Cited by 292Racial and Ethnic Identity ResearchHealth disparities and outcomesChild and Adolescent Health

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Racism and Child Health: A Review of the Literature and Future Directions

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Pachter, Lee M., Coll, Cynthia García·2009·Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics

DOI 10.1097/dbp.0b013e3181a7ed5aPMC PMC2794434

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Racism is a mechanism through which racial/ethnic disparities occur in child health. To assess the present state of research into the effects of racism on child health, a review of the literature was undertaken. METHODS: A MEDLINE review of the literature was conducted between October and November 2007. Studies reporting on empirical research relating to racism or racial discrimination as a predictor or contributor to a child health outcome were included in this review. The definition of "child health" was broad and included behavioral, mental, and physical health. RESULTS: Forty articles describing empirical research on racism and child health were found. Most studies (65%) reported on research performed on behavioral and mental health outcomes. Other areas studied included birth outcomes, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, and satisfaction with care. Most research has been conducted on African-American samples (70%), on adolescents and on older children, and without a uniformly standardized approach to measuring racism. Furthermore, many studies used measures that were created for adult populations. CONCLUSIONS: There are a limited number of studies evaluating the relationship between racism and child health. Most studies, to date, show relationships between perceived racism and behavioral and mental health. Future studies need to include more ethnically diverse minority groups and needs to consider studying the effects of racism in younger children. Instruments need to be developed that measure perceptions of racism in children and youth that take into account the unique contexts and developmental levels of children, as well as differences in the perception of racism in different ethnocultural groups. Furthermore, studies incorporating racism as a specific psychosocial stressor that can potentially have biophysiologic sequelae need to be conducted to understand the processes and mechanisms through which racism may contribute to child health disparities.

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Authors: Pachter, L. M., & Coll, C. G.
Affiliations: University of Connecticut (US)
Brown University (US)
Corresponding author: Pachter, Lee M.
ORCID: Pachter, Lee M.
Venue: Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2009-06
Volume: 30
Issue: 3
Pages: 255-263
ISSN: 0196-206X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0b013e3181a7ed5a
PMC: PMC2794434
OpenAlex: W2028763599
Cited by: 292
References: 88
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 9
FWCI: 3.90
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
University Libraries (University of Maryland) (submittedVersion)
Digital Repository at the University of Maryland (University of Maryland College Park)
Funders: U.S. National Library of Medicine
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (K23HD040348)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Child and Adolescent Health
Keywords: racism, child health, racial disparities, racial discrimination, perceived racism, child mental health, child behavioral health, psychosocial stressors, birth outcomes, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, satisfaction with care, African American children, ethnic minority children
MeSH terms: Anxiety, Behavior, Mental Disorders, Child, Depression, Ethnicity, Health Status, Humans, Models, Psychological, Parents, Perception, Prejudice, Self Concept, Patient Satisfaction, Substance-Related Disorders, Health Status Disparities

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