton, N., Giordani, B. J., Sussman, J. B., Hayward, R. A., Burke, J. F., Hingtgen, S., Elkind, M. S. V., et al. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.0169 · Cited by 440
Inzitari, D., Pracucci, G., Poggesi, A., Carlucci, G., Barkhof, F., Chabriat, H., Erkinjuntti, T., Fazekas, F., Ferro, J. M., Hennerici, M., et al. (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2477 · Cited by 415
Smith, E. E., Saposnik, G., Biessels, G. J., Doubal, F. N., Fornage, M., Gorelick, P. B., Greenberg, S. M., Higashida, R. T., Kasner, S. E., & Seshadri, S. (2017) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.0000000000000116 · Cited by 404
Black, S., Gao, F., & Bilbao, J. (2009) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.108.537704 · Cited by 379
Cerebral microbleeds are associated with worse cognitive function: The Rotterdam Scan Study
Poels, M. M. F., Ikram, M. A., van der Lugt, A., Hofman, A., Niessen, W. J., Krestin, G. P., Breteler, M. M. B., & Vernooij, M. W. (2012) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182452928 · Cited by 378
Self-citationPresence and progression of white matter hyperintensities and cognition: A meta-analysis
Kloppenborg, R. P., Nederkoorn, P. J., Geerlings, M. I., & van den Berg, E. (2014) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000000505 · Cited by 338
Brain microbleeds and Alzheimer’s disease: innocent observation or key player?
Cordonnier, C., & van der Flier, W. M. (2011) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awq321 · Cited by 310
Longitudinal association between hippocampus atrophy and episodic-memory decline
Gorbach, T., Pudas, S., Lundquist, A., Orädd, G., Josefsson, M., Salami, A., de Luna, X., & Nyberg, L. (2017) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.12.002 · Cited by 245
Cerebral microbleeds, retinopathy, and dementia: The AGES-Reykjavik Study
Qiu, C., Cotch, M. F., Sigurdsson, S., Jonsson, P. V., Jonsdottir, M. K., Sveinbjrnsdottir, S., Eiriksdottir, G., Klein, R., Harris, T. B., van Buchem, M. A., et al. (2010) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182020349 · Cited by 237
den Heijer, T., van der Lijn, F., Koudstaal, P. J., Hofman, A., van der Lugt, A., Krestin, G. P., Niessen, W. J., & Breteler, M. M. B. (2010) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awq048 · Cited by 227
Self-citationPower, M. C., Weuve, J., Gagne, J. J., McQueen, M. B., Viswanathan, A., & Blacker, D. (2011) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e31822708b5 · Cited by 213
Duering, M., Zieren, N., Hervé, D., Jouvent, E., Reyes, S., Peters, N., Pachai, C., Opherk, C., Chabriat, H., & Dichgans, M. (2011) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awr169 · Cited by 200
Discrete neuroanatomical networks are associated with specific cognitive abilities in old age
Wen, W., Zhu, W., He, Y., Kochan, N. A., Reppermund, S., Slavin, M. J., Brodaty, H., Crawford, J., Xia, A., & Sachdev, P. (2011) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4085-10.2011 · Cited by 204
Getting to the Heart of Alzheimer Disease
Tublin, J. M., Adelstein, J. M., del Monte, F., Combs, C. K., & Wold, L. E. (2019) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.118.313563 · Cited by 188
Relationship Between White Matter Hyperintensities, Cortical Thickness, and Cognition
Tuladhar, A. M., Reid, A. T., Shumskaya, E., de Laat, K. F., van Norden, A. G. W., van Dijk, E. J., Norris, D. G., & de Leeuw, F.-E. (2015) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.114.007146 · Cited by 195
Structural network alterations and neurological dysfunction in cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Reijmer, Y. D., Fotiadis, P., Martinez-Ramirez, S., Salat, D. H., Schultz, A., Shoamanesh, A., Ayres, A. M., Vashkevich, A., Rosas, D., Schwab, K., et al. (2015) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awu316 · Cited by 181
Zimmerman, B., Rypma, B., Gratton, G., & Fabiani, M. (2021) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13796 · Cited by 179
Hollocks, M. J., Lawrence, A. J., Brookes, R. L., Barrick, T. R., Morris, R. G., Husain, M., & Markus, H. S. (2015) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awv304 · Cited by 166
Space and location of cerebral microbleeds, cognitive decline, and dementia in the community
Ding, J., Sigurðsson, S., Jónsson, P. V., Eiriksdottir, G., Meirelles, O., Kjartansson, O., Lopez, O. L., van Buchem, M. A., Gudnason, V., & Launer, L. J. (2017) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000003983 · Cited by 159
Selnes, O. A., & Vinters, H. V. (2006) · Nature Clinical Practice Neurology · doi:10.1038/ncpneuro0294 · Cited by 146
Tuladhar, A. M., van Dijk, E., Zwiers, M. P., van Norden, A. G. W., de Laat, K. F., Shumskaya, E., Norris, D. G., & de Leeuw, F.-E. (2016) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23032 · Cited by 142
Atherosclerotic calcification is related to a higher risk of dementia and cognitive decline
Bos, D., Vernooij, M. W., de Bruijn, R. F. A. G., Koudstaal, P. J., Hofman, A., Franco, O. H., van der Lugt, A., & Ikram, M. A. (2015) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2014.05.1758 · Cited by 142
Self-citationWhite matter lesions and brain atrophy: more than shared risk factors? A systematic review
Appelman, A. P. A., Exalto, L. G., van der Graaf, Y., Biessels, G. J., Mali, W. P. T. M., & Geerlings, M. I. (2009) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1159/000226774 · Cited by 130
Cerebrovascular disease, beta-amyloid, and cognition in aging
Marchant, N. L., Reed, B. R., DeCarli, C. S., Madison, C. M., Weiner, M. W., Chui, H. C., & Jagust, W. J. (2012) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.10.001 · Cited by 127
Fabbri, E., An, Y., Zoli, M., Tanaka, T., Simonsick, E. M., Kitner‐Triolo, M. H., Studenski, S. A., Resnick, S. M., & Ferrucci, L. (2016) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.14092 · Cited by 123
Lacunar Infarcts Are the Main Correlate With Cognitive Dysfunction in CADASIL
Liem, M. K., van der Grond, J., Haan, J., van den Boom, R., Ferrari, M. D., Knaap, Y. M., Breuning, M. H., van Buchem, M. A., Middelkoop, H. A. M., & Lesnik Oberstein, S. A. J. (2007) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000257968.24015.bf · Cited by 114
Biesbroek, J. M., Kuijf, H. J., van der Graaf, Y., Vincken, K. L., Postma, A., Mali, W. P. T. M., Biessels, G. J., Geerlings, M. I., & on behalf of the SMART Study Group (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060541 · Cited by 108
Charlton, R. A., Landau, S., Schiavone, F., Barrick, T. R., Clark, C. A., Markus, H. S., & Morris, R. G. (2008) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.03.017 · Cited by 113
Aribisala, B. S., Valdés Hernández, M. C., Royle, N. A., Morris, Z., Muñoz Maniega, S., Bastin, M. E., Deary, I. J., & Wardlaw, J. M. (2013) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-012-2677-x · Cited by 91
Duering, M., Gonik, M., Malik, R., Zieren, N., Reyes, S., Jouvent, E., Hervé, D., Gschwendtner, A., Opherk, C., Chabriat, H., et al. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.10.084 · Cited by 89
Cognitive Impairment in Transient Ischemic Attack Patients: A Systematic Review
van Rooij, F. G., Kessels, R. P. C., Richard, E., De Leeuw, F.-E., & van Dijk, E. J. (2016) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1159/000444282 · Cited by 90
Self-citationOxidative Glial Cell Damage Associated with White Matter Lesions in the Aging Human Brain
Al‐Mashhadi, S., Simpson, J. E., Heath, P. R., Dickman, M., Forster, G., Matthews, F. E., Brayne, C., Ince, P. G., Wharton, S. B., & Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (2015) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/bpa.12216 · Cited by 85
Suspected non-AD pathology in mild cognitive impairment
Wisse, L. E. M., Butala, N., Das, S. R., Davatzikos, C., Dickerson, B. C., Vaishnavi, S. N., Yushkevich, P. A., & Wolk, D. A. (2015) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.08.029 · Cited by 78
Roseborough, A. D., Saad, L., Goodman, M., Cipriano, L. E., Hachinski, V. C., & Whitehead, S. N. (2023) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12642 · Cited by 80
Rizvi, B., Lao, P. J., Chesebro, A. G., Dworkin, J. D., Amarante, E., Beato, J. M., Gutierrez, J., Zahodne, L. B., Schupf, N., Manly, J. J., et al. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.25166 · Cited by 79
Clinical Presentation and Outcome of Geriatric Depression in Subcortical Ischemic Vascular Disease
Bella, R., Pennisi, G., Cantone, M., Palermo, F., Pennisi, M., Lanza, G., Zappia, M., & Paolucci, S. (2010) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000272003 · Cited by 78
. Prevalence, incidence, and risk factors of lacunar infarcts in a community sample.
Chen, X., Wen, W., Anstey, K. J., & Sachdev, P. S. (2009) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181aa52ea · Cited by 76
Diffusion changes predict cognitive and functional outcome: The LADIS study
Jokinen, H., Schmidt, R., Ropele, S., Fazekas, F., Gouw, A. A., Barkhof, F., Scheltens, P., Madureira, S., Verdelho, A., Ferro, J. M., et al. (2013) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.23802 · Cited by 68
Are white matter abnormalities associated with “unexplained dizziness”?
Ahmad, H., Cerchiai, N., Mancuso, M., Casani, A. P., & Bronstein, A. M. (2015) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2015.09.006 · Cited by 66
Kang, C.-K., Park, C.-A., Park, C.-W., Lee, Y.-B., Cho, Z.-H., & Kim, Y.-B. (2010) · International Journal of Stroke · doi:10.1111/j.1747-4949.2010.00464.x · Cited by 64
Study, F. T. A., Brugulat-Serrat, A., Salvadó, G., Sudre, C. H., Grau-Rivera, O., Suárez-Calvet, M., Falcon, C., Sánchez-Benavides, G., Gramunt, N., Fauria, K., et al. (2020) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-019-00151-2 · Cited by 64
Righart, R., Duering, M., Gonik, M., Jouvent, E., Reyes, S., Hervé, D., Chabriat, H., & Dichgans, M. (2013) · NeuroImage: Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2013.06.006 · Cited by 62
Appelman, A. P. A., Vincken, K. L., van der Graaf, Y., Vlek, A. L. M., Witkamp, T. D., Mali, W. P. T. M., & Geerlings, M. I. (2010) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1159/000255971 · Cited by 58
Papma, J. M., den Heijer, T., de Koning, I., Mattace-Raso, F. U., van der Lugt, A., van der Lijn, F., van Swieten, J. C., Koudstaal, P. J., Smits, M., & Prins, N. D. (2013) · NeuroImage: Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2012.11.005 · Cited by 48
Self-citationVascular cognitive impairment: Today and tomorrow
Chui, H. C. (2006) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2006.03.003 · Cited by 44
Amyloid burden and white matter hyperintensities mediate age-related cognitive differences
Dupont, P. S., Bocti, C., Joannette, M., Lavallée, M. M., Nikelski, J., Vallet, G. T., Chertkow, H., & Joubert, S. (2020) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.08.025 · Cited by 25
Vipin, A., Kumar, D., Soo, S. A., Zailan, F. Z., Leow, Y. J., Koh, C. L., Ng, A. S. L., Ng, K. P., & Kandiah, N. (2023) · Alzheimer's Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-023-01251-4 · Cited by 17
Kumar, D., Yatawara, C., Wang, B., Wong, B., Tan, Y. J., Zailan, F. Z., Ng, K. P., & Kandiah, N. (2022) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-215556 · Cited by 12
Metadata
- Authors
- Prins, N. D., van Dijk, E. J., den Heijer, T., Vermeer, S. E., Jolles, J., Koudstaal, P. J., Hofman, A., & Breteler, M. M. B.
- Venue
- Brain
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2005-06-09
- Volume
- 128
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 2034-2041
- ISSN
- 0006-8950 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2156
- OpenAlex
- W2136239752
- Cited by
- 736
- References
- 9
- FWCI
- 15.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
