Shared and distinct intrinsic functional network centrality in autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Open accessAbstract
Background Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) often exhibit symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Across both disorders, observations of distributed functional abnormalities suggest aberrant large-scale brain network connectivity. Yet, common and distinct network correlates of ASD and ADHD remain unidentified. Here, we aimed to examine patterns of dysconnection in school-age children with ASD and ADHD and typically developing children who completed a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan.Methods We measured voxelwise network centrality, functional connectivity metrics indexing local (degree centrality [DC]) and global (eigenvector centrality) functional relationships across the entire brain connectome, in resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 56 children with ASD, 45 children with ADHD, and 50 typically developing children. A one-way analysis of covariance, with group as fixed factor (whole-brain corrected), was followed by post hoc pairwise comparisons.Results Cortical and subcortical areas exhibited centrality abnormalities, some common to both ADHD and ASD, such as in precuneus. Others were disorder-specific and included ADHD-related increases in DC in right striatum/pallidum, in contrast with ASD-related increases in bilateral temporolimbic areas. Secondary analyses differentiating children with ASD into those with or without ADHD-like comorbidity (ASD(+) and ASD(-), respectively) revealed that the ASD(+) group shared ADHD-specific abnormalities in basal ganglia. By contrast, centrality increases in temporolimbic areas characterized children with ASD regardless of ADHD-like comorbidity. At the cluster level, eigenvector centrality group patterns were similar to DC.Conclusions ADHD and ASD are neurodevelopmental disorders with distinct and overlapping clinical presentations. This work provides evidence for both shared and distinct underlying mechanisms at the large-scale network level.
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The double-diagnosis group shows abnormalities in the basal ganglia, present in ADHD alone but not in ASD alone.
“For instance, the double-diagnosis group shows abnormalities in the basal ganglia, present in ADHD alone but not in ASD alone [71].”
From Comparing Executive Functions in Children and Adolescents with Autism and ADHD—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [71]
One neuroimaging study found shared and distinct patterns of intrinsic functional connectivity centrality in children with ASD and ADHD.
“One found evidence for shared and distinct patterns of intrinsic functional connectivity centrality in children with these disorders79.”
From Cognitive and behavioural flexibility: Neural mechanisms and clinical considerations (2021) · cites this paper as [79]
Children with ASD and comorbid ADHD exhibit functional brain network abnormalities that resemble alterations in children with ASD (without ADHD) and ADHD (without ASD) plus unique abnormalities specific to comorbidity between ASD and ADHD.
“These studies demonstrated that children with ASD and comorbid ADHD exhibit functional brain network abnormalities that resemble alterations in children with ASD (without ADHD) and ADHD (without ASD) plus unique abnormalities specific to comorbidity between ASD and ADHD (Di Martino et al., 2013; Chantiluke et al., 2014).”
From Investigating functional brain network integrity using a traditional and novel categorical scheme for neurodevelopmental disorders (2019) · cites this paper as Di Martino et al., 2013
Few neuroimaging studies have directly compared functional network connectivity of children with ASD and ADHD, resulting in inconclusive findings of both common and distinct network alterations across case-control studies.
“Few neuroimaging studies have directly compared functional network connectivity of children with ASD and ADHD, resulting in inconclusive findings of both common and distinct network alterations across case-control studies (Di Martino et al., 2013; Christakou et al., 2013).”
From Investigating functional brain network integrity using a traditional and novel categorical scheme for neurodevelopmental disorders (2019) · cites this paper as Di Martino et al., 2013
ASD and ADHD exhibit shared deficits in executive function and associated functional brain alterations.
“These disorders exhibit shared deficits in executive function (Leno et al., 2017) and associated functional brain alterations (Di Martino et al., 2013; Chantiluke et al., 2014)”
From Investigating functional brain network integrity using a traditional and novel categorical scheme for neurodevelopmental disorders (2019) · cites this paper as Di Martino et al., 2013
Only two prior functional neuroimaging studies considered the impact of comorbidity on diagnostic group differences by examining an ASD with comorbid ADHD group distinct from non-comorbid ASD and ADHD groups.
“Further, only two prior functional neuroimaging studies considered the impact of comorbidity on diagnostic group differences by examining an ASD with comorbid ADHD group distinct from non-comorbid ASD and ADHD groups (Di Martino et al., 2013; Chantiluke et al., 2014).”
From Investigating functional brain network integrity using a traditional and novel categorical scheme for neurodevelopmental disorders (2019) · cites this paper as Di Martino et al., 2013
Shared alterations in structural and functional neural underpinnings of executive function across ASD and ADHD have been reported.
“Shared alterations in structural (Dougherty et al., 2016) and functional (Di Martino et al., 2013) neural underpinnings of executive function across ASD and ADHD have likewise been reported.”
From Investigating functional brain network integrity using a traditional and novel categorical scheme for neurodevelopmental disorders (2019) · cites this paper as Di Martino et al., 2013
Two recent fMRI investigations compared neural responses between children with ADHD and ASD using a sustained attention task and a resting-state paradigm, but without reward contingencies.
“However, closely related to this question, two recent fMRI investigations compared neural responses between children with ADHD and ASD using a sustained attention task (Christakou et al., 2013) and a resting-state paradigm (Di Martino et al., 2013), but without reward contingencies.”
From Differentiating neural reward responsiveness in autism versus ADHD (2014) · cites this paper as Di Martino et al., 2013
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Resting-State Functional Connectivity Indexes Reading Competence in Children and Adults
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Overflow Movements Predict Impaired Response Inhibition in Children with ADHD
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Dimensional Brain-Behavior Relationships in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
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“Di Martino et al. (2013) used voxel wise network centrality, functional connectivity metrics indexing local [degree centrality (DC)] and global (eigenvector centrality) functional relationships across the entire brain connectome, in resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 56…”
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“Furthermore, detailed phenotyping of ASD-like traits in these children could provide insight into studies exploring the neurobiological [33, 34] and genetic [32] underpinnings of these disorders, both when they occur alone and together.”
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“ASD) share ADHD-like abnormalities in the basal ganglia not present in ASD alone (Di Martino et al. 2013), and also share symptoms of inattention as observed in ADHD (Bink et al. 2015).”
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- Authors
- Di Martino, A., Zuo, X.-N., Kelly, C., Grzadzinski, R., Mennes, M., Schvarcz, A., Rodman, J., Lord, C., Castellanos, F. X., & Milham, M. P.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- NYU Langone Health (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Weill Cornell Medical Center (US)
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (US)
- Child Mind Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Milham, Michael P.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-10
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 623-632
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4508007
- OpenAlex
- W2085081755
- Cited by
- 345
- References
- 104
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 15
- FWCI
- 17.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Institutional Repository of Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- ADM and National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH087770, R01MH081218)
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD065282)
- Natural Science Foundation of China (81171409, 81220108014)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSZD-EW-TZ-002, Y0CX492S03, Y2CX112006)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, resting-state functional connectivity, brain connectome, degree centrality, eigenvector centrality, basal ganglia, precuneus
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Autistic Disorder, Brain, Child, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Connectome
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