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Recall of Psychiatric History in Cross-sectional Surveys: Implications for Epidemiologic Research
Abstract
Data from a variety of sources suggest the possibility of significant errors in lifetime recall of psychiatric illness. Remote episodes of illness may often be forgotten, especially among patients with milder or less recurrent illness or those who received no treatment. These errors in recall may lead to significant underestimation of true lifetime prevalence and may produce the appearance of large temporal increases in risk in the absence of any true change. When assessing lifetime history, cross-sectional surveys may differentially underestimate prevalence in the elderly and in those with less severe or recurrent illness. While lifetime risk of depression and other psychiatric disorders may not be increasing as rapidly as suggested by cross-sectional surveys, the overall impact of such disorders over the life span may be significantly greater than previous community surveys have indicated.
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“Retrospective recall is associated with decreased reliability as a result of memory deterioration, hindsight and recall bias, and a tendency to overemphasize past events, which provide an explanation for current problems (Hardt and Rutter, 2004) or underestimate past morbidity (Simon and VonKorff, 1995).”
From Factors associated with recovery from anorexia nervosa (2013) · cites this paper as Simon and VonKorff, 1995
In the citing paper
“Retrospective recall entails sources of invalidity that limit inference about the developmental origins of adults with disorder(15-17).”
From Is adult ADHD a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder? Evidence from a four-decade longitudinal cohort study (2015) · cites this paper as [17]
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“Retrospective age-of-onset reports were obtained in the WMH-CIDI using a series of questions designed to avoid the implausible response patterns obtained when using the standard CIDI age-of-onset question.(10) The sequence began with a question designed to emphasize the importance of accurate responses: “Can you remem…”
MethodAge of onset of mental disorders: a review of recent literature
Kessler, R. C., Amminger, G. P., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Alonso, J., Lee, S., & ??st??n, T. B. (2007) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0b013e32816ebc8c · Cited by 3,457
Ferrari, A. J., Charlson, F. J., Norman, R. E., Patten, S. B., Freedman, G., Murray, C. J. L., Vos, T., & Whiteford, H. A. (2013) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001547 · Cited by 3,115
“Lifetime estimates were excluded as recall bias invalidates them as credible measures of disease burden [21–24].”
Background(2007) · PubMed Central · Cited by 2,521
Green, J. G., McLaughlin, K. A., Berglund, P. A., Gruber, M. J., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M., & Kessler, R. C. (2010) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.186 · Cited by 2,323
Physical and mental health effects of intimate partner violence for men and women
Coker, A. L., Davis, K. E., Arias, I., Desai, S., Sanderson, M., Brandt, H. M., & Smith, P. H. (2002) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(02)00514-7 · Cited by 2,258
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“The accuracy of retrospective reports is often suspect,(25) especially with regard to the timing of the age of onset.(26,27) Although improvements in questionnaire design can minimize retrospective errors and biases, prospective longitudinal data are preferred for dating and charting developmental histories.”
BackgroundEpidemiology of women and depression
Kessler, R. (2003) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(02)00426-3 · Cited by 2,006
Lai, M.-C., Kassee, C., Besney, R., Bonato, S., Hull, L., Mandy, W., Szatmari, P., & Ameis, S. H. (2019) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(19)30289-5 · Cited by 1,892
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A systematic review and meta-regression of the prevalence and incidence of perinatal depression
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“Estimates of lifetime prevalence were not included, as they are more susceptible to recall bias (Simon and VonKorff, 1995).”
BackgroundFerrari, A. J., Somerville, A. J., Baxter, A. J., Norman, R., Patten, S. B., Vos, T., & Whiteford, H. A. (2013) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291712001511 · Cited by 1,230
“Lifetime estimates were excluded, as these are more prone to recall bias (Simon & VonKorff, 1995 ; Kruijshaar et al. 2005; Moffitt et al. 2010 ; Susser & Shrout, 2010).”
BackgroundAndrade, L., Caraveo‐anduaga, J. J., Berglund, P., Bijl, R. V., Graaf, R. D., Vollebergh, W., Dragomirecka, E., Kohn, R., Keller, M., Kessler, R. C., et al. (2003) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.138 · Cited by 1,068
Epidemiology of Temporomandibular Disorders: Implications for the Investigation of Etiologic Factors
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DSM-IV pathological gambling in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication
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“The experience of at least one episode of DSM-defined disorder during a lifetime may be far more common in the population than previously thought.”
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“Retrospective AOO reports were based on a question series designed to avoid the implausible response patterns obtained in using the standard Composite International Diagnostic Interview [CIDI] AOO question [32].”
Strategy for Investigating Interactions Between Measured Genes and Measured Environments
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“The dangers of retrospective data are known: normal forgetting, revisionist recall, bias by respondents’ knowledge of subsequent disease outcome, bias from patients’ cognitive dysfunction or low mood, and forward telescoping of recalled events.(76,77) A specific difficulty for retrospective recall in GxE studies is ev…”
BackgroundDepression as a disease of modernity: explanations for increasing prevalence
Hidaka, B. H. (2012) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.12.036 · Cited by 769
“People often exhibit poor recall and under-report past depressive episodes in community samples (Bromet et al., 1986), especially milder episodes for which no treatment was received (Simon and VonKorff, 1995; Wells and Horwood, 2004).”
BackgroundThe National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS‐R): background and aims
Kessler, R. C., & Merikangas, K. R. (2004) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.166 · Cited by 745
Moffitt, T. E., Harrington, H., Caspi, A., Kim-Cohen, J., Goldberg, D., Gregory, A. M., & Poulton, R. (2007) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.6.651 · Cited by 41
“This implausible ratio from retrospective surveys could be explained if currently healthy respondents underreport past disorder in their lifetimes.(22) Regarding the research questions of this article, retrospective surveys may have markedly underestimated the proportion of adults in the population who experience both…”
BackgroundAdult mental health disorders and their age at onset
Jones, P. B. (2013) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.112.119164 · Cited by 701
Specifying race-ethnic differences in risk for psychiatric disorder in a USA national sample
BRESLAU, J., AGUILAR-GAXIOLA, S., KENDLER, K. S., SU, M., WILLIAMS, D., & KESSLER, R. C. (2006) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291705006161 · Cited by 673
Moffitt, T. E., Houts, R., Asherson, P., Belsky, D. W., Corcoran, D. L., Hammerle, M., Harrington, H., Hogan, S., Meier, M. H., Polanczyk, G. V., et al. (2015) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.14101266 · Cited by 618
The prevalence and burden of bipolar disorder: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
Ferrari, A. J., Stockings, E., Khoo, J., Erskine, H. E., Degenhardt, L., Vos, T., & Whiteford, H. A. (2016) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12423 · Cited by 583
The prevalence and characteristics of migraine in a population-based cohort
Launer, L. J., Terwindt, G. M., & Ferrari, M. D. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.53.3.537 · Cited by 587
Roza, S. J., Hofstra, M. B., van der Ende, J., & Verhulst, F. C. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.12.2116 · Cited by 540
“People tend to underestimate past morbidity, which may lead to significant underestimation of the lifetime prevalences reported (24).”
BackgroundHealth of UK servicemen who served in Persian Gulf War
Unwin, C., Blatchley, N., Coker, W. J., Ferry, S., Hotopf, M. H., Hull, L., Ismail, K., Palmer, I. P., David, A. S., & Wessely, S. C. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)11338-7 · Cited by 529
Development of lifetime comorbidity in the World Health Organization world mental health surveys
Kessler, R. C., Ormel, J., Petukhova, M., McLaughlin, K. A., Green, J. G., Russo, L. J., Stein, D. J., Zaslavsky, A. M., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Alonso, J., et al. (2011) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.180 · Cited by 508
Childhood IQ and Adult Mental Disorders: A Test of the Cognitive Reserve Hypothesis
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“However, with this prospective approach, disorders are not undercounted because of participants’ failure to recall criterion symptoms from years past, as occurs in retrospective surveys (28).”
Uher, R., & McGuffin, P. (2007) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4002067 · Cited by 508
Eaton, W. W. (1997) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830230023003 · Cited by 489
Kessler, R. C., Wittchen, H., Abelson, J. M., Mcgonagle, K., Schwarz, N., Kendler, K. S., Knäuper, B., & Zhao, S. (1998) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.33 · Cited by 483
Kessler, R. C., Merikangas, K. R., & Wang, P. S. (2007) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091444 · Cited by 468
Research Review: DSM‐V conduct disorder: research needs for an evidence base
Moffitt, T. E., order, A. I. A., Arseneault, L., Jaffee, S. R., Kim‐Cohen, J., Koenen, K. C., Odgers, C. L., Slutske, W. S., & Viding, E. M. (2007) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01823.x · Cited by 457
“A clinician may lack access to information about an adolescent patient’s symptom history; credible reporters about the adolescents’ childhood behavior may not be available, and even if reporters are at hand, retrospective reports are famously subject to memory failure (Simon & VonKorff, 1995).”
BackgroundKESSLER, R. C., STANG, P., WITTCHEN, H.-U., STEIN, M., & WALTERS, E. E. (1999) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291799008375 · Cited by 434
“…implausible associations between age at interview and reported age of onset found in surveys that use the standard CIDI age of onset question (Simon & VonKorff, 1995) does not exist in the NCS (Knauper et al. 1999), indirectly arguing for an improvement in validity based on the use of the…”
BackgroundThe Age of Onset of Anxiety Disorders: A Meta-analysis
Lijster, J. M. D., Dierckx, B., Utens, E. M. W. J., Verhulst, F. C., Zieldorff, C., Dieleman, G. C., & Legerstee, J. S. (2017) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0706743716640757 · Cited by 426
Cochran, S. D., & Mays, V. M. (2000) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.90.4.573 · Cited by 407
“Previous studies have shown that severe psychiatric symptoms and those occurring within the past 5 years are more likely to be recalled during interviews.(32) Therefore, if suicide attempts among gay men are clustered in adolescence and young adulthood, older men may not recall or interpret early self-destructive beha…”
ResultMoffitt, T. E., Caspi, A., & Rutter, M. (2006) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2006.00002.x · Cited by 389
Scott, K. M. (2011) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.77 · Cited by 361
“Bias also exists regarding recall of the age at onset of mental disorders.(26) The WMH Surveys revised the method of asking about age at onset to reduce this bias, but some bias probably remains.”
MethodTreatment of suicidal people around the world
Bruffaerts, R., Demyttenaere, K., Hwang, I., Chiu, W.-T., Sampson, N., Kessler, R. C., Alonso, J., Borges, G., de Girolamo, G., de Graaf, R., et al. (2011) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.110.084129 · Cited by 338
Kessler, R. C., Stang, P., Wittchen, H., Üstün, T. B., Roy-Burne, P. P., & Walters, E. (1998) · The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.55.9.801 · Cited by 357
Ferrari, A. J., Charlson, F. J., Norman, R. E., Flaxman, A. D., Patten, S. B., Vos, T., & Whiteford, H. A. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0069637 · Cited by 330
“Lifetime estimates were excluded as they are most susceptible to recall bias [37–40].”
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Rong, Y., Yang, C.-J., Jin, Y., & Wang, Y. (2021) · Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2021.101759 · Cited by 316
McLaughlin, K. A., Breslau, J. A., Green, J. G., Lakoma, M. D., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M., & Kessler, R. C. (2011) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.06.011 · Cited by 315
Sex differences in recent first-onset depression in an epidemiological sample of adolescents
Breslau, J. A., Gilman, S. E., Stein, B. D., Ruder, T., Gmelin, T. A., & Miller, E. P. (2017) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2017.105 · Cited by 327
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Andrade, L. H., Berglund, P. A., Bijl, R. C., Walters, E. E., Offord, D. R., & Üstün, T. B. (2000) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 288
Suicide Attempts Among Gay and Bisexual Men: Lifetime Prevalence and Antecedents
Paul, J. P., Catania, J. A., Pollack, L. M., Moskowitz, J. T., Canchola, J. A., Mills, T., Binson, D., & Stall, R. D. (2002) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.92.8.1338 · Cited by 284
Himle, J. A., Baser, R. E., Taylor, R. J., Campbell, R. D., & Jackson, J. S. (2009) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.01.002 · Cited by 278
“The age of disorder onset was determined using a series of questions designed to enhance respondent recall (KnÄuper, Cannell, Schwarz, Bruce, & Kessler, 1999; Simon & VonKorff, 1995).”
Kessler, R. C., Avenevoli, S., McLaughlin, K. A., Green, J. G., Lakoma, M. D., Petukhova, M. V., Pine, D. S., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M., & Merikangas, K. R. (2012) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291712000025 · Cited by 280
Benjet, C. L., Borges, G. L. G., & Medina‐Mora, M. E. (2010) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.01.004 · Cited by 261
“The WMH-CIDI assessed age-of-onset of disorders retrospectively using a series of questions designed to improve accuracy of retrospect reports and avoid implausible response patterns (Simon and VonKorff, 1995; Kessler et al., 2005).”
MethodScott, K. M., Wells, J. E., Angermeyer, M., Brugha, T. S., Bromet, E. J., Demyttenaere, K., de Girolamo, G., Gureje, O., Haro, J. M., Jin, R., et al. (2009) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291709991942 · Cited by 257
Juvenile Mental Health Histories of Adults With Anxiety Disorders
Gregory, A. M., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., Koenen, K. C., Eley, T. C., & Poulton, R. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2007.164.2.301 · Cited by 247
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More treatment but no less depression: The treatment-prevalence paradox
Ormel, J., Hollon, S. D., Kessler, R. C., Cuijpers, P., & Monroe, S. M. (2022) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102111 · Cited by 213
The global burden of conduct disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in 2010
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“It has been proposed that the cohort effect does not in fact exist (Giuffra & Risch, 1994; Simon & VonKorff, 1992, 1995).”
BackgroundRisk for Psychiatric Disorder Among Immigrants and Their US-Born Descendants
Breslau, J. A., Aguilar‐Gaxiola, S., Borges, G. L. G., Kendler, K. S., Su, M., & Kessler, R. C. (2007) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000243779.35541.c6 · Cited by 190
“Retrospective age of onset reports were obtained in the WMH-CIDI using a question series designed to avoid the implausible response patterns obtained in using the standard CIDI age of onset question (Simon and VonKorff, 1995).”
MethodIncidence and Recurrence of Late-Life Depression
Luijendijk, H. J., van den Berg, J. F., Dekker, M. J. H. J., van Tuijl, H. R., Otte, W., Smit, F., Albert Hofman, D., Stricker, B. H. C., & Tiemeier, H. W. (2008) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.65.12.1394 · Cited by 192
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“However, epidemiological tools that inquire about lifetime diagnoses of depression may be subject to recall biases (42,43), and so this would not have necessarily clarified the issue in our study, had it been asked.”
BackgroundTegethoff, M., Belardi, A., Stalujanis, E., & Meinlschmidt, G. (2015) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2015.06.009 · Cited by 187
Micai, M., Fatta, L. M., Gila, L., Caruso, A., Salvitti, T., Fulceri, F., Ciaramella, A., D’Amico, R., Giovane, C. D., Bertelli, M. O., et al. (2023) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105436 · Cited by 211
“A favorable aspect was that most of the studies assessed CCs at a precise timepoint of people life which preserves from recall biases (Simon and VonKorff, 1995), instead of registering a lifetime prevalence.”
BackgroundROBERTS, R. E., Roberts, C. R., & Xing, Y. (2007) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.12.010 · Cited by 177
“However, we believe estimating the timing of comorbid disorders using lifetime retrospective recall is problematic methodologically (see Simon and VonKorff, 1995;Kandel et al., 1999) and therefore chose not to attempt such estimates (see also Wells and Horwood, 2004;Fergusson et al., 2000).”
BackgroundRichter, D., Wall, A., Bruen, A. J., & Whittington, R. (2019) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.13083 · Cited by 199
“However, as later re-analyses have shown, the studies were compromised by recall bias (8, 9).”
Understanding Disability in Mental and General Medical Conditions
Druss, B. G., Marcus, S. C., Rosenheck, R. A., Olfson, M., Tanielian, T., & Pincus, H. A. (2000) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.9.1485 · Cited by 172
Rueter, M. A., Scaramella, L., Wallace, L. E., & Conger, R. D. (1999) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.56.8.726 · Cited by 173
“Unfortunately, reports linking prodromal symptoms to the onset of anxiety or depressivedisorders relyentirelyoneitheronetime follow-up studies that cannot describe symptom course or retrospective recall, which is often unreliable.(8) Likewise, heavy reliance on cross-sectional or one-time follow-up designs has limited…”
BackgroundDepression in later life: three etiologically different subgroups
van den Berg, M. D., Oldehinkel, A. J., Bouhuys, A. L., Brilman, E. I., Beekman, A. T. F., & Ormel, J. (2001) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(00)00263-9 · Cited by 171
Keller, T. E., Salazar, A. M., & Courtney, M. E. (2010) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2009.12.010 · Cited by 164
Stability of Somatization Disorder and Somatization Symptoms Among Primary Care Patients
Simon, G. E., & Gureje, O. (1999) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.56.1.90 · Cited by 162
“Our findings regarding recall of lifetime somatization symptoms are consistent with findings for other psychiatric disorders.(11) Several studies have examined recall of anxiety and depressive symptoms during periods of 6 months to 5 years.”
ResultSelf-citationForgetting, Fabricating, and Telescoping
BARSKY, A. J. (2002) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.162.9.981 · Cited by 159
Joe, S., Baser, R. S., Neighbors, H. W., Caldwell, C. H., & Jackson, J. S. (2009) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e318195bccf · Cited by 157
The prevalence and correlates of DSM-IV disorders in the Iraq Mental Health Survey (IMHS).
Al-Hasnawi, S. M., Sadik, S., Rasheed, M., Baban, A., Al-Alak, M. M., Othman, A. Y., Othman, Y., Taib, N. I., Shawani, O., Murthy, S., et al. (2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 156
Enduring mental health: Prevalence and prediction.
Schaefer, J. D., Caspi, A., Belsky, D. W., Harrington, H., Houts, R., Horwood, L. J., Hussong, A. M., Ramrakha, S., Poulton, R., & Moffitt, T. E. (2016) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000232 · Cited by 168
“This article examines Study members who were assessed for mental disorders at ages 11, 13, 15, 18, 21, 26, 32, and 38 years of age.”
BackgroundLifetime prevalence and inter-cohort variation in DSM-IV disorders in metropolitan China
Lee, S., Tsang, A., Zhang, M., Huang, Y., He, Y., Liu, Z., Shen, Y., & Kessler, R. C. (2006) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291706008993 · Cited by 149
Psychiatric disorders in Mexico: Lifetime prevalence in a nationally representative sample
Medina-Mora, M. E., Borges, G., Benjet, C., Lara, C., & Berglund, P. (2007) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.106.025841 · Cited by 139
Incidence of late-life depression: A systematic review
Büchtemann, D., Luppa, M., Bramesfeld, A., & Riedel-Heller, S. G. (2012) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.05.010 · Cited by 138
Rhebergen, D., Beekman, A. T. F., de Graaf, R., Nolen, W. A., Spijker, J., Hoogendijk, W. J., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2010) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2009.10.029 · Cited by 127
Gender and outpatient mental health service use
Rhodes, A. E., Goering, P. N., To, T. M., & Williams, J. (2002) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(01)00002-8 · Cited by 130
Increased prevalence of depression in South Korea from 2002 to 2013
Kim, G. E., Jo, M., & Shin, Y. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-74119-4 · Cited by 132
Glantz, M. D., Anthony, J. C., Berglund, P. A., Degenhardt, L. J., Dierker, L., Kalaydjian, A., Merikangas, K. R., Ruscio, A. M., Swendsen, J. D., & Kessler, R. C. (2008) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291708004510 · Cited by 121
Tani, Y., Fujiwara, T., Kondo, N., Noma, H., Sasaki, Y., & Kondo, K. (2016) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2016.06.001 · Cited by 127
Self‐reported use of mental health services versus administrative records: care to recall?
Rhodes, A. E., & Fung, K. (2004) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.172 · Cited by 120
“When persons are depressed, they are better at recalling past depressed states or stressful life events (Aneshensel et al., 1987; Simon and VonKorff, 1995).”
BackgroundMarel, C., Sunderland, M., Mills, K. L., Slade, T., Teesson, M., & Chapman, C. (2019) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.010 · Cited by 114
Gabilondo, A., Rojas‐Farreras, S., Vilagut, G., Haro, J. M., Fernández, A., Pinto‐Meza, A., & Alonso, J. (2009) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2009.04.016 · Cited by 125
“The novel probing strategy that was used in the WMH surveys, which was based in question series (Simon and Vonkorff, 1995), has shown to diminish this bias (Knauper et al., 1999).”
Factors associated with recovery from anorexia nervosa
Zerwas, S., Lund, B. C., Von Holle, A., Thornton, L. M., Berrettini, W. H., Brandt, H., Crawford, S., Fichter, M. M., Halmi, K. A., Johnson, C., et al. (2013) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.02.011 · Cited by 111
“Retrospective recall is associated with decreased reliability as a result of memory deterioration, hindsight and recall bias, and a tendency to overemphasize past events, which provide an explanation for current problems (Hardt and Rutter, 2004) or underestimate past morbidity (Simon and Vonkorff, 1995).”
BackgroundAltwaijri, Y. A., Al‐Subaie, A. S., Alhabeeb, A. A., Bilal, L., Al‐Desouki, M., Aradati, M., King, A. J., Sampson, N. A., & Kessler, R. C. (2020) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.1836 · Cited by 119
“Evidence for age-related bias has been documented in previous epidemiological research (Simon & VonKorff, 1995), although the novel probing strategy used in the WMH surveys has been shown to reduce this problem (Knäuper et al., 1999).”
MethodFerrari, A. J., Baxter, A. J., & Whiteford, H. (2010) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.11.007 · Cited by 118
“Lifetime prevalence estimates are not being used in the GBD 2010 study due to a range of problems including recall bias (Kruijshaar et al., 2005; Moffitt et al., 2010; Simon and VonKorff, 1995; Susser and Shrout, 2010).”
MethodIndicators of mental disorders in UK Biobank—A comparison of approaches
Davis, K. A. S., Cullen, B., Adams, M., Brailean, A., Breen, G., Coleman, J. R. I., Dregan, A., Gaspar, H. A., Hübel, C., Lee, W., et al. (2019) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.1796 · Cited by 111
“It may be that mental disorders are also underreported due to perceived stigma of the disorder (Nevin, 2009; Simon & VonKorff, 1995).”
BackgroundROBERTS, R. E., Roberts, C. R., & Chan, W. (2009) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01969.x · Cited by 105
Scott, K. M., Koenen, K. C., King, A., Petukhova, M. V., Alonso, J., Bromet, E. J., Bruffaerts, R., Bunting, B., de Jonge, P., Haro, J. M., et al. (2017) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291717001593 · Cited by 116
Miret, M., Caballero, F. F., Huerta-Ramírez, R., Moneta, M. V., Olaya, B., Chatterji, S., Haro, J. M., & Ayuso‐Mateos, J. L. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.03.045 · Cited by 114
Patterns of Health Care Costs Associated With Depression and Substance Abuse in a National Sample
Druss, B. G., & Rosenheck, R. A. (1999) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.50.2.214 · Cited by 99
The prevalence and correlates of workplace depression in the national comorbidity survey replication
Kessler, R. C., Merikangas, K. R., & Wang, P. S. (2008) · Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0b013e31816ba9b8 · Cited by 96
“Retrospective age-of-onset (AOO) reports were obtained in the NCS-R using a special question series designed to stimulate active memory search and to bound the recall inaccuracy that has been found in previous research on AOO reports.(73) Experimental research has shown that this question sequence yields responses wit…”
MethodTijssen, M. J. A., van Os, J., Wïttchen, H., Lieb, R., Beesdo‐Baum, K., Mengelers, R., & Wichers, M. (2010) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.109.065763 · Cited by 103
The Epidemiology of Depression among Women
Kessler, R. C. (2006) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511841262.004 · Cited by 103
Personality disorders in late life. Understanding and overcoming the gap in research.
Agronin, M., & Maletta, G. (2000) · The American journal of geriatric psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00019442-200002000-00002 · Cited by 83
Metadata
- Authors
- Simon, G. E., & VonKorff, M.
- Affiliations
- Group Health Cooperative (US)
- Corresponding author
- Simon, Gregory E.
- ORCID
- Simon, Gregory E.
- Venue
- Epidemiologic Reviews
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1995
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 221-227
- ISSN
- 0193-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1478-6729
- OpenAlex
- W1531843813
- Cited by
- 269
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 11.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Epidemiologic Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (51338)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Survey Methodology and Nonresponse
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
- Keywords
- lifetime prevalence, recall bias, cross-sectional survey, depression, mental illness, underestimation of prevalence, older adults, disease severity
- MeSH terms
- Mental Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Medical History Taking, Mental Recall, Reproducibility of Results, Bias
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