Investigating the functional anatomy of empathy and forgiveness

Farrow, Tom F. D.; Zheng, Ying; Wilkinson, Iain D.; Spence, Sean A.; Deakin, J. F. William; Tarrier, Nick; Griffiths, Paul D.; Woodruff, Peter W. R.

doi:10.1097/00001756-200108080-00029

Cited by 330Forgiveness and Related BehaviorsNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesAction Observation and Synchronization

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 23 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Investigating the functional anatomy of empathy and forgiveness

Farrow, Tom F. D., Zheng, Ying, Wilkinson, Iain D., Spence, Sean A., Deakin, J. F. William, Tarrier, Nick, Griffiths, Paul D., Woodruff, Peter W. R.·2001·Neuroreport

DOI 10.1097/00001756-200108080-00029

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Abstract

Previous functional brain imaging studies suggest that the ability to infer the intentions and mental states of others (social cognition) is mediated by medial prefrontal cortex. Little is known about the anatomy of empathy and forgiveness. We used functional MRI to detect brain regions engaged by judging others' emotional states and the forgivability of their crimes. Ten volunteers read and made judgements based on social scenarios and a high level baseline task (social reasoning). Both empathic and forgivability judgements activated left superior frontal gyrus, orbitofrontal gyrus and precuneus. Empathic judgements also activated left anterior middle temporal and left inferior frontal gyri, while forgivability judgements activated posterior cingulate gyrus. Empathic and forgivability judgements activate specific regions of the human brain, which we propose contribute to social cohesion.

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Gratitude and forgiveness require distinct attributions but share a common, fundamental component of empathy.
“Gratitude and forgiveness require distinct attributions (Fincham, Paleari, & Regalia, 2002; McCullough, Emmons, & Tsang, 2002) but share a common, fundamental component of empathy (Farrow et al., 2001; Lazarus, 1991; Macaskill, Maltby, & Day, 2002; McCullough, Kilpatrick, Emmons, & Larson, 2001).”
From Gratitude and forgiveness: convergence and divergence on self-report and informant ratings. (2010) · cites this paper as Farrow et al., 2001

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Authors: Farrow, T. F. D., Zheng, Y., Wilkinson, I. D., Spence, S. A., Deakin, J. F. W., Tarrier, N., Griffiths, P. D., & Woodruff, P. W. R.
Affiliations: Northern General Hospital (GB)
ORCID: Farrow, Tom F. D.
Wilkinson, Iain D.
Deakin, J. F. William
Woodruff, Peter W. R.
Venue: Neuroreport
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2001-08
Volume: 12
Issue: 11
Pages: 2433-2438
ISSN: 0959-4965 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/00001756-200108080-00029
OpenAlex: W1976949933
Cited by: 330
References: 23
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 18
FWCI: 19.22
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Neuroreport (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Forgiveness and Related Behaviors
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
Keywords: empathy, forgiveness, social cognition, mental state inference, medial prefrontal cortex, superior frontal gyrus, orbitofrontal cortex, precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex, social cohesion, moral judgment, brain regions
MeSH terms: Adult, Brain Mapping, Cognition, Empathy, Female, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Temporal Lobe

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Investigating the functional anatomy of empathy and forgiveness

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