The hippocampus and contextual retrieval of information from memory: A theory

Hirsh, Richard

doi:10.1016/s0091-6773(74)92231-7

Cited by 957Memory and Neural MechanismsMemory Processes and InfluencesNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research

The hippocampus and contextual retrieval of information from memory: A theory

Hirsh, Richard·1974·Behavioral Biology

DOI 10.1016/s0091-6773(74)92231-7

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0091-6773(74)92231-7

Cites

94 of 94 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The hippocampus helps encode episodic and emotional information that arises during motivationally relevant events.
“Likewise, the hippocampus, known for its contextual sensitivity (Fanselow, 2010; Hirsh, 1974, Rudy, 2009, Fanselow, 2010), helps encode episodic and emotional information that arises during motivationally relevant events.”
From Adolescent neurobiological susceptibility to social context (2016) · cites this paper as Hirsh, 1974

LOSS OF RECENT MEMORY AFTER BILATERAL HIPPOCAMPAL LESIONS
Scoville, W. B., & Milner, B. (1957) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.20.1.11 · Cited by 7,322 · see citing works
Perception and Communication
Lane, S. D. (2016) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315506173-8 · Cited by 4,707 · see citing works
Principles of Behavior
Skinner, B. F., & Hull, C. L. (1944) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1416955 · Cited by 4,061 · see citing works
The hippocampus and behavior.
Douglas, R. (1967) · Psychological bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0024599 · Cited by 1,092 · see citing works
Crouching as an index of fear.
Blanchard, R. J., & Blanchard, D. C. (1969) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0026779 · Cited by 1,077 · see citing works
Quantitative Variation of Incentive and Performance in the White Rat
Crespi, L. P. (1942) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1417120 · Cited by 894 · see citing works
Memory Deficit Produced by Bilateral Lesions in the Hippocampal Zone
Penfield, W. G. (1958) · Archives of Neurology And Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archneurpsyc.1958.02340050003001 · Cited by 891 · see citing works
GPS, A PROGRAM THAT SIMULATES HUMAN THOUGHT
Newell, A., & Simon, H. A. (1988) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-1446-7.50040-6 · Cited by 819 · see citing works
Hippocampus and internal inhibition.
Kimble, D. P. (1968) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0026470 · Cited by 673 · see citing works
Perception and Communication
Risk, T. I. H., & Yagnik, H. (1958) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2013-0-08164-9 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
Limbic-diencephalic mechanisms of voluntary movement.
Vanderwolf, C. H. (1971) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0030672 · Cited by 491 · see citing works
The effects of bilateral hippocampal lesions in rats.
Kimble, D. P. (1963) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0048903 · Cited by 469 · see citing works
Acquisition and extinction of a classically conditioned response in hippocampectomized rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).
Schmaltz, L. W., & Theios, J. (1972) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0032531 · Cited by 460 · see citing works
The hippocampus and behavioral maturation
Altman, J., Brunner, R. L., & Bayer, S. A. (1973) · Behavioral Biology · doi:10.1016/s0091-6773(73)80144-0 · Cited by 460 · see citing works
Motivational properties of frustration: I. Effect on a running response of the addition of frustration to the motivational complex.
Amsel, A., & Roussel, J. (1952) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0059393 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Learning and limbic lesions
Douglas, R. J., & Pribram, K. H. (1966) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(66)90028-5 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Spatial and object reversal learning in monkeys with partial temporal lobe ablations
Mahut, H. (1971) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(71)90005-4 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Studies in spatial learning. II. Place learning versus response learning.
Tolman, E. C., Ritchie, B. F., & Kalish, D. (1946) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0060262 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
"Hypotheses" in rats.
Krechevsky, I. (1932) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0073500 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Sodium amobarbital, the hippocampal theta rhythm, and the partial reinforcement extinction effect.
Gray, J. A. (1970) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0029804 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Response latency as a function of the amount of reinforcement.
Zeaman, D. (1949) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0060477 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
The effect of radical hippocampal ablation on acquisition of avoidance response.
Isaacson, R. L., Douglas, R. J., & Moore, R. Y. (1961) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0047286 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Loss of recognition memory in rats with lesions of the fornix
Gaffan, D. (1972) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(72)90025-5 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Effects of dorsal and ventral hippocampal lesions on spontaneous alternation, learned alternation and probability learning in rats
Stevens, R., & Cowey, A. (1973) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(73)90659-8 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Hippocampal lesions and active avoidance
Olton, D. S., & Isaacson, R. L. (1968) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(68)90142-x · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Cue-dependent behavior of hippocampally damaged rats in a complex maze.
Winocur, G., & Breckenridge, C. B. (1973) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0034119 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Activity changes following partial hippocampal lesions in rats.
Teitelbaum, H., & Milner, P. (1963) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0047052 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
The effects of preliminary training conditions upon DRL performance in the hippocampectomized rat
Schmaltz, L. W., & Isaacson, R. L. (1966) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(66)90065-5 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
THE NEUROPSYCHOLOGY OF LASHLEY
Walsh, E. G. (1961) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology and Cognate Medical Sciences · doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1961.sp001508 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Caudate, cortical, hippocampal and dorsal thalamic lesions in rats: Alternation and Hebb-Williams maze performance
Gross, C. G., Chorover, S. L., & Cohen, S. M. (1965) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(65)90018-7 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Transfer between related and unrelated problems following hippocampal lesions in rats.
Winocur, G., & Mills, J. L. (1970) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0030006 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Behavior of hippocampal lesioned rats in home cage and novel situations
Jarrard, L. E. (1968) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(68)90033-4 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Response and stimulus perseveration in rats with septal and dorsal hippocampal lesions.
Dalland, T. (1970) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0028956 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
The influence of simultaneous hunger and thirst drives upon the learning of two opposed spatial responses of the white rat.
Kendler, H. H. (1946) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0053813 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
The effects of hippocampectomy on alternation behavior and response to novelty
Means, L. W., Leander, J. D., & Isaacson, R. L. (1971) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(71)90006-0 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
A comparison of effects of orbitofrontal and hippocampal lesions upon discrimination learning and reversal in the cat
Teitelbaum, H. (1964) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/0014-4886(64)90053-6 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Brightness discrimination and reversal in hippocampally-lesioned rats
Silveira, J. M., & Kimble, D. P. (1968) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(68)90124-8 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Comparative effects of septo-hippocampal and caudate lesions on avoidance behavior in rats.
Green, R. H., Beatty, W. W., & Schwartzbaum, J. S. (1967) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0025195 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Paradoxical facilitation of object reversal learning after transection of the fornix in monkeys
Zola, S. M., & Mahut, H. (1973) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(73)90038-9 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Hippocampal lesions in rats and their effect on activity, avoidance, and aggression.
Blanchard, R. J., Blanchard, D. C., & Fial, R. A. (1970) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0028958 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Effects of hippocampal lesions on the rat's reaction to a cat.
Blanchard, R. J., & Blanchard, D. C. (1972) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0032176 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Effects of limbic lesions on passive avoidance and reactivity to shock.
Blanchard, R. J., & Fial, R. A. (1968) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0026512 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Hippocampectomy and Behavior Sequences
Kimble, D. P., & Pribram, K. H. (1963) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.139.3557.824 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Facilitated single-alternation go, no-go acquisition following hippocampectomy in the rat.
Means, L. W., Walker, D. W., & Isaacson, R. L. (1970) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0029459 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Effect of the Introduction of an Irrelevant Stimulus on Runway Performance of the Hippocampectomized Rat
Wickelgren, W. O., & Isaacson, R. L. (1963) · Nature · doi:10.1038/200048a0 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Plasma corticosterone increases produced by extinction of operant behavior in rats
Coover, G. D., Goldman, L., & Levine, S. (1971) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(71)90037-0 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Learning deficits following hippocampal lesions in split-brain cats
Webster, D. B., & Voneida, T. J. (1964) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/0014-4886(64)90094-9 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Differential effects of hippocampal lesions upon sequential tasks and maze learning by the rat.
Jackson, W. J., & Strong, P. N. (1969) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0027502 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Learning of food and water positions by hippocampus damaged rats
Hsiao, S., & Isaacson, R. L. (1971) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(71)90020-5 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
The effect of hippocampal lesions on extinction and “hypothesis” behavior in rats
Kimble, D. P., & Kimble, R. J. (1970) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(70)90271-4 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Hippocampal lesions and the orienting response.
Hendrickson, C. W., Kimble, R. J., & Kimble, D. P. (1969) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0026757 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Response patterning and extinction in rats with hippocampal lesions.
Franchina, J. J., & Brown, T. S. (1970) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0028389 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Effect of hippocampal lesions and intertrial interval on single-alternation performance in the rat.
Walker, D. W., Messer, L. G., Freund, G., & Means, L. W. (1972) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0032983 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Lesions of the limbic system: Their effects upon hypotheses and frustration
Isaacson, R. L., & Kimble, D. P. (1972) · Behavioral Biology · doi:10.1016/s0091-6773(72)80170-6 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Hippocampal lesions in the rat: Effects on spatial and visual habits
Samuels, I. (1972) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(72)90203-x · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Some effects of hippocampal lesions on the behavior of mongolian gerbils
Glickman, S. E., Higgins, T. J. V., & Isaacson, R. L. (1970) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(70)90185-x · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Reward magnitude shift effects in rats with hippocampal lesions.
Franchina, J. J., & Brown, T. S. (1971) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0031375 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
The hippocampus and response perseveration in the cat
Brown, T. S., Kaufmann, P. G., & Marco, L. A. (1969) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(69)90057-2 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Response perseveration interpretation of passive avoidance deficits in hippocampectomized rats.
Kimble, D. P., Kirkby, R. J., & Stein, D. G. (1966) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0022858 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Enhanced alternation learning in hippocampectomized rats by means of added light cues
Stevens, R., & Cowey, A. (1972) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(72)90002-9 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Distraction and habituation in monkeys with limbic lesions.
Douglas, R. J., & Pribram, K. H. (1969) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0028163 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Learning without response under two conditions of external cues.
McNamara, H. J., Long, J. B., & Wike, E. L. (1956) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0046017 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Effects of hippocampal lesions on simple and preferential consummatory behavior in the rat.
Murphy, H., & Brown, T. S. (1970) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0029731 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Free-operant and T-maze avoidance performance by septal and hippocampal-damaged rats
Duncan, P. M., & Duncan, N. C. (1971) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(71)90132-6 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Plasma corticosterone levels during extinction of a lever-press response in hippocampectomized rats
Coover, G. D., Goldman, L., & Levine, S. (1971) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(71)90140-5 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Approach and inhibitory reactions in rats after bilateral hippocampal damage.
Kaplan, J. A. (1968) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0025531 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
THE EFFECTS OF HIPPOCAMPAL ABLATION ON THE BEHAVIOR IN THE RAT
Niki, H. (1962) · Japanese Psychological Research · doi:10.4992/psycholres1954.4.139 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Discrimination learning in animals with lesions of hippocampus
Woodruff, M. L., & Isaacson, R. L. (1972) · Behavioral Biology · doi:10.1016/s0091-6773(72)80211-6 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Discrimination reversal performance after hippocampal lesions: An enduring failure of reinforcement and non-reinforcement to direct behavior
Olton, D. S. (1972) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(72)90158-8 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Absence of latent learning in rats with hippocampal lesions
Kimble, D. P., & Greene, E. G. (1968) · Psychonomic Science · doi:10.3758/bf03328154 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Differential effects of hippocampal lesions on maze and passive avoidance learning in rats
Kveim, O., Setekleiv, J., & Kaada, B. R. (1964) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/0014-4886(64)90043-3 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
THE EFFECTS OF HIPPOCAMPAL ABLATION ON THE INHIBITORY CONTROL OF OPERANT BEHAVIOR IN THE RAT
Niki, H. (1965) · Japanese Psychological Research · doi:10.4992/psycholres1954.7.126 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Effects of hippocampal lesions on heart rate in aversive classical conditioning
Caul, W. F., Jarrard, L. E., Miller, R. E., et al. (1969) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(69)90041-9 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Behavioral and neuroanatomical differentiation of response-suppression and response-shift mechanisms in the rat.
Olton, D. S. (1972) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0032372 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Auditory startle response of hippocampectomized rats
Coover, G. D., & Levine, S. (1972) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(72)90268-5 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Hippocampal lesions and the frustration effect in rats.
Swanson, A. M., & Isaacson, R. L. (1969) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0027646 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Acquisition of two-way shuttle-box avoidance after selective hippocampal lesions
Rabe, A., & Haddad, R. (1969) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(69)90183-8 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Hippocampal lesions and shuttlebox avoidance behavior: a fear hypothesis.
Antelman, S. M., & Brown, T. (1972) · Physiology and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(72)90257-0 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Hippocampal lesions and inhibition of avoidance behavior.
Lovely, R. H., Grossen, N. E., Moot, S. A., et al. (1971) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0031651 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Avoidance and freezing behavior following damage to the hippocampus or fornix.
Liss, P. H. (1968) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0025959 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Hand schema in children
McKinney, J. P. (1964) · Psychonomic Science · doi:10.3758/bf03342810 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Effect of the introduction of blind alleys on maze performance of rats with hippocampal lesions.
Leaton, R. N. (1969) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0026650 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Fear response and aggressive behavior of hippocampectomized house rats
Kim, C., Kim, C. C., Kim, J. K., et al. (1971) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(71)90031-x · Cited by 26 · see citing works
The effects of differential hippocampal lesions on a shock versus shock conflict
Coscina, D. V., & Lash, L. (1969) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(69)90084-5 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Effects of lesions of the hippocampus and septum on hoarding behaviour
Wishart, T. B., Brohman, L., & Mogenson, G. J. (1969) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/s0003-3472(69)80026-6 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Effect of cortical and hippocampal lesions on hoarding behavior in the albino rat
Wallace, R. J., & Tigner, J. C. (1972) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(72)90307-1 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Avoidance and discrimination learning following hippocampal ablation in the cat.
Andy, O. J., Peeler, D., & Foshee, D. P. (1967) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0025193 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Information storage and neural control
Barlow, J. S. (1964) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(64)90081-1 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Effects of Hippocampal Ablation on Learning in the Rat
Niki, H. (1967) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)63107-6 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Single-alternation performance in rats with hippocampal lesions: Disruption by an irrelevant task interposed during the intertrial interval
Walker, D. W., & Means, L. W. (1973) · Behavioral Biology · doi:10.1016/s0091-6773(73)80172-5 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Effect of a physical barrier on response perseveration in hippocampal lesioned rats
Cohen, J. S., & Laroche, J. P. (1973) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(73)90210-2 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Shift and retention deficits in hippocampectomized and neodecorticate rats
Riddell, W. I., Malinchoc, M., & Reimers, R. O. (1973) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(73)90056-5 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Hippocampal Lesions and the Partial Reinforcement Effect
Bloom, J. M., & McFarlain, R. A. (1971) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1971.29.3.831 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Absorption Spectra and Chemical Bonding in Complexes. C. K. Jorgensen. Pergamon, London; Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass., 1962. xii + 352 pp. Illus. $10
Anex, B. G. (1963) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.139.3553.401 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Memory and the hippocampus: A synthesis from findings with rats, monkeys, and humans.
Squire, L. R. (1992) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.99.2.195 · Cited by 5,376 · see citing works
Précis of <i>The neuropsychology of anxiety: An enquiry into the functions of the septo-hippocampal system</i>
Gray, J. A. (1982) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00013066 · Cited by 4,477 · see citing works
The Medial Temporal Lobe Memory System
Squire, L. R., & Zola-Morgan, S. (1991) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1896849 · Cited by 3,282 · see citing works
Differential contribution of amygdala and hippocampus to cued and contextual fear conditioning.
Phillips, R. G., & LeDoux, J. E. (1992) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.106.2.274 · Cited by 3,292 · see citing works
Priming and Human Memory Systems
Tulving, E., & Schacter, D. L. (1990) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2296719 · Cited by 2,595 · see citing works
Memory systems of the brain: A brief history and current perspective
Squire, L. R. (2004) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2004.06.005 · Cited by 2,269 · see citing works
The organization of recent and remote memories
Frankland, P. W., & Bontempi, B. (2005) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1607 · Cited by 2,138 · see citing works
How many memory systems are there?
Tulving, E. (1985) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.40.4.385 · Cited by 1,909 · see citing works
Visual objects in context
Bar, M. (2004) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1476 · Cited by 1,613 · see citing works
On the role of the hippocampus in learning and memory in the rat.
Jarrard, L. E. (1993) · Behavioral and Neural Biology · doi:10.1016/0163-1047(93)90664-4 · Cited by 1,125 · see citing works
The Basal Ganglia and Chunking of Action Repertoires
Graybiel, A. M. (1998) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1006/nlme.1998.3843 · Cited by 1,042 · see citing works
The acute effects of corticosteroids on cognition: integration of animal and human model studies
LUPIEN, S., & MCEWEN, B. (1997) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(97)00004-0 · Cited by 1,024 · see citing works
Representation of Action-Specific Reward Values in the Striatum
Samejima, K., Ueda, Y., Doya, K., & Kimura, M. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1115270 · Cited by 939 · see citing works
Retrieval and reconsolidation: Toward a neurobiology of remembering
Sara, S. J. (2000) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.7.2.73 · Cited by 919 · see citing works
The hippocampus—what does it do?
Eichenbaum, H., Otto, T., & Cohen, N. J. (1992) · Behavioral and Neural Biology · doi:10.1016/0163-1047(92)90724-i · Cited by 867 · see citing works
Building neural representations of habits.
Jog, M. S., Kubota, Y., Connolly, C. I., Hillegaart, V., & Graybiel, A. M. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.286.5445.1745 · Cited by 834 · see citing works
Contextual cueing of visual attention
Chun, M. M. (2000) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01476-5 · Cited by 732 · see citing works
Hippocampus and trace conditioning of the rabbit's classically conditioned nictitating membrane response.
Solomon, P. R., Vander Schaaf, E. R., Thompson, R. F., & Weisz, D. J. (1986) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.100.5.729 · Cited by 724 · see citing works
Hippocampal damage and exploratory preferences in rats: memory for objects, places, and contexts
Mumby, D. G., Gaskin, S., Glenn, M. J., Schramek, T. E., & Lehmann, H. (2002) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.41302 · Cited by 714 · see citing works
Contextual and temporal modulation of extinction: behavioral and biological mechanisms
Bouton, M. E., Westbrook, R. F., Corcoran, K. A., & Maren, S. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.12.015 · Cited by 671 · see citing works
<i>Spatial Cognition and the Brain</i>
Burgess, N. (2008) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1440.002 · Cited by 614 · see citing works
Basal cortisol levels and cognitive deficits in human aging
Lupien, S., Lecours, A., Lussier, I., Schwartz, G., Nair, N., & Meaney, M. (1994) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.14-05-02893.1994 · Cited by 566 · see citing works
Memory deficits for implicit contextual information in amnesic subjects with hippocampal damage
Chun, M. M., & Phelps, E. A. (1999) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/12222 · Cited by 554 · see citing works
Amygdala modulation of hippocampal-dependent and caudate nucleus-dependent memory processes
Packard, M. G., Cahill, L., & McGaugh, J. L. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.18.8477 · Cited by 544 · see citing works
Context-Dependent Human Extinction Memory Is Mediated by a Ventromedial Prefrontal and Hippocampal Network
Kalisch, R., Korenfeld, E., Stephan, K. E., Weiskopf, N., Seymour, B., & Dolan, R. J. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2021-06.2006 · Cited by 493 · see citing works
Relapse to cocaine-seeking after hippocampal theta burst stimulation
Vorel, S. R., Liu, X., Hayes, R. J., Spector, J. A., & Gardner, E. L. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1058043 · Cited by 486 · see citing works
Two visual systems and two theories of perception: An attempt to reconcile the constructivist and ecological approaches
Norman, J. (2002) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x0200002x · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Fear memory
Izquierdo, I., Furini, C. R. G., & Myskiw, J. C. (2016) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00018.2015 · Cited by 453 · see citing works
Memory modulation.
Roozendaal, B., & McGaugh, J. L. (2011) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/a0026187 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Context, learning, and extinction
Gershman, S. J., Blei, D. M., & Niv, Y. (2010) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/a0017808 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Gradual changes in hippocampal activity support remembering the order of events
Manns, J. R., Howard, M. W., & Eichenbaum, H. (2007) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.08.017 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Double dissociation of function within the hippocampus: A comparison of dorsal, ventral, and complete hippocampal cytotoxic lesions
Bannerman, D. M., Yee, B. K., Good, M. A., Heupel, M. J., Iversen, S. D., & Rawlins, J. N. P. (1999) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.113.6.1170 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
The Contribution of Neuropathologic Studies to the Understanding of Autism
Kemper, T. L., & Bauman, M. L. (1993) · Neurologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(18)30176-2 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Glucocorticoids interact with emotion-induced noradrenergic activation in influencing different memory functions
Roozendaal, B., Okuda, S., de Quervain, D. J.-F., & McGaugh, J. L. (2006) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.07.049 · Cited by 382 · see citing works
Cue-sampling and goal-approach correlates of hippocampal unit activity in rats performing an odor-discrimination task
Eichenbaum, H., Kuperstein, M., Fagan, A., & Nagode, J. (1987) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.07-03-00716.1987 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Reconciling reinforcement learning models with behavioral extinction and renewal: implications for addiction, relapse, and problem gambling
Redish, A. D., Jensen, S., Johnson, A., & Kurth-Nelson, Z. (2007) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.114.3.784 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Conscious and Unconscious Memory Systems
Squire, L. R., & Dede, A. J. O. (2015) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a021667 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
The basal ganglia and cognitive pattern generators
Graybiel, A. M. (1997) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/23.3.459 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Prefrontal-Hippocampal Interactions in Memory and Emotion
Jin, J., & Maren, S. (2015) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2015.00170 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
“The contextual information encoded during an experience supports the later retrieval of that information, a phenomenon supported by encoding specificity (Tulving and Thomson, 1973) and contextual retrieval (Hirsh, 1974).”
Background
Hippocampal involvement in contextual modulation of fear extinction
Ji, J., & Maren, S. (2007) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.20331 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Glucocorticoid Effects on Memory Retrieval Require Concurrent Noradrenergic Activity in the Hippocampus and Basolateral Amygdala
Roozendaal, B., Hahn, E. L., Nathan, S. V., de Quervain, D. J.-F., & McGaugh, J. L. (2004) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2574-04.2004 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Addictive drugs as reinforcers: multiple partial actions on memory systems
WHITE, N. M. (1996) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1996.tb03586.x · Cited by 439 · see citing works
Context representations, context functions, and the parahippocampal–hippocampal system
Rudy, J. W. (2009) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.1494409 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
The dopaminergic mesencephalic projections to the hippocampal formation in the rat
Gasbarri, A., Sulli, A., & Packard, M. G. (1997) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0278-5846(96)00157-1 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Effects of psilocybin on hippocampal neurogenesis and extinction of trace fear conditioning
Catlow, B. J., Song, S., Paredes, D. A., Kirstein, C. L., & Sanchez-Ramos, J. (2013) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-013-3579-0 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Consolidating memories
McGaugh, J. L. (2015) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-014954 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
The hippocampus and contextual memory retrieval in Pavlovian conditioning
Maren, S., & Holt, W. (2000) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(99)00188-6 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Adolescent neurobiological susceptibility to social context
Schriber, R. A., & Guyer, A. E. (2016) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2015.12.009 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
The Cognitive Architecture of Spatial Navigation: Hippocampal and Striatal Contributions
Chersi, F., & Burgess, N. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.09.021 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Is the avian hippocampus a functional homologue of the mammalian hippocampus?
Colombo, M., & Broadbent, N. (2000) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(00)00016-6 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Enhancement of extinction memory consolidation: the role of the noradrenergic and GABAergic systems within the basolateral amygdala
BERLAU, D., & MCGAUGH, J. (2006) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2005.12.008 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Neurofunctional mechanisms in autism
Waterhouse, L., Fein, D., & Modahl, C. (1996) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.103.3.457 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Mnemonic functions of the basal ganglia
White, N. M. (1997) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(97)80004-9 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Mechanisms for widespread hippocampal involvement in cognition.
Shohamy, D., & Turk-Browne, N. B. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/a0034461 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
A chronometric approach to the study of feeding behavior
Armstrong, S. (1980) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/0149-7634(80)90024-x · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Hippocampal remapping as hidden state inference
Sanders, H., Wilson, M. A., & Gershman, S. J. (2020) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.51140 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Context, emotion, and the strategic pursuit of goals: interactions among multiple brain systems controlling motivated behavior
Gruber, A. J., & McDonald, R. J. (2012) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2012.00050 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
A critical review of habit learning and the basal ganglia
Seger, C. A., & Spiering, B. J. (2011) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2011.00066 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
The learning of fear extinction
Furini, C., Myskiw, J., & Izquierdo, I. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.10.016 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Long-term expression of human contextual fear and extinction memories involves amygdala, hippocampus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex: a reinstatement study in two independent samples
Lonsdorf, T. B., Haaker, J., & Kalisch, R. (2014) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsu018 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
A limited role for the hippocampus in the modulation of novel-object preference by contextual cues
Piterkin, P., Cole, E., Cossette, M.-P., Gaskin, S., & Mumby, D. G. (2008) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.1035508 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Evolution of the Hippocampus
Manns, J. R., & Eichenbaum, H. (2007) · Evolution of Nervous Systems · doi:10.1016/b0-12-370878-8/00086-0 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
A temporal context repetition effect in rats during a novel object recognition memory task
Manns, J. R., Galloway, C. R., & Sederberg, P. B. (2015) · Animal Cognition · doi:10.1007/s10071-015-0871-3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Authors: Hirsh, R.
Affiliations: California Institute of Technology (US)
Corresponding author: Hirsh, Richard
Venue: Behavioral Biology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1974-12
Volume: 12
Issue: 4
Pages: 421-444
ISSN: 0091-6773 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6773(74)92231-7
OpenAlex: W2040296549
Cited by: 957
References: 94
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 21
FWCI: 3.63
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Behavioral Biology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Keywords: hippocampus, memory storage, hippocampal ablation, habit formation, memory theory
MeSH terms: Acoustic Stimulation, Animals, Haplorhini, Attention, Behavior, Animal, Cues, Decision Making, Discrimination Learning, Habits, Hippocampus, Humans, Information Theory, Logic, Memory, Motivation, Photic Stimulation, Problem Solving, Mental Recall, Rats

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The hippocampus and contextual retrieval of information from memory: A theory

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks