Biobehavioral Assessments in BACPAC: Recommendations, Rationale, and Methods

Greco, Carol M; Wasan, Ajay D; Schneider, Michael J; Mehling, Wolf; Williams, David A; Darwin, Jessa; Harte, Steven E

doi:10.1093/pm/pnac175

Cited by 13Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitationPain Mechanisms and TreatmentsPain Management and Treatment

Biobehavioral Assessments in BACPAC: Recommendations, Rationale, and Methods

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Greco, Carol M, Wasan, Ajay D, Schneider, Michael J, Mehling, Wolf, Williams, David A, Darwin, Jessa, Harte, Steven E·2023·Pain Medicine

DOI 10.1093/pm/pnac175PMC PMC10403301

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Abstract

The Biobehavioral Working Group of BACPAC was charged to evaluate a range of psychosocial, psychophysical, and behavioral domains relevant to chronic low back pain, and recommend specific assessment tools and procedures to harmonize biobehavioral data collection across the consortium. Primary references and sources for measure selection were the Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials, the Minimum Data Set from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Research Task Force on Standards for Chronic Low Back Pain, the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System, and NeuroQOL. The questionnaire's recommendations supplemented the NIH HEAL Common Data Elements and BACPAC Minimum Data Set. Five domains were identified for inclusion: Pain Characteristics and Qualities; Pain-Related Psychosocial/Behavioral Factors; General Psychosocial Factors; Lifestyle Choices; and Social Determinants of Health/Social Factors. The Working Group identified best practices for required and optional Quantitative Sensory Testing of psychophysical pain processing for use in BACPAC projects.

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ACT was selected as the psychological intervention for the BEST Trial based on literature support and its potential for improving difficult-to-treat subgroups with pain, such as older or less well-educated patients.
“ACT was selected as the psychological intervention based on the strength of literature support as an evidence-based treatment recommended for use in the setting of chronic pain management and its potential for improving difficult to treat subgroups with pain, such as older or less well-educated patients.3,5–7”
From Design and implementation of online acceptance and commitment therapy with enhanced therapist support for chronic low back pain (ACT for PAIN) (2025) · cites this paper as [7]
The Introduction and Results and Recommendations describe BACPAC assessment measures, not why ACT was selected for the BEST Trial. Searches for the BEST Trial, ACT, and older or less well-educated patients found no passage addressing that selection or the claimed subgroup benefit. The References list an acceptance-based pain-treatment study, but its title alone does not establish the claim. (LLM, conf=0.74)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is an evidence-based treatment recommended for use in chronic pain management.
“ACT was selected as the psychological intervention based on the strength of literature support as an evidence-based treatment recommended for use in the setting of chronic pain management and its potential for improving difficult to treat subgroups with pain, such as older or less well-educated patients.3,5–7”
From Design and implementation of online acceptance and commitment therapy with enhanced therapist support for chronic low back pain (ACT for PAIN) (2025) · cites this paper as [7]
In Results and Recommendations (page unavailable), the paper recommends measuring pain acceptance with a questionnaire, not using Acceptance and Commitment Therapy as a treatment. Its References list an acceptance-based treatment study, but the paper does not state that ACT is evidence-based or recommended for chronic pain management. Searches for ACT and acceptance-based treatment found no such recommendation. (LLM, conf=0.72)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Authors: Greco, C. M., Wasan, A. D., Schneider, M. J., Mehling, W., Williams, D. A., Darwin, J., & Harte, S. E.
Affiliations: University of Pittsburgh (US)
University of California, San Francisco (US)
University of Michigan (US)
Corresponding author: Greco, Carol M
ORCID: Greco, Carol M
Wasan, Ajay D
Schneider, Michael J
Mehling, Wolf
Williams, David A
Darwin, Jessa
Harte, Steven E
Venue: Pain Medicine
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2022-11-12
Volume: 24
Issue: Supplement_1
Pages: S61-S70
ISSN: 1526-2375 (ISSN-L)
1526-4637
DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnac175
PMC: PMC10403301
OpenAlex: W4308825559
Cited by: 13
References: 74
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2
FWCI: 1.65
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Pain Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: The Back Pain Consortium
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
National Institutes of Health
NIH (1U19AR076725-01, 1UG3AR076568-01, 1U19AR076737-01, 1U19AR076734-01)
Early Phase Pain Investigation Clinical Network Data Coordinating Center (3U24NS113844-01)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
Keywords: chronic low back pain, psychosocial factors, pain behavior, pain characteristics, quantitative sensory testing, social determinants of health, lifestyle factors, patient-reported outcomes
MeSH terms: Humans, National Institutes of Health (U.S.), Pain Measurement, Research Design, United States, Low Back Pain, Advisory Committees

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Biobehavioral Assessments in BACPAC: Recommendations, Rationale, and Methods

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