Effects of sustained sleep restriction on mitogen-stimulated cytokines, chemokines and T helper 1/ T helper 2 balance in humans
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest that acute sleep deprivation disrupts cellular immune responses by shifting T helper (Th) cell activity towards a Th2 cytokine profile. Since little is known about more long-term effects, we investigated how five days of sleep restriction would affect pro-inflammatory, chemotactic, Th1- and Th2 cytokine secretion. METHODS: Nine healthy males participated in an experimental sleep protocol with two baseline sleep-wake cycles (sleep 23.00-07.00 h) followed by 5 days with restricted sleep (03.00-07.00 h). On the second baseline day and on the fifth day with restricted sleep, samples were drawn every third hour for determination of cytokines/chemokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) -1β, IL-2, IL-4 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)) after in vitro stimulation of whole blood samples with the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Also leukocyte numbers, mononuclear cells and cortisol were analysed. RESULTS: 5-days of sleep restriction affected PHA-induced immune responses in several ways. There was a general decrease of IL-2 production (p<.05). A shift in Th1/Th2 cytokine balance was also evident, as determined by a decrease in IL2/IL4 ratio. No other main effects of restricted sleep were shown. Two significant interactions showed that restricted sleep resulted in increased TNF-α and MCP-1 in the late evening and early night hours (p's<.05). In addition, all variables varied across the 24 h day. CONCLUSIONS: 5-days of sleep restriction is characterized by a shift towards Th2 activity (i.e. lower 1L-2/IL-4 ratio) which is similar to the effects of acute sleep deprivation and psychological stress. This may have implications for people suffering from conditions characterized by excessive Th2 activity like in allergic disease, such as asthma, for whom restricted sleep could have negative consequences.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Sleep restriction increases afternoon cortisol.
“When appraised collectively, these studies show that sleep restriction increases afternoon cortisol: Table 2.”
From Sleep, testosterone and cortisol balance, and ageing men (2022) · cites this paper as [84]
The Results (Cortisol) report a slight increase at 20:00 during restricted sleep, which the Discussion describes as an evening effect. The paper does not report an afternoon increase, and overall cortisol levels did not differ significantly between conditions. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn primary insomnia, the amount of SWS and REM sleep appears to be slightly, but significantly reduced.
“the amount of SWS and REM sleep appears to be slightly, but significantly reduced”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
PSG-derived sleep impairments in primary insomnia are generally of a much lesser magnitude than subjectively reported sleep impairments; total sleep time based on diary-based assessment is estimated to be 50 min less compared with PSG-based assessment.
“Such PSG-derived sleep impairments are generally of a much lesser magnitude than subjectively reported sleep impairments. For example, total sleep time based on diary-based assessment is estimated to be 50 min less compared with PSG-based assessment”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Atherosclerosis--an inflammatory disease
Ross, R. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199901143400207 · Cited by 21,725 · see citing works
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function
Spiegel, K., Leproult, R., & Van Cauter, E. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(99)01376-8 · Cited by 3,668 · see citing works
Psychological stress and the human immune system: a meta-analytic study of 30 Years of inquiry
Segerstrom, S. C., & Miller, G. E. (2004) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.4.601 · Cited by 3,334 · see citing works
Self-citationCappuccio, F. P., Cooper, D., D'Elia, L., Strazzullo, P., & Miller, M. A. (2011) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr007 · Cited by 2,146 · see citing works
The metabolic consequences of sleep deprivation
Knutson, K. L., Spiegel, K., Penev, P., & Van Cauter, E. (2007) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2007.01.002 · Cited by 1,365 · see citing works
Effect of sleep loss on C-reactive protein, an inflammatory marker of cardiovascular risk
Meier-Ewert, H. K., Ridker, P. M., Rifai, N., Regan, M. M., Price, N. J., Dinges, D. F., & Mullington, J. M. (2004) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2003.07.050 · Cited by 1,195 · see citing works
Adverse Effects of Modest Sleep Restriction on Sleepiness, Performance, and Inflammatory Cytokines
Vgontzas, A. N., Zoumakis, E., Bixler, E. O., Lin, H.-M., Follett, H., Kales, A., & Chrousos, G. P. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-031562 · Cited by 1,050 · see citing works
Spiegel, K., Leproult, R., L’Hermite-Balériaux, M., Copinschi, G., Penev, P. D., & Van Cauter, E. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1003 · Cited by 1,006 · see citing works
A circadian clock in macrophages controls inflammatory immune responses
Keller, M., Mazuch, J., Abraham, U., Eom, G. D., Herzog, E. D., Volk, H.-D., Kramer, A., & Maier, B. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0906361106 · Cited by 843 · see citing works
A sthma : Mechanisms of Disease Persistence and Progression
Cohn, L. E., Elias, J. A., & Chupp, G. L. (2004) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.22.012703.104716 · Cited by 809 · see citing works
Effect of Sleep Deprivation on Response to Immunizaton
Spiegel, K. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.12.1469 · Cited by 633 · see citing works
Sleep Duration and Biomarkers of Inflammation
Patel, S. R., Zhu, X., Storfer-Isser, A., Mehra, R., Jenny, N. S., Tracy, R., & Redline, S. (2009) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/32.2.200 · Cited by 615 · see citing works
Effects of sleep and circadian rhythm on human circulating immune cells
Born, J., Lange, T., Hansen, K., Mölle, M., & Fehm, H. L. (1997) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.158.9.4454 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
Sleep habits and susceptibility to the common cold
Cohen, S., Doyle, W. J., Alper, C. M., Janicki-Deverts, D., & Turner, R. B. (2009) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2008.505 · Cited by 605 · see citing works
Möller-Levet, C. S., Archer, S. N., Bucca, G., Laing, E. E., Slak, A., Kabiljo, R., Lo, J. C. Y., Santhi, N., von Schantz, M., Smith, C. P., et al. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1217154110 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
Sick and tired: does sleep have a vital role in the immune system?
Bryant, P. A., Trinder, J., & Curtis, N. (2004) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1369 · Cited by 551 · see citing works
Mullington, J. M., Simpson, N. S., Meier-Ewert, H. K., & Haack, M. (2010) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2010.08.014 · Cited by 519 · see citing works
van Leeuwen, W. M. A., Lehto, M., Karisola, P., Lindholm, H., Luukkonen, R., Sallinen, M., Härmä, M., Porkka-Heiskanen, T., & Alenius, H. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004589 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Partial night sleep deprivation reduces natural killer and celhdar immune responses in humans
Irwin, M., McClintick, J., Costlow, C., Fortner, M., White, J., & Gillin, J. C. (1996) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.10.5.8621064 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
Effect of Sleep Deprivation on Response to Immunizaton
Spiegel, K., Sheridan, J. F., & Cauter, E. V. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.12.1471-a · Cited by 423 · see citing works
The effects of 40 hours of total sleep deprivation on inflammatory markers in healthy young adults
Frey, D. J., Fleshner, M., & Wright, K. P. (2007) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2007.04.003 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Expression of prolactin and its receptor in human lymphoid cells
Pellegrini, I., Lebrun, J. J., Ali, S., & Kelly, P. A. (1992) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/mend.6.7.1508218 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Kronholm, E., Partonen, T., Laatikainen, T. K., Peltonen, M., Härmä, M., Hublin, C., Kaprio, J. A., Aro, A. R., Partinen, M., Fogelholm, M., et al. (2008) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2008.00627.x · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Cortisol Secretion Is Inhibited during Sleep in Normal Man*
WEITZMAN, E. D., ZIMMERMAN, J. C., CZEISLER, C. A., & RONDA, J. (1983) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-56-2-352 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
González, J. A. G., Moral, F., Elvira, J., García-Gil, D., Guerrero, F., Gavilán, I., & Escobar, L. (2000) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.0.1430031 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Effects of sleep deprivation on human immune functions
Moldofsky, H., Lue, F. A., Davidson, J. R., & Gorczynski, R. (1989) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.3.8.2785942 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Coin Rubbing and Camphor Intoxication—Reply
Bächli, E., Rampini, S. K., & Schneemann, M. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.12.1471-b · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Sleep deprivation and human immune function
Dinges, D. F., Douglas, S. D., Hamarman, S., Zaugg, L., & Kapoor, S. C. (1995) · Advances in Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/0960-5428(95)00002-j · Cited by 234 · see citing works
The Chronobiology of Human Cytokine Production
Petrovsky, N., & Harrison, L. C. (1998) · International Reviews of Immunology · doi:10.3109/08830189809043012 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Sleep associated regulation of T helper 1/T helper 2 cytokine balance in humans
Dimitrov, S., Lange, T., Tieken, S., Fehm, H. L., & Born, J. (2004) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2003.08.004 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Lymphocyte and Granulocyte Reactions during Sleep Deprivation
Palmblad, J. E. W., Petrini, B., Wasserman, J., & Åkerstedt, T. (1979) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-197906000-00001 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Antioxidant defense responses to sleep loss and sleep recovery
Everson, C. A., Laatsch, C. D., & Hogg, N. (2005) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00565.2004 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
The relevance of sleep abnormalities to chronic inflammatory conditions
Ranjbaran, Z., Keefer, L., Stepanski, E. J., Farhadi, A., & Keshavarzian, A. (2007) · Inflammation Research · doi:10.1007/s00011-006-6067-1 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Development of a High-Throughput Automated Analyzer Using Biochip Array Technology
Fitzgerald, S. P., Lamont, J. V., McConnell, R. I., & Benchikh, E. O. (2005) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2005.049429 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Shift of Monocyte Function Toward Cellular Immunity During Sleep
Lange, T. (2006) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.166.16.1695 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Differential effects of growth hormone and prolactin on murine T cell development and function.
Murphy, W. J., Durum, S. K., & Longo, D. (1993) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.178.1.231 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Axelsson, J., Kecklund, G., Åkerstedt, T., D’Onofrio, P., Lekander, M., & Ingre, M. (2008) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420520802107031 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of Sleep on the Production of Cytokines in Humans
Uthgenannt, D., Schoolmann, D., Pietrowsky, R., Fehm, H.-L., & Born, J. (1995) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199503000-00001 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Disordered Sleep, Nocturnal Cytokines, and Immunity in Alcoholics
Redwine, L., Dang, J., Hall, M., & Irwin, M. (2003) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000038943.33335.d2 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
White blood cells and cortisol after sleep deprivation and recovery sleep in humans
Heiser, P., Dickhaus, B., Schreiber, W., Clement, H. W., Hasse, C., Hennig, J., Remschmidt, H., Krieg, J. C., Wesemann, W., & Opper, C. (2000) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1007/pl00007534 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Dimitrov, S., Lange, T., Fehm, H., & Born, J. (2004) · Brain, behavior, and immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2003.09.014 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Lai, H. Y., & Rogers, D. F. (2010) · Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery · doi:10.1089/jamp.2009.0802 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Effect of sleep deprivation on overall 24 h growth-hormone secretion
BRANDENBERGER, G., Gronfier, C., Chapotot, F., Simon, C., & Piquard, F. (2000) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02847-6 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Changes in immune regulation in response to examination stress in atopic and healthy individuals
Höglund, C. O., Axén, J., Kemi, C., Jernelöv, S., Grünewald, J., Müller-Suur, C., Smith, Y., Grönneberg, R., Eklúnd, A., Stierna, P., et al. (2006) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2006.02529.x · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Self-citationPathologic similarities and differences between asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Mauad, T., & Dolhnikoff, M. (2007) · Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine · doi:10.1097/mcp.0b013e3282f19846 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Sleep Homeostasis During Repeated Sleep Restriction and Recovery: Support from EEG Dynamics
Åkerstedt, T., Kecklund, G., Ingre, M., Lekander, M., & Axelsson, J. (2009) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/32.2.217 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of 48 hours sleep deprivation on human immune profile.
Öztürk, L., Pelin, Z., Karadeniz, D., Kaynak, H., Cakar, L., & Gözükırmızı, E. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Short natural sleep is associated with higher T cell and lower NK cell activities
Fondell, E., Axelsson, J., Franck, K. T., Ploner, A., Lekander, M., Bälter, K. A., & Gaines, H. (2011) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2011.04.004 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationActivation and Functions of CD4+ T‐Cell Subsets
Abbas, A. K., Williams, M. E., Burstein, H. J., Chang, T. L., Bossù, P., & Lichtman, A. H. (1991) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.1991.tb00603.x · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Coemergence of Insomnia and a Shift in the Th1/Th2 Balance toward Th2 Dominance
Sakami, S., Ishikawa, T., Kawakami, N., Haratani, T., Fukui, A., Kobayashi, F., Fujita, O., Araki, S., & Kawamura, N. (2002) · NeuroImmunoModulation · doi:10.1159/000071474 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Sleep deprivation attenuates inflammatory responses and ischemic cell death
Weil, Z. M., Norman, G. J., Karelina, K., Morris, J. S., Barker, J. M., Su, A. J., Walton, J. C., Bohinc, S., Nelson, R. J., & DeVries, A. C. (2009) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.04.018 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
The influence of regulatory T cells and diurnal hormone rhythms on T helper cell activity
Bollinger, T., Bollinger, A., Naujoks, J., Lange, T., & Solbach, W. (2010) · Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2567.2010.03320.x · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Physiological patterns in early morning asthma.
Hetzel, M., Clark, T. J. H., & Houston, K. J. (1977) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.32.4.418 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Zielinski, M. R., Davis, J. M., Fadel, J. R., & Youngstedt, S. D. (2012) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2012.03.002 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Lungato, L., Gazarini, M. L., Paredes‐Gamero, E. J., Tersariol, I. L. S., Tufik, S., & D’Almeida, V. (2012) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects · doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.09.010 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Figueras, J., & Lidón, R. M. (1995) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.92.7.1737 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Short natural sleep is associated with higher T cell and lower NK cell activities
Fondell, E., Axelsson, J., Franck, K. T., Ploner, A., Lekander, M., Bälter, K. A., & Gaines, H. (2011) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2011.07.074 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citation5. Synthesis, metabolism and release of histamine
Medina, M. Á., Aldana, J. F., Villatoro, F. R., et al. (2007) · Inflammation Research · doi:10.1007/s00011-006-0525-7
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease
Besedovsky, L., Lange, T., & Haack, M. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00010.2018 · Cited by 1,479 · see citing works
“In addition, sleep, by favoring pro-inflammatory and Th1 cytokine production, further supports the interaction between APCs and T cells and the subsequent differentiation and proliferation of Th1 cells, eventually leading to the formation of IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies (24, 67, 148, 254, 320).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialHealth consequences of shift work and insufficient sleep
Kecklund, G., & Axelsson, J. (2016) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.i5210 · Cited by 1,195 · see citing works
Self-citationPanel, C. C., Watson, N. F., Badr, M. S., Belenky, G., Bliwise, D. L., Buxton, O. M., Buysse, D., Dinges, D. F., Gangwisch, J., Grandner, M. A., et al. (2015) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.4886 · Cited by 906 · see citing works
Role of sleep deprivation in immune-related disease risk and outcomes
Garbarino, S., Lanteri, P., Bragazzi, N. L., Magnavita, N., & Scoditti, E. (2021) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02825-4 · Cited by 617 · see citing works
Watson, N. F., Badr, M. S., Belenky, G., Bliwise, D. L., Buxton, O. M., Buysse, D., Dinges, D. F., Gangwisch, J., Grandner, M. A., Kushida, C., et al. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.4950 · Cited by 568 · see citing works
Wright, K. P., Drake, A. L., Frey, D. J., Fleshner, M., Desouza, C. A., Gronfier, C., & Czeisler, C. A. (2015) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2015.01.004 · Cited by 567 · see citing works
Salivary markers of inflammation in response to acute stress
Slavish, D. C., Graham‐Engeland, J. E., Smyth, J. M., & Engeland, C. G. (2014) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2014.08.008 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Sleep and circadian regulation of cortisol: A short review
O'Byrne, N. A., Yuen, F., Butt, W. Z., & Liu, P. Y. (2021) · Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1016/j.coemr.2021.03.011 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
The effect of sleep on gastrointestinal functioning in common digestive diseases
Orr, W. C., Fass, R., Sundaram, S. S., & Scheimann, A. O. (2020) · The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology · doi:10.1016/s2468-1253(19)30412-1 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Sleep Duration Affects Risk for Ulcerative Colitis: A Prospective Cohort Study
Ananthakrishnan, A. N., Khalili, H., Konijeti, G. G., Higuchi, L. M., de Silva, P. S., Fuchs, C. S., Richter, J. M., Schernhammer, E. S., & Chan, A. T. (2014) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2014.04.021 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Suzuki, H., Savitz, J. B., Teague, T. K., Gandhapudi, S. K., Tan, C., Misaki, M., McKinney, B. A., Irwin, M. R., Drevets, W. C., & Bodurka, J. (2017) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2017.06.011 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Pérez de Heredia, F., Garaulet, M., Gómez-Martínez, S., Díaz, L. E., Wärnberg, J., Androutsos, O., Michels, N., Breidenassel, C., Cuenca-García, M., Huybrechts, I., et al. (2014) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2014.04.010 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Sleep, testosterone and cortisol balance, and ageing men
Liu, P. Y., & Reddy, R. T. (2022) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11154-022-09755-4 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
“5 h/night or less [40, 57, 78, 79, 83, 84] reported that sleep restriction increased afternoon cortisol.”
BackgroundLasselin, J., Rehman, J.-U., Åkerstedt, T., Lekander, M., & Axelsson, J. (2015) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2014.10.004 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citationVenâncio, D. P., & Suchecki, D. (2014) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2014.12.002 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Sleep, immunity and shift workers: A review
de Almeida, C. M. O., & Malheiro, A. (2016) · Sleep Science · doi:10.1016/j.slsci.2016.10.007 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Inflammation and Immune Regulation as Potential Drug Targets in Antidepressant Treatment
Schmidt, F. M., Kirkby, K. C., & Lichtblau, N. (2016) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x14666160115130414 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Environmental disruption of the circadian clock leads to altered sleep and immune responses in mouse
Phillips, D. J., Savenkova, M. I., & Karatsoreos, I. N. (2014) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2014.12.008 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
da Silva, F. R., Guerreiro, R. D. C., Andrade, H. D. A., Stieler, E., Silva, A., & de Mello, M. T. (2020) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2020.1756841 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Wilson, R. G., Stevens, B. W., Guo, A., Russell, C. N., Thornton, A., Cohen, M., Sturgeon, H. C., Giallourakis, C. C., Khalili, H., Nguyen, D. D., et al. (2015) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-015-3580-5 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Dimitrov, S., Besedovsky, L., Born, J., & Lange, T. (2015) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2014.11.017 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Effect of sleep loss on pain—New conceptual and mechanistic avenues
Kourbanova, K., Alexandre, C., & Latrémolière, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.1009902 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Said, E. A., Al-Abri, M., Al-Saidi, I., Al-Balushi, M. S., Al-Busaidi, J. Z., Al‐Reesi, I., Koh, C. Y., Idris, M. A., Al-Jabri, A. A., & Habbal, O. (2019) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-019-01851-1 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Rico-Rosillo, M. G., & Vega-Robledo, G. B. (2018) · Revista Alergia México · doi:10.29262/ram.v65i2.359 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Livingston, W. S., Rusch, H. L., Nersesian, P. V., Baxter, T., Mysliwiec, V., & Gill, J. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00059 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Sleep Disruption Worsens Seizures: Neuroinflammation as a Potential Mechanistic Link
Bonilla‐Jaime, H., Zeleke, H., Rojas, A., & Espinosa‐García, C. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222212531 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Sleep in wildland firefighters: what do we know and why does it matter?
Vincent, G. E., Aisbett, B., Wolkow, A. P., Jay, S. M., Ridgers, N. D., & Ferguson, S. A. (2018) · International Journal of Wildland Fire · doi:10.1071/wf17109 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Sleep deprivation predisposes allergic mice to neutrophilic lung inflammation
Nunes, J. O. F., Apostolico, J. D. S., Andrade, D. A. G., Ruiz, F. S., Fernandes, E. R., Andersen, M. L., Keller, A. C., & Rosa, D. S. (2018) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2017.06.025 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Kazmi, N., Wallen, G. R., Yang, L., Alkhatib, J., Schwandt, M. L., Feng, D., Gao, B., Diazgranados, N., Ramchandani, V. A., & Barb, J. J. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.931280 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Wolkow, A. P., Ferguson, S. A., Vincent, G. E., Larsen, B., Aisbett, B., & Main, L. C. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0138128 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Sleep Immune Cross Talk and Insomnia
Akkaoui, M. A., Palagini, L., & Geoffroy, P. A. (2023) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-7376-5_12 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Heinzelmann, M. M., Lee, H., Rak, H., Livingston, W. S., Barr, T. L., Baxter, T., Scattergood-Keepper, L., Mysliwiec, V., & Gill, J. (2014) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2014.08.004 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Effects of Insufficient Sleep on Pituitary–Adrenocortical Response to CRH Stimulation in Healthy Men
Guyon, A., Morselli, L. L., Balbo, M. L., Tasali, E., Leproult, R., L’Hermite-Balériaux, M., Van Cauter, E., & Spiegel, K. (2017) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsx064 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Immune response to vaccination in adults with mental disorders: A systematic review
Xiao, K., Gillissie, E. S., Lui, L. M. W., Ceban, F., Teopiz, K. M., Gill, H., Cao, B., Ho, R., Rosenblat, J. D., & McIntyre, R. S. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.02.025 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Ballesio, A., Fiori, V., & Lombardo, C. (2025) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.70099 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Liu, P. Y., Lawrence-Sidebottom, D., Piotrowska, K., Zhang, W., Iranmanesh, A., Auchus, R. J., Veldhuis, J. D., & Van Dongen, H. P. A. (2021) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab375 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Schmidt, F. M., Pschiebl, A., Sander, C., Kirkby, K. C., Thormann, J., Minkwitz, J., Chittka, T., Weschenfelder, J., Holdt, L. M., Teupser, D., et al. (2016) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000441190 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Yuan, S., Sun, Y., Tan, X. W., Geng, J., Sun, J., Chen, X., Yu, L., Wang, J., Zhou, X., Hesketh, T. M., et al. (2022) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.17285 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Melatonin and inflammatory bowel disease: From basic mechanisms to clinical application
Vaghari‐Tabari, M., Moein, S., Alipourian, A., Qujeq, D., Malakoti, F., Alemi, F., Yousefi, B., & Khazaie, S. (2022) · Biochimie · doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2022.12.007 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Prokopidis, K., & Dionyssiotis, Y. (2021) · Journal of Frailty Sarcopenia and Falls · doi:10.22540/jfsf-06-050 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Liu, P. Y., Takahashi, P. Y., Yang, R. J., Iranmanesh, A., & Veldhuis, J. D. (2020) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaa008 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Investigating obesity‐related risk factors for childhood asthma
Chen, Y., Su, M., Brumpton, B. M., & Lee, Y. L. (2021) · Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · doi:10.1111/pai.13710 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Liu, G.-H., Zhuo, X.-C., Huang, Y.-H., Liu, H.-M., Wu, R., Kuo, C., Chen, N., Chuang, L., Lin, S., Chen, Y., et al. (2022) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology11070962 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Potential effects of shift work on skin autoimmune diseases
Stenger, S., Graßhoff, H., Hundt, J. E., & Lange, T. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1000951 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Association of sleep disorders with asthma: a meta-analysis
Liu, X., Hong, C., Liu, Z., Fan, L., Yin, M., Yunhu, C., Ren, X., & Gu, X. (2023) · BMJ Open Respiratory Research · doi:10.1136/bmjresp-2023-001661 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Key Molecular Mechanisms of Aging, Biomarkers, and Potential Interventions
Proshkina, E., Solovev, I. A., Shaposhnikov, M. V., & Moskalev, A. (2020) · Molecular Biology · doi:10.1134/s0026893320060096 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Effect of Mongolian warm acupuncture on the gene expression profile of rats with insomnia
Gula, A., Li, X., Su, B., Lian, H., Bao, M., Liang, Y., Chen, Y., Jia, Y., Bao, L., & Su, X. (2019) · Acupuncture in Medicine · doi:10.1136/acupmed-2016-011243 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Liu, J., Wang, W., Tian, J., Lv, C., Fu, Y., Fass, R., Song, G., & Yu, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.912442 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Ключевые молекулярные механизмы старения, биомаркеры и потенциальные интервенции
Proshkina, E., Соловьёв, И. А., Shaposhnikov, M. V., & Moskalev, A. A. (2020) · Molecular Biology · doi:10.31857/s0026898420060099 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Chu, Y., Aune, D., Yu, C., Wu, Y., Ferrari, G., Rezende, L. F. M., & Wang, Y. (2023) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2023.10.004 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Diurnal rhythms in peripheral blood immune cell numbers of domestic pigs
Engert, L. C., Weiler, U., Pfaffinger, B., Stefanski, V., & Schmucker, S. S. (2017) · Developmental & Comparative Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.dci.2017.10.003 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Tucker, J. A., Osann, K., Hsieh, S., Wahi, A., Monk, B. J., Wenzel, L. B., & Nelson, E. L. (2021) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-020-09950-0 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Circadian Biology and the Neurovascular Unit
Li, W., Tiedt, S., Lawrence, J. H., Harrington, M. E., Musiek, E. S., & Lo, E. H. (2024) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.124.323514 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Dong, N., & Yue, H. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1654450 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Circadian Disruption in Night Shift Work and Its Association with Chronic Pulmonary Diseases
Joshi, A., & Sundar, I. K. (2023) · Advanced Biology · doi:10.1002/adbi.202200292 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Sleep restriction during peripuberty unbalances sexual hormones and testicular cytokines in rats†
Siervo, G. E. M. D. L., Ogo, F. M., Staurengo‐Ferrari, L., Anselmo-Franci, J. A., Cunha, F. Q., Cecchini, R., Guarnier, F. A., Verri, W. A., Jr., & Fernandes, G. S. A. (2018) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1093/biolre/ioy161 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Poluektov, M. G. (2021) · Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology · doi:10.1007/s11055-021-01113-2 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Circadian Rhythm, Sleep, and Immune Response and the Fight against COVID-19
Al-Abri, M., Al-Yaarubi, S., & Said, E. A. (2022) · Oman Medical Journal · doi:10.5001/omj.2023.38 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Yang, T., Wang, H., Mou, Y., Liu, W.-C., Wang, Y., Song, X.-Y., Ren, C., & Song, X. (2024) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s482258 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Massie, A. R., Boland, E. L., Kapás, L., & Szentirmai, É. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-26758-x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Jang, S. I., Jung, Y., Lee, M., Kim, J., Kim, B. J., Suh, B., & Kim, E. (2021) · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology · doi:10.1111/jocd.14265 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Yu, R., Chen, Z., & Zou, L. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1646053 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Alexandre, C., Latrémolière, A., & Finan, P. H. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190860509.013.31 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Sleep, Immunological Memory, and Inflammatory Skin Disease
Myers, B. A., Reddy, V. D., Chan, S. Y., Thibodeaux, Q. G., Brownstone, N. D., & Bhutani, T. (2020) · Dermatology · doi:10.1159/000510082 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Poluektov, M. G. (2020) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro20201200926 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Everson, C. A., Szabó, A., Olsen, C. M., Glaeser, B., & Raff, H. (2025) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaf107 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Sawahashi, M., Kakuta, Y., Naito, T., Okazaki, S., Ohneda, K., Orui, M., Obara, T., Ogishima, S., Kumada, K., Kudo, H., et al. (2025) · Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s00535-025-02263-7 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Sleep deprivation reduced LPS-induced IgG2b production by up-regulating BMAL1 and CLOCK expression
Chen, X., Zhai, B., Zhang, Y., Fang, Y., Zhang, M., Zhang, C., Wang, W., Ding, M., Huang, X. H., Shen, B., et al. (2023) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149326 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Shi, X., Buysse, D. J., Ritterband, L. M., Sereika, S. M., Strollo, P. J., Wenzel, S. E., & Luyster, F. S. (2019) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2019.02.011 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Maternal tiredness and cytokine concentrations in mid-pregnancy
Kaartinen, M., Karlsson, L., Paavonen, E. J., Polo‐Kantola, P., Pelto, J., Nousiainen, N., Scheinin, N. M., Maksimow, M., Salmi, M., & Karlsson, H. (2019) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.109843 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Vasopressin as a Possible Link between Sleep-Disturbances and Memory Problems
Török, B., Varga, J. M., & Zelena, D. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232415467 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Diet, sleep, and exercise in inflammatory skin diseases
Afvari, S., Beck, T. C., Kazlouskaya, M., Afrahim, R., & Valdebran, M. (2023) · Our Dermatology Online · doi:10.7241/ourd.20234.21 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Sleep disorders in hepatocellular carcinoma
Qian, J., Ruan, M., Wang, Z., Dong, W., Jia, J.-H., Feng, X.-C., & Liu, H. (2025) · World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology · doi:10.4251/wjgo.v17.i10.110503 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Tung, C., Wu, J., Chang, H.-C., Xu, J.-W., Yang, Y. S. H., Wu, C. W., & Tung, Y. (2024) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2024.106335 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Sleep Disorders in the Allergy-Immunology Clinic
Conway, A. E., Verdi, M., Anagnostou, A., Bernstein, J., Abrams, E. M., Madan, J. C., Oppenheimer, J. J., Lang, D. M., Hand, M., Forester, J. P., et al. (2025) · The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology In Practice · doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2025.07.052 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Nair, V. S., Plazzi, G., & Tucci, V. (2026) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2026.102283 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Muhammad, D. H., & Qadir, F. A. (2017) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/1.5004312 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Circadian rhythm of cutaneous pruritus.
Jiang, Z., Sang, X., Lu, J., & Gao, L. (2024) · PubMed Central · doi:10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2024.230397 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Ghahari, S. M. M., Ajami, A., Sadeghizadeh, M., Rastaghi, A. R. E., & Mahdavi, M. (2022) · Experimental Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108404 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Sleep, gut microbiota, and mind-body medicine
Das, M., Muralitharan, G., Saini, S., & Patra, S. (2025) · Brain Behavior and Immunity Integrative · doi:10.1016/j.bbii.2025.100128 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Experimental methods to study sleep disruption and immune balance in urban children with asthma
Koinis‐Mitchell, D., Marshall, G. D., Kopel, S. J., Belanger, N. M. S., Ayala-Figueroa, J., Echevarria, S., Millman, R. P., Zheng, T., Weathers, J., Gredvig-Ardito, C., et al. (2022) · SLEEP Advances · doi:10.1093/sleepadvances/zpac003 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Effect of Sleep Disruption and Circadian Misalignment on the Immune System
Garbarino, S., Bragazzi, N. L., & Scoditti, E. (2023) · Progress in Sleep Research · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-0240-8_1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Le, K., Liu, Y., Bai, R., Sheng, J., Hu, J. H., Zhu, J., Powell, N., Bi, Y., Ma, D., & Liu, Z. (2025) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-025-04539-4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Sleep deprivation silently undermines immunity
Zhou, Q., Feng, C., Li, S., Zhangyan, M., & Sun, Y. (2025) · International Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1097/js9.0000000000004071 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Gangwar, A. K., Rawat, A., Tiwari, S., Kumar, S., & Upadhyay, P. K. (2020) · Sleep and Vigilance · doi:10.1007/s41782-020-00115-3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Neuro-inflammatory Response and Immune–Brain Crosstalk in Sleep Regulation
Jha, P. K., & Bouâouda, H. (2024) · Progress in inflammation research · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-74744-1_5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Association between Immune System and Sleep Parameters Among Adults with Bronchial Asthma
Al-Sharif, F. M., & Al-Jiffri, O. H. (2021) · Electronic Journal of General Medicine · doi:10.29333/ejgm/9761 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Consequences of Chronic Sleep Restriction on Energy Balance in Healthy Adults
Spaeth, A. M. (2014) · ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)
Sleep deprivation-induced multi-organ injury: role of oxidative stress and inflammation
Periasamy, S., Hsu, D.-Z., Fu, Y.-H., & Liu, M. (2015) · EXCLI journal · doi:10.17179/excli2015-245 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Innate Immune Response and Psychotic Disorders
Suvisaari, J., & Mantere, O. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801968-9.00007-6
Bakour, C. (2016) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida)
Evaluation and Management of Allergic Disorders Related to Sleep Pathology
Donskoy, I., & Sheldon, S. H. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-14738-9_11
Cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas and sleep quality: a bidirectional relationship?
Xerfan, E. M. S., Andersen, M. L., Tomimori, J., Tufik, S. B., & Facina, A. S. (2020) · International Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/ijd.14806
Bagherzadeh, M., Haghighat, S., & Mahdavi, M. (2021) · فصلنامه علوم پزشکی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد پزشکی تهران · doi:10.52547/iau.31.2.146
Çakan, P., & Yıldız, S. (2021) · Medical Records · doi:10.37990/medr.975759
Investigating Obesity-related Factors for Childhood AsthmaPreprint
Chen, Y., Su, M., Brumpton, B. M., & Lee, Y. L. (2021) · doi:10.22541/au.163253543.31397586/v1
Gu, S., Yin, P., Cao, Y., Shi, R., Li, Q., Liu, J., Wu, Y.-C., Zhang, Y., Wang, C., Zhang, Y., et al. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3306354/v1
Sleep restriction modulates B-1 cell response following fungal infection
Vidal, A. S., Alvares-Saraiva, A. M., Segura, W. D., Xander, P. B., & Brito, R. R. N. E. (2026) · Immunobiology · doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0756.v1
Sleep disturbances: from insomnia to depression. From animals to humans
Yankovsky, V., Borozdenko, D. A., & Negrebetsky, V. V. (2025) · Russian Medicine · doi:10.17816/medjrf637141
- Authors
- Axelsson, J., Rehman, J.-U., Akerstedt, T., Ekman, R., Miller, G. E., Höglund, C. O., & Lekander, M.
- Affiliations
- Stockholm University (SE)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- University of Gothenburg (SE)
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Karolinska University Hospital (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Axelsson, John
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2013-12-11
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- e82291
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3859577
- OpenAlex
- W1974452187
- Cited by
- 103
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 9
- FWCI
- 10.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Sleep Research Society
- Svenska Sällskapet för Medicinsk Forskning
- Astma- och Allergiförbundet
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- sleep restriction, sleep deprivation, Th1/Th2 balance, cytokines, chemokines, interleukin-2, IL-4, TNF-α, MCP-1, phytohemagglutinin, cell-mediated immunity, circadian variation, cortisol, allergic diseases, asthma
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Leukocyte Count, Male, Mitogens, Phytohemagglutinins, Sleep Deprivation, Th1 Cells, Th2 Cells, Chemokines, Young Adult, Th1-Th2 Balance
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
