The psychological impact of COVID-19 on the mental health in the general population
Open accessAbstract
As a result of the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the Chinese city of Wuhan, a situation of socio-economic crisis and profound psychological distress rapidly occurred worldwide. Various psychological problems and important consequences in terms of mental health including stress, anxiety, depression, frustration, uncertainty during COVID-19 outbreak emerged progressively. This work aimed to comprehensively review the current literature about the impact of COVID-19 infection on the mental health in the general population. The psychological impact of quarantine related to COVID-19 infection has been additionally documented together with the most relevant psychological reactions in the general population related to COVID-19 outbreak. The role of risk and protective factors against the potential to develop psychiatric disorders in vulnerable individuals has been addressed as well. The main implications of the present findings have been discussed.
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Factors such as previous psychiatric diagnosis, isolation, financial distress, hopelessness, loneliness and uncertainty due to COVID-19 outbreaks can increase the risk of psychiatric conditions and suicide.
“Factors such as a previous psychiatric diagnosis, isolation, financial distress, hopelessness, loneliness and uncertainty due to COVID-19 outbreaks can also increase the risk of psychiatric conditions and suicide.(Killgore et al., 2020a; Serafini et al., 2020; Xin et al., 2020; Serafini et al., 2012)”
From Younger people are more vulnerable to stress, anxiety and depression during COVID-19 pandemic: a global cross-sectional survey (2021) · cites this paper as Serafini et al., 2020
Resilience and perception of social support can be protective against psychiatric disorders.
“In contrast, resilience and perception of social support can be protective against psychiatric disorders.(Serafini et al., 2020)”
From Younger people are more vulnerable to stress, anxiety and depression during COVID-19 pandemic: a global cross-sectional survey (2021) · cites this paper as Serafini et al., 2020
The drop in social contact during containment measures probably raised loneliness and may have raised psychological distress.
“This has led to a steep reduction in social contact which is likely to have increased experiences of loneliness and may have increased psychological distress (Barari et al., 2020; Serafini et al., 2020; Liu et al., 2020; Ellis et al., 2020).”
From Loneliness, social relationships, and mental health in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic (2021) · cites this paper as Serafini et al., 2020
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“The COVID-19 outbreak has affected the mental health of the general population with an increase of stress, anxiety, depression, frustration, and uncertainty (Serafini et al., 2020).”
BackgroundStrategies for the sustainable development of China in the post‐epidemic era
Zhao, X., Wen, J., Zou, X., Wang, Q., & Chang, C. (2022) · Sustainable Development · doi:10.1002/sd.2401 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Mortazavi, F., & Ghardashi, F. (2021) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-021-03691-y · Cited by 90 · see citing works
The impact of the COVID-19 on households’ hourly electricity consumption in Canada
Abdeen, A., Kharvari, F., O’Brien, W., & Gunay, B. (2021) · Energy and Buildings · doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111280 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Chen, X., Zou, Y., & Gao, H. (2021) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102532 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Eisenbeck, N., Carreno, D. F., & Pérez‐Escobar, J. A. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.648383 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Editorial: Psychological Distress Among University Students
Granieri, A., Franzoi, I. G., & Chung, M. C. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.647940 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
“In these times, we have also to consider the impact of the novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic, that aroused fears and anxiety globally, leading to an upsurge in the incidence and severity of mental health problems (Granieri et al., 2020; Serafini et al., 2020; Xiong et al., 2020).”
BackgroundPsychological Health of Surgeons in a Time of COVID-19
Tan, Y. Q., Wang, Z., Yap, Q. V., Chan, Y. H., Ho, R., Hamid, A. R. A. H., Landaluce-Olavarria, A., Pellino, G., Gauhar, V., Chand, M., et al. (2021) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0000000000004775 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“Medical health professionals have a higher suicide rate compared to that of the general public,(16) and they are at an even more vulnerable position in the time of this pandemic.(17) The pandemic unearthed casualties on a scale rarely seen in recent times.”
BackgroundMonteleone, A. M., Marciello, F., Cascino, G., Daga, G. A., Anselmetti, S., Baiano, M., Balestrieri, M., Barone, E., Bertelli, S., Carpiniello, B., et al. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.02.037 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Food & meal decision making in lockdown: How and who has Covid-19 affected?
Snuggs, S. J., & McGregor, S. (2020) · Food Quality and Preference · doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2020.104145 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Gao, Y., Bagheri, N., & Furuya‐Kanamori, L. (2022) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s10389-022-01704-4 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Zajacova, A., Jehn, A., Stackhouse, M., Choi, K. H., Denice, P. A., Haan, M., & Ramos, H. (2020) · SSM - Population Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100704 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Lee, D., Kim, Y.-J., Lee, D., Hwang, H.-H., Nam, S.-K., & Kim, J.-Y. (2020) · THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF COUNSELING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY · doi:10.23844/kjcp.2020.11.32.4.2119 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Gravely, S. M. L., Craig, L. V., Cummings, K. M., Ouimet, J. M., Loewen, R., Martin, N., Chung‐Hall, J., Driezen, P., Hitchman, S. C., McNeill, A. D., et al. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0252427 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“Because COVID-19 has created substantial psychological distress [22] and economic challenges [23, 24] throughout the world, it might be expected that the pandemic could result in increased smoking while trying to cope during these challenging times [25].”
BackgroundThe role of social connection on the experience of COVID-19 related post-traumatic growth and stress
Matos, M., McEwan, K., Kanovský, M., Halamová, J., Steindl, S. R., Ferreira, N., Linharelhos, M., Rijo, D., Asano, K., Vilas, S. P., et al. (2021) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0261384 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“The current study sheds light on the pivotal role social connection plays on how individuals adapt and cope with the challenging worldwide COVID-19 crisis, and hence may instruct the implementation of community-based strategies to support resilience and protect mental health in this period [81], and advise pandemic pl…”
BackgroundMatos, M., McEwan, K., Kanovský, M., Halamová, J., Steindl, S. R., Ferreira, N., Linharelhos, M., Rijo, D., Asano, K., Márquez, M. G., et al. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01822-2 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Social factors and worry associated with COVID-19: Evidence from a large survey in China
Zhou, M., & Guo, W. (2021) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113934 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“In particular, psychological and mental health problems, such as anxiety, can significantly grow during COVID-19 (Serafini et al., 2020).”
BackgroundCOVID-19 Fear, Resilience, Social Support, Anxiety, and Suicide among College Students in Spain
Rodríguez, J. M., Caravaca-Sánchez, F., & Fernández-Prados, J. S. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18158156 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Mental health status of COVID-19 survivors: a cross sectional study
Jafri, M. R., Zaheer, A., Fatima, S., Saleem, T., & Sohail, A. (2022) · Virology Journal · doi:10.1186/s12985-021-01729-3 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“This psychological distress includes anxiety, frustration, stress and depression led to a vague situations which emerged progressively during this outbreak [9].”
BackgroundAlrasheedy, A. A., Abdulsalim, S., Farooqui, M., Alsahali, S. M., & Godman, B. (2021) · Risk Management and Healthcare Policy · doi:10.2147/rmhp.s292354 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Salazar-Fernández, C., Palet, D., Haeger, P. A., & Mella, F. R. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13061910 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“At the health level, detrimental physical effects have been experienced by people with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, but lockdowns have also led to an increase in mental health problems [8,9].”
BackgroundPoor Separation of Clinical Symptom Profiles by DSM-5 Disorder Criteria
Newson, J. J., Pastukh, V., & Thiagarajan, T. C. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.775762 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“These criteria, when applied to the MHQ elements, required that the symptom profile (MHQ elements meeting the symptom threshold) included at least Feelings of Sadness, Distress or Hopelessness or poor Outlook & Optimism AND/OR poor Drive & Motivation or poor Curiosity, Interest & Enthusiasm, AND must have least 5 of (…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialAsiamah, N., Opuni, F. F., Mends-Brew, E., Mensah, S. W., Mensah, H. K., & Quansah, F. (2020) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-020-00722-4 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Bierman, A. S., Wang, J., O’Malley, P. G., & Moss, D. (2021) · Health Services Research · doi:10.1111/1475-6773.13863 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“, depression, financial strain, substance abuse, social isolation).(11,12) Thus, the burden of MCC will grow.”
BackgroundThe psychological effects of staying home due to the COVID-19 pandemic
Bozdağ, F. (2021) · The Journal of General Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221309.2020.1867494 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“Aside from several review articles (e.g. Brooks et al., 2020; Serafini et al., 2020), this limited research examining the impact of quarantine on society during the COVID-19 pandemic (Lu et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialLong, D., Haagsma, J. A., Janssen, M. F., Yfantopoulos, J., Lubetkin, E. I., & Bonsel, G. J. (2021) · SSM - Population Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100913 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Plouffe, R. A., Nazarov, A., Forchuk, C. A., Gargala, D., Deda, E., Le, T., Bourret-Gheysen, J., Jackson, B., Soares, V., Hosseiny, F., et al. (2021) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2021.1984667 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Zhu, S., Zhuang, Y., & Ip, P. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18094780 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“Many studies have highlighted the negative impact on physical and mental health [2–5], such as more screen time and sedentary behavior [6,7], more emotional distress, feeling anxiety, fear, frustrations, and loneliness [8].”
BackgroundSpain, D., Mason, D., Simone, J., Stoppelbein, L., White, S. W., & Happe, F. G. E. (2021) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2021.101747 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Ismail, L. C., Mohamad, M. N., Bataineh, M., Ajab, A., Al-Marzouqi, A., Jarrar, A. H., Jamous, D. O. A., Ali, H. I., Sabbah, H. A., Hasan, H., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.633230 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“Literature shows that multiple stressors including movement restriction, separation from family and friends, uncertain future, fear of infection, distress, loneliness, boredom, and financial loss are all factors that may exacerbate negative psychological impact and play a role in aggravating poor mental health (12, 13…”
BackgroundFalcinelli, M., Thaker, P. H., Lutgendorf, S. K., Conzen, S. D., Flaherty, R. L., & Flint, M. S. (2021) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0684 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“Increased levels of stress and anxiety have been reported globally due to social isolation, lockdowns, and job losses (1, 2).”
BackgroundBonsaksen, T., Heir, T., Schou-Bredal, I., Ekeberg, Ø., Skogstad, L., & Grimholt, T. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17249210 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“concerns about the public mental health [5-9].”
Understanding the cross-talk between mediators of infertility and COVID-19
Rajak, P., Roy, S., Dutta, M., Podder, S., Sarkar, S., Ganguly, A., Mandi, M., & Khatun, S. (2021) · Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.repbio.2021.100559 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“The unprecedented situation caused by the COVID-19 outbreak has fueled depression, anxiety, hysteria, mood swings, irritability, insomnia, anger, and emotional exhaustion [119,120].”
The Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Front Line Nurses: A Synthesis of Qualitative Evidence
González, S. H., Selva-Medrano, D., López‐Espuela, F., Caro‐Alonso, P. A., Novo, A., & Rodríguez‐Martin, B. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182412975 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“It is known that the COVID-19 pandemic increases the level of anxiety and fear, stress, depression, frustration, and uncertainty among the general population [41,42].”
BackgroundBinDhim, N. F., Althumiri, N. A., Basyouni, M. H., Alageel, A. A. S., Alghnam, S. A., Alqunaibet, A., Almubark, R. A., AlDhukair, S., & Ad-Dab’bagh, Y. (2021) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2021.1875642 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“Psychological distress may have been caused by the restriction of individual movement and social interaction, economic impacts and job loss, fear of getting COVID-19 oneself and/or giving it to loved ones, infection or death of a close individual or loved one due to COVID-19, media and news circulation of stressful in…”
BackgroundTip of the iceberg: erectile dysfunction and COVID-19
Kaynar, M., Quinta-Gomes, A. L., Sokolakis, I., & Gül, M. (2022) · International Journal of Impotence Research · doi:10.1038/s41443-022-00540-0 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“However, the dramatic effects of social isolation and distancing measures have been extensively recognized in several areas of individuals’ health and well-being [51, 52].”
BackgroundOswald, T. K., Rumbold, A. R., Kedzior, S. G. E., Kohler, M. J., & Moore, V. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18115630 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Long-term impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on travel behaviour
Aaditya, B., & Rahul, T. M. (2022) · Travel Behaviour and Society · doi:10.1016/j.tbs.2022.10.005 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Food Security during the Pandemic and the Importance of the Bioeconomy in the New Era
Fărcaș, A. C., Galanakis, C. M., Socaciu, C., Pop, O. L., Ţibulcă, D., Păucean, A., JIMBOREAN, M. A., Fogarasi, M., Salanță, L. C., Tofană, M., et al. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13010150 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
“) and restricted access to some commodities during the quarantine period [53].”
BackgroundProcaccia, R., Segre, G., Tamanza, G., & Manzoni, G. M. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.624176 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Mental Health during the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic—Polish Studies
Chodkiewicz, J., Miniszewska, J., Krajewska, E., & Biliński, P. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18073423 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Social and moral psychology of COVID-19 across 69 countries
Azevedo, F., Pavlovic, T. M., do Rêgo, G. G., Ay, F. C., Gjoneska, B., Etienne, T. W., Ross, R. M., Schönegger, P., Riaño-Moreno, J. C., Cichocka, A. K., et al. (2023) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02080-8 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Caycho‐Rodríguez, T., Valencia, P. D., Vilca, L. W., Cervigni, M., Gallegos, M., Martino, P., Barés, I., Calandra, M., Anacona, C. A. R., López-Calle, C., et al. (2021) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2021.1879318 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Role of the social worker in the outbreak of pandemics (A case of COVID-19)
Okafor, A. E. (2021) · Cogent Psychology · doi:10.1080/23311908.2021.1939537 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“…to be clearly recognized as a public health priority for both social workers, authorities and policy makers and clear behavioral strategies to reduce the burden of disease and the dramatic mental health consequences of this outbreak is to be rapidly adopted and implemented (Serafini et al., 2020).”
BackgroundSocial Media, Social Support, and Mental Health of Young Adults During COVID-19
Longest, K., & Kang, J.-A. (2022) · Frontiers in Communication · doi:10.3389/fcomm.2022.828135 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“Meanwhile, several studies pay attention to the relationship between home confinement and higher rates of depression in young adults (Qi et al., 2020; Serafini et al., 2020), meaning that forced isolation relates to their mental wellbeing.”
BackgroundMoya, A., Serneels, P. M., Desrosiers, A., Reyes, V., Torres, M. J., & Lieberman, A. F. (2020) · The Lancet Global Health · doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(21)00217-5 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
The pathogenesis of COVID-19-induced IgA nephropathy and IgA vasculitis: A systematic review
Farooq, H., Rehman, M. A. U., Asmar, A., Asif, S., Mushtaq, A., & Qureshi, M. A. (2021) · Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.08.012 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Martin, F., Bachert, K. E., Snow, L., Tu, H.-W., Belahbib, J., & Lyn, S. A. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0260676 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
The 2019 global pandemic and plastic pollution prevention measures: Playing catch-up
da Costa, J. P. (2021) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145806 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“, 2020), to governance (Janssen and van der Voort, 2020) mental health (Serafini et al., 2020) and even territorial integrity and cohesion (OECD, 2020).”
Barcın-Güzeldere, H. K., & Devrim-Lanpir, A. (2021) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980021002974 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Nikolaidis, A., DeRosa, J., Kass, M., Droney, I., Alexander, L. M., Martino, A. D., Bromet, E. J., Merikangas, K. R., Milham, M. P., & Paksarian, D. (2022) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.12.058 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“…work also highlighted the importance of the widespread changes in daily life and accompanying stressors induced by the pandemic for mental health (Breslau et al., 2021; Fancourt et al., 2021; Kelly, 2020; Nikolaidis et al., 2020; Pan et al., 2021; Robinson and Daly, 2020; Serafini et al., 2020).”
Suicide and COVID-19: a rapid scoping review
Barlattani, T., D’Amelio, C., Capelli, F., Mantenuto, S., Rossi, R., Socci, V., Stratta, P., Stefano, R. D., Rossi, A., & Pacitti, F. (2023) · Annals of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12991-023-00441-6 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Tortella, G., Seabra, A. B., Padrão, J., & Juan, R. D.-S. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11050552 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Black women and COVID-19: The need for targeted mental health research and practice
Walton, Q. L., Campbell, R. D., & Blakey, J. M. (2021) · Qualitative Social Work · doi:10.1177/1473325020973349 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“There are high levels of stress, anxiety, depression, generalized fear, pervasive feelings of hopelessness and desperation, and suicidal behavior associated with mass quarantine, isolation, and ongoing uncertainty regarding the future (Serafini et al., 2020; Xiang et al., 2020).”
BackgroundEfstathiou, V., Stefanou, M., Siafakas, N., Makris, M. P., Tsivgoulis, G. K., Zoumpourlis, V., Spandidos, D. A., Smyrnis, N., & Rizos, E. (2021) · Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine · doi:10.3892/etm.2021.11030 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“Thus, there is a growing concern currently regarding the mental health sequelae of the COVID‐19 pandemic (23,27,28).”
BackgroundVarma, P., Burge, M. T., Meaklim, H., Junge, M. F., & Jackson, M. L. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18116030 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Dietary Habits and Lifestyle During Coronavirus Pandemic Lockdown: Experience From Lebanon
Ismail, L. C., Hashim, M. S., Mohamad, M. N., Hassan, H. F., Ajab, A., Stojanovska, L., Jarrar, A. H., Hasan, H. A., Jamous, D. O. A., Saleh, S. T., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.730425 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Matos, M., McEwan, K., Kanovský, M., Halamová, J., Steindl, S., Ferreira, N., Linharelhos, M., Rijo, D., Asano, K., Gregório, S., et al. (2021) · Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2601 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“Although government regulations are necessary to address the main challenges posed by the current pandemic, there is a lack of consideration towards the impact such measures have on mental health and psychosocial well-being (Serafini et al., 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialGroup VR experiences can produce ego attenuation and connectedness comparable to psychedelics
Glowacki, D. R., Williams, R. R., Wonnacott, M., Maynard, O., Freire, R., Pike, J. E., & Chatziapostolou, M. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-12637-z · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Sethi, S., Kumar, A., Mandal, A., Shaikh, M. A. K., Hall, C. A., Kirk, J. M. W., Moss, P. A. H., Brookes, M., & Basu, S. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-048856 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
KASAPOĞLU, F. (2022) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-021-01472-7 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“, 2020), additionally, it has causing feelings of hopelessness (Hacimusalar et al., 2020; Serafini et al., 2020; Lee, 2020; Trnka & Lorencoca, 2020).”
Background
- Authors
- Serafini, G., Parmigiani, B., Amerio, A., Aguglia, A., Sher, L., & Amore, M.
- Affiliations
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (IT)
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Serafini, G
- Venue
- QJM: An International Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2020-06-30
- Volume
- 113
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 531-537
- ISSN
- 0033-5622 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2725
- 1460-2393
- PMC
- PMC7337855
- OpenAlex
- W3036526826
- Cited by
- 1,187
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 61 · 2024: 117 · 2023: 208 · 2022: 312 · 2021: 390 · 2020: 77
- FWCI
- 98.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- QJM (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- DINOGMI Department of Excellence of MIUR (2018-2022, 232/2016)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, mental health, psychological distress, anxiety, depression, stress, uncertainty, quarantine, risk factors, protective factors, mental illness, general population
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