The balance between feeling and knowing: affective and cognitive empathy are reflected in the brain’s intrinsic functional dynamics.
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Affective empathy (AE) is distinguished clinically and neurally from cognitive empathy (CE). While AE is selectively disrupted in psychopathy, autism is associated with deficits in CE. Despite such dissociations, AE and CE together contribute to normal human empathic experience. A dimensional measure of individual differences in AE 'relative to' CE captures this interaction and may reveal brain-behavior relationships beyond those detectable with AE and CE separately. Using resting-state fMRI and measures of empathy in healthy adults, we show that relative empathic ability (REA) is reflected in the brain's intrinsic functional dynamics. Dominance of AE was associated with stronger functional connectivity among social-emotional regions (ventral anterior insula, orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala, perigenual anterior cingulate). Dominance of CE was related to stronger connectivity among areas implicated in interoception, autonomic monitoring and social-cognitive processing (brainstem, superior temporal sulcus, ventral anterior insula). These patterns were distinct from those observed with AE and CE separately. Finally, REA and the strength of several functional connections were associated with symptoms of psychopathology. These findings suggest that REA provides a dimensional index of empathic function and pathological tendencies in healthy adults, which are reflected in the intrinsic functional dynamics of neural systems associated with social and emotional cognition.
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The amygdala contributes to the emotional component of empathy.
“the amygdala contributing to the emotional component of empathy (Cox et al., 2012; Leigh et al., 2013).”
From Oxytocin Enhancement of Emotional Empathy: Generalization Across Cultures and Effects on Amygdala Activity (2018) · cites this paper as Cox et al., 2012
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- Authors
- Cox, C. L., Uddin, L. Q., Di Martino, A., Castellanos, F. X., Milham, M. P., & Kelly, C.
- Affiliations
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (US)
- Phyllis Green and Randolph Cowen Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience at the New York University Child Study Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA, 2Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA, and 3Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
- Venue
- Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2011-09-05
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 727-737
- ISSN
- 1749-5016 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-5024
- PMC
- PMC3427869
- OpenAlex
- W2164055896
- Cited by
- 333
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 7.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Stavros Niarchos Foundation
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH087770, K01MH092288, R01MH083246, R01MH081218)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (T32DA007254, R01DA016979, R03DA024775)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- affective empathy, cognitive empathy, intrinsic functional connectivity, resting-state brain dynamics, social-emotional processing, interoception, social cognition, psychopathology, ventral anterior insula, amygdala, superior temporal sulcus
- MeSH terms
- Prohibitins, Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cognition, Dominance, Cerebral, Emotions, Empathy, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neural Pathways, Oxygen, Young Adult
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