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Cited by 241Neural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorHistorical and Modern Theater Studies

Prefrontal cortex and dynamic categorization tasks: representational organization and neuromodulatory control

O'Reilly, R. C.·2002·Cerebral Cortex
DOI 10.1093/cercor/12.3.246
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Abstract

We present a computational model of the intradimensional/ extradimensional (ID/ED) task (a variant of the Wisconsin card sorting task) that simulates the performance of intact and frontally lesioned monkeys on three different kinds of rule changes (Dias et al., 1997, J Neurosci 17:9285-9297). Although Dias et al. interpret the lesion data as supporting a model in which prefrontal cortex is organized into different processing functions, our model suggests an alternative account based on representational content. A key aspect of the model is that prefrontal cortex representations are organized according to different levels of abstraction, with orbital areas encoding more specific featural information and dorsolateral areas encoding more abstract dimensional information. This representational scheme of the model is integrated with two additional key elements: (i) activation-based working memory representations controlled by a dynamic gating mechanism that simulates the hypothesized phasic actions of dopaminergic neuromodulation in prefrontal cortex, which acts to stabilize or destabilize frontal representations based on success in the task; and (ii) a weight-based associative learning system simulating posterior cortex and other subcortical areas, where the stimulus-response mappings are encoded. Frontal cortex contributes to the task via top-down activation-based biasing of task-appropriate features and dimensions in this posterior cortex system - this top-down biasing is specifically important for overcoming prepotent associations after a sorting rule reverses. The ability of the model to capture the double-dissociation observed by Dias et al. with orbital versus dorsolateral lesions supports the validity of these principles, many of which have also been useful in accounting for other frontal phenomena.

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Crossref · 10.1093/cercor/12.3.246

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  • This perspective on dopaminergic function fits comfortably with a gating role for dopamine in selecting the percepts that guide action.

    “Furthermore, this perspective on dopaminergic function fits comfortably with a gating role for dopamine (O'Reilly et al. 2002) in selecting the percepts that guide action (Redgrave et al. 1999).”

    From Action and behavior: a free-energy formulation (2010) · cites this paper as O'Reilly et al. 2002

  • The brain regions commonly activated by WCST, ID/ED, and TMT involve fronto-parietal and fronto-striatal areas.

    “As shown in Table 1 (in the main text), regions commonly activated during these tasks are related to fronto-parietal and fronto-striatal brain regions [59–65].”

    From The paradox of cognitive flexibility in autism (2009) · cites this paper as [62]

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Authors
O'Reilly, R. C.
Venue
Cerebral Cortex
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2002-03-01
Volume
12
Issue
3
Pages
246-257
ISSN
  • 1047-3211 (ISSN-L)
  • 1460-2199
DOI
10.1093/cercor/12.3.246
OpenAlex
W2127262270
Cited by
241
References
38
Citations by year
2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 12
FWCI
10.68
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Cerebral Cortex (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health (MH-47566, P01MH047566)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Historical and Modern Theater Studies
Keywords
prefrontal cortex, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, rule changes, levels of abstraction, orbitofrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, working memory, dopaminergic modulation, dynamic gating, associative learning, stimulus-response mapping, frontal lobe lesions, computational model
MeSH terms
Animals, Haplorhini, Cognition, Computer Simulation, Dopamine, Learning, Memory, Models, Neurological, Prefrontal Cortex

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