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Mobile Interventions for Severe Mental Illness: Design and Preliminary Data From Three Approaches
Open accessAbstract
Mobile devices can be used to deliver psychosocial interventions, yet there is little prior application in severe mental illness. We provide the rationale, design, and preliminary data from 3 ongoing clinical trials of mobile interventions developed for bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. Project 1 used a personal digital assistant to prompt engagement in personalized self-management behaviors based on real-time data. Project 2 employed experience sampling through text messages to facilitate case management. Project 3 was built on group functional skills training for schizophrenia by incorporating between-session mobile phone contacts with therapists. Preliminary findings were of minimal participant attrition, and no broken devices; yet, several operational and technical barriers needed to be addressed. Adherence was similar to that reported in nonpsychiatric populations, with high participant satisfaction. Therefore, mobile devices seem feasible and acceptable in augmenting psychosocial interventions for severe mental illness, with future research in establishing efficacy, cost effectiveness, and ethical and safety protocols.
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“Trials of mobile BITs have found some positive short-term benefits for anxiety disorders (39), eating disorders (40), bipolar disorder (41), and schizophrenia (42), although others have not been effective at treating depression (43).”
From Behavioral Intervention Technologies: Evidence review and recommendations for future research in mental health (2013) · cites this paper as [41]
In the citing paper
“ESM/EMA data that are fed back to individual patients close in time to their recording may give them insight into the factors that in fl uence their everyday moods and could therefore be therapeutic (Axelson et al., 2003; Depp et al., 2010; Wichers et al., 2011).”
From Mood Disorders in Everyday Life: A Systematic Review of Experience Sampling and Ecological Momentary Assessment Studies (2012) · cites this paper as Depp et al., 2010
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mental Health Smartphone Apps: Review and Evidence-Based Recommendations for Future Developments
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Luxton, D. D., McCann, R. A., Bush, N. E., Mishkind, M. C., & Reger, G. M. (2011) · Professional Psychology: Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/a0024485 · Cited by 809
“Podcasts are becoming a very popular way for individuals to obtain behavioral health information (Dingfelder, 2010).”
BackgroundInteractive telemedicine: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes
Flodgren, G., Rachas, A., Farmer, A. J., Inzitari, M., & Shepperd, S. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002098.pub2 · Cited by 806
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Trull, T. J., & Ebner-Priemer, U. (2013) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185510 · Cited by 761
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Mapping mHealth research: a decade of evolution
Fiordelli, M., Diviani, N., & Schulz, P. J. (2013) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.2430 · Cited by 570
“The final sample for the full-text review included 117 [17-133] articles out of the 352 described above.”
BackgroundReynolds, C. F., Jeste, D. V., Sachdev, P. S., & Blazer, D. G. (2022) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20996 · Cited by 465
Self-citationMobile Apps for Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review of Features and Content Quality
Nicholas, J., Larsen, M. E., Proudfoot, J., & Christensen, H. (2015) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.4581 · Cited by 438
“This acceptability has also been shown in mobile programs for BD, with personal digital assistant [4,5] and short message service based interventions [1] proving effective and acceptable to consumers.”
Smartphone-Based Recognition of States and State Changes in Bipolar Disorder Patients
Grunerbl, A., Muaremi, A., Osmani, V., Bahle, G., Ohler, S., Troster, G., Mayora, O., Haring, C., & Lukowicz, P. (2015) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2014.2343154 · Cited by 384
Alvarez-Jimenez, M., Alcazar-Corcoles, M. A., González-Blanch, C., Bendall, S., McGorry, P. D., & Gleeson, J. F. (2014) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.03.021 · Cited by 351
“, 2011), and a detailed emergency response protocol (Depp et al., 2010; Alvarez-Jimenez et al., 2012a).”
Berrouiguet, S., Baca-García, E., Brandt, S., Walter, M., & Courtet, P. (2016) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.5066 · Cited by 332
“Some patients may need to receive weekly messages (eg, in suicide management [41]), whereas other patients may need to receive daily messages to remind them to take medication [34] or for monitoring purposes [38].”
Ethical Issues in Online Psychotherapy: A Narrative Review
Stoll, J., Müller, J. A., & Trachsel, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00993 · Cited by 340
aan het Rot, M., Hogenelst, K., & Schoevers, R. A. (2012) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.05.007 · Cited by 325
“As highlighted in several small studies, ESM/EMAdata that are fed back to individual patients close in time to their recording may give them insight into the factors that influence their everydaymoods and could therefore be therapeutic (Axelson et al., 2003; Depp et al., 2010;Wichers et al., 2011).”
BackgroundKramer, I., Simons, C. J. P., Hartmann, J. A., Menne-Lothmann, C., Viechtbauer, W., Peeters, F., Schruers, K., van Bemmel, A. L., Myin-Germeys, I., Delespaul, P., et al. (2014) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20090 · Cited by 306
“Although interventions based on momentary assessment technology have been developed for several mental disorders and health promoting behaviors (15,37-43), actual implementation in mental health care is still limited (12).”
BackgroundGranholm, E. L., Ben‐Zeev, D., Link, P. C., Bradshaw, K., & Holden, J. L. (2011) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbr155 · Cited by 300
“Given the limited research on mobile-device interventions in SMI, we conducted a pilot trial of a novel mobile phone text message intervention called Mobile Assessment and Treatment for Schizophrenia (MATS).(18) The MATS project is the product of collaboration between academic clinical researchers, programming/technol…”
Self-citationMobile, social, and wearable computing and the evolution of psychological practice.
Morris, M. E., & Aguilera, A. (2012) · Professional Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/a0029041 · Cited by 309
“…technology into mental health treatment is evidenced by clinical trials of mobile interventions for severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia (Depp et al., 2010), borderline personality disorder (Rizvi, Dimeff, Skutch, Carroll, & Linehan, 2011), and substance abuse (Gustafson, Shaw, Isham,…”
BackgroundHoermann, S., McCabe, K. L., Milne, D. N., & Calvo, R. A. (2017) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.7023 · Cited by 263
“These have been used to encourage medication adherence or treatment compliance, aftercare support (eg, [9-11]), deliver appointment reminders [12], and to monitor and capture mood or symptom change [13], especially in conditions with high relapse rates (eg, alcoholism and schizophrenia].”
Berry, N., Lobban, F., Emsley, R., & Bucci, S. (2016) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.5250 · Cited by 230
“Participant response rates to assessments and prompts ranged from 65% to 93.33% [32,62,63,72,73,86].”
InfluentialMobile technologies among people with serious mental illness: Opportunities for future services
Ben-Zeev, D., Davis, K. E., Kaiser, S., Krzsos, I., & Drake, R. E. (2013) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-012-0424-x · Cited by 249
“Interest in using mobile technologies in the assessment and treatment of SMI is growing rapidly (Ben-Zeev 2012; Depp et al. 2010).”
BackgroundOn the HORYZON: Moderated online social therapy for long-term recovery in first episode psychosis
Alvarez-Jimenez, M., Bendall, S., Lederman, R., Wadley, G., Chinnery, G., Vargas, S., Larkin, M., Killackey, E., McGorry, P. D., & Gleeson, J. F. (2013) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2012.10.009 · Cited by 224
“…involvement of stakeholders throughout all phases of development (Valimaki et al., 2008), and regular consultations with potential users with regards to all aspects of the protocols (i.e. emergency responding, therapy/psychoeducation content and wording and specific features) (Depp et al., 2010).”
BackgroundFaurholt-Jepsen, M., Frost, M., Ritz, C., Christensen, E. M., Jacoby, A. S., Mikkelsen, R. L., Knorr, U., Bardram, J. E., Vinberg, M., & Kessing, L. V. (2015) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291715000410 · Cited by 213
“…instruments using computers (Totterdell et al. 1996; Whybrow et al. 2003), personal digital assistants (Schärer et al. 2002; Kreindler et al. 2003; Depp et al. 2010; Husky et al. 2010), text messages (Bopp et al. 2010), web interfaces (Lieberman et al. 2010), and smartphone applications (Depp et…”
BackgroundMethodMental Disorders in the Entrepreneurship Context: When Being Different Can Be An Advantage
Wiklund, J., Hatak, I., Patzelt, H., & Shepherd, D. A. (2018) · Academy of Management Perspectives · doi:10.5465/amp.2017.0063 · Cited by 231
The application of mHealth to mental health: opportunities and challenges
Marzano, L., Bardill, A., Fields, B., Herd, K., Veale, D., Grey, N., & Moran, P. (2015) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00268-0 · Cited by 200
Depp, C. A., Ceglowski, J., Wang, V. C., Yaghouti, F., Mausbach, B. T., Thompson, W. K., & Granholm, E. L. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.10.053 · Cited by 215
“Our findings add to the growing literature on the promise of mobile health interventions for mental health problems, including several uncontrolled trials in bipolar disorder (Bardram et al., 2013; Depp et al., 2010; Wenze et al., 2014), schizophrenia (Ben-Zeev et al.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationUsing Smartphones to Monitor Bipolar Disorder Symptoms: A Pilot Study
Beiwinkel, T., Kindermann, S., Maier, A., Kerl, C., Moock, J., Barbian, G., & Rössler, W. (2016) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/mental.4560 · Cited by 191
“Comparison With Prior Work Within the self-reported data, our data support the findings [14,20] that daily mood ratings are useful for monitoring depressive symptoms in patients who experience bipolar disorder.”
Ahtinen, A., Mattila, E., Välkkynen, P., Kaipainen, K., Vanhala, T., Ermes, M., Sairanen, E., Myllymäki, T., & Lappalainen, R. (2013) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/mhealth.2596 · Cited by 173
Bell, I. H., Lim, M. H., Rossell, S. L., & Thomas, N. (2017) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201600523 · Cited by 189
“The Skills Training and Empowerment Program trial was a pilot study aimed at enhancing the efficacy of a face-to-face intervention for patients with schizophrenia while shortening the intervention’s duration through regular phone calls (47).”
BackgroundInfluentialBirney, A. J., Gunn, R., Russell, J. K., & Ary, D. V. (2016) · JMIR mHealth and uHealth · doi:10.2196/mhealth.4231 · Cited by 159
“Proven mobile apps can provide a tool for clinical professionals to use with help-seeking clients, while also increasing access and retention over in-person mental health services [67,68].”
From Environment to Therapy in Psychosis: A Real-World Momentary Assessment Approach
Myin‐Germeys, I., Birchwood, M. J., & Kwapil, T. R. (2011) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbq164 · Cited by 177
Batra, S., Baker, R., Wang, T., Forma, F., DiBiasi, F., & Peters-Strickland, T. (2017) · Medical Devices: Evidence and Research · doi:10.2147/mder.s144158 · Cited by 169
“Developing DHTs that can be used by people with SMI can be particularly challenging because of illness-related factors, such as cognitive impairments,(9) and thus requires specific design considerations.(10,11) Nevertheless, results of several surveys indicate that patients with SMI are receptive to the use of technol…”
Smartphone data as an electronic biomarker of illness activity in bipolar disorder
Faurholt‐Jepsen, M., Vinberg, M., Frost, M., Christensen, E. M., Bardram, J. E., & Kessing, L. V. (2015) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12332 · Cited by 169
“Furthermore, using smartphones, and not separate ‘monitoring devices’, for continuous monitoring lowers the risk of stigmatization due to the risk of simply seeing the monitoring devices in the patient’s hand (11).”
BackgroundFaurholt‐Jepsen, M., Munkholm, K., Frost, M. M., Bardram, J. E., & Kessing, L. V. (2016) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0713-0 · Cited by 173
“The monitoring tools used were PDAs [56, 64], computers [12, 54, 64] and smartphones [58, 59, 68], re-”
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“, 2009) and improve compliance with medication (Armstrong et al., 2009; Depp et al., 2010; Ollivier et al., 2009; Pal, 2003; Strandbygaard et al., 2010).”
BackgroundTelemental health: A status update
Aboujaoude, E., Salame, W., & Naim, L. (2015) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20218 · Cited by 154
“They offer help with diagnosing (49), self-monitoring (1,48), symptom tracking and documentation (50), adherence to traditional therapy (51), and appointment and therapy homework reminders (48).”
BackgroundBain, E., Shafner, L., Walling, D. P., Othman, A. A., Chuang‐Stein, C., Hinkle, J. E., & Hanina, A. (2017) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/mhealth.7030 · Cited by 163
“Acceptance of mobile technology has received little attention in this patient population and has primarily relied on the use of mobile devices for patient self-assessment, and as psychoeducational tools [31,32].”
BackgroundDigital Technology Use Among Individuals with Schizophrenia: Results of an Online Survey
Gay, K., Torous, J., Joseph, A., Pandya, A., & Duckworth, K. (2016) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/mental.5379 · Cited by 161
“With the rise of mobile handheld technologies such as personal digital assistants, clinical studies suggested that those with serious mental illness were able to use and adhere to mobile interventions [10], even when experiencing negative symptoms [11], and that they generally found such technology helpful and easy to…”
BackgroundGard, D. E., Sanchez, A. H., Cooper, K., Fisher, M., Garrett, C. T., & Vinogradov, S. (2014) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000005 · Cited by 155
“…our findings regarding higher anticipatory pleasure ratings may be due the social interactions with the research caller (cell phone calls, for example, are known to increase participant involvement in treatment) (e.g., Depp et al., 2010; Ehrenreich, Righter, Rocke, Dixon, & Himelhoch, 2011).”
BackgroundMomentary assessment technology as a tool to help patients with depression help themselves
Wichers, M., Simons, C. J. P., Kramer, I., Hartmann, J., Menne‐Lothmann, C., Myin‐Germeys, I., van Bemmel, A. L., Peeters, F. P. M. L., Delespaul, P., & van Os, J. (2011) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01749.x · Cited by 164
“However, of all recently developed mobile interventions, only some provide person-tailored feedback instead of standard messages (63, 64), and only very few use person-tailored feedback in combination with momentary assessment technology (64–66).”
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“A limitation of this is that retrospective recall often diverges from reality, as evidenced by EMA research on symptom fluctuation [33, 34], and mobile interventions [35–38].”
BackgroundEl Morr, C., Ritvo, P., Ahmad, F., Moineddin, R., & MVC Team (2020) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/18595 · Cited by 145
“Our work informs the rapidly evolving field of mental health self-management [61-63].”
Faurholt-Jepsen, M., Vinberg, M., Frost, M., Debel, S., Margrethe Christensen, E., Bardram, J. E., & Kessing, L. V. (2016) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.1502 · Cited by 146
Review of Smartphone Applications for the Treatment of Eating Disorders
Juarascio, A. S., Manasse, S. M., Goldstein, S. P., Forman, E. M., & Butryn, M. L. (2015) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2327 · Cited by 143
“…others have noted several areas of improvement for of existing EMIs, including the frequency of EMI messages (Weitzel, Bernhardt, Usdan, Mays, & Glanz, 2007) and technical problems (e.g. shortness of battery life, phone freezing, failure to receive prompts (Burns et al., 2011; Depp et al., 2010).”
Montes, J. M. G., Medina, E., Gómez-Beneyto, M., & Mauriño, J. (2012) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.07.034 · Cited by 140
“Cell phones incorporate a short message service (SMS) for sending text messages, constituting a cheap, low timeconsuming and discreet tool for communication (Patrick et al., 2008; Depp et al., 2010; Ehrenreich et al., 2011; Harrison et al., 2011; Mäkelä et al., 2010; Van den Berg et al., 2011).”
BackgroundFaurholt‐Jepsen, M., Frost, M. M., Christensen, E. M., Bardram, J. E., Vinberg, M., & Kessing, L. V. (2019) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291719000710 · Cited by 129
“, 2010), personal digital assistants (Depp et al., 2010; Mutschler et al., 2012), computers (Whybrow et al.”
BackgroundInternet use and multitasking among older adolescents: An experience sampling approach
Moreno, M. A., Jelenchick, L. A., Koff, R. N., Eikoff, J. C., Diermyer, C., & Christakis, D. (2012) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.01.016 · Cited by 137
Real-time predictors of suicidal ideation: mobile assessment of hospitalized depressed patients
Ben-Zeev, D., Young, M. A., & Depp, C. A. (2012) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2011.11.025 · Cited by 122
Reger, G. M., Hoffman, J. E., Riggs, D. S., ROTHBAUM, B. O., Ruzek, J. I., Holloway, K. M., & Kuhn, E. R. (2013) · Psychological Services · doi:10.1037/a0032774 · Cited by 117
How connected are people with schizophrenia? Cell phone, computer, email, and social media use
Miller, B. J., Stewart, A., Schrimsher, J., Peeples, D., & Buckley, P. F. (2015) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.11.067 · Cited by 127
Granholm, E. L., Holden, J. L., Mikhael, T., Link, P. C., Swendsen, J. D., Depp, C. A., Moore, R. C., & Harvey, P. D. (2019) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbz070 · Cited by 113
Self-citationGoldstein, S. P., Evans, B. C., Flack, D., Juarascio, A., Manasse, S., Zhang, F., & Forman, E. M. (2017) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-016-9627-y · Cited by 112
Medication Adherence in Patients with Bipolar Disorder: A Comprehensive Review
Levin, J. B., Krivenko, A., Howland, M., Schlachet, R., & Sajatovic, M. (2016) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-016-0368-x · Cited by 124
“Other studies on EMI approaches have also reported high feasibility and efficacy in treating BD more broadly [138, 139].”
BackgroundBush, N. E., Dobscha, S. K., Crumpton, R. M., Denneson, L. M., Hoffman, J. E., Crain, A., Cromer, R. D., & Kinn, J. T. (2014) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.12103 · Cited by 108
Rotondi, A. J., Eack, S. M., Hanusa, B. H., Spring, M. B., & Haas, G. L. (2013) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbt194 · Cited by 111
Hidalgo-Mazzei, D., Mateu, A., Reinares, M., Matic, A., Vieta, E., & Colom, F. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.005 · Cited by 92
“Depp et al. (2010) designed a mood intervention system using Personal Digital Assistant (PDA).”
MethodE–Mental Health Self-Management for Psychotic Disorders: State of the Art and Future Perspectives
van der Krieke, L., Wunderink, L., Emerencia, A. C., de Jonge, P., & Sytema, S. (2013) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201300050 · Cited by 98
Relationships between smartphone social behavior and relapse in schizophrenia: A preliminary report
Buck, B., Scherer, E. A., Brian, R., Wang, R., Wang, W., Campbell, A. T., Choudhury, T., Hauser, M., Kane, J. M., & Ben‐Zeev, D. (2019) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2019.03.014 · Cited by 96
“Ongoing remote assessments appear feasible and useful in a variety of settings and populations (Goldberg et al., 2018), including psychotic disorders (Ben-Zeev et al., 2016a, 2014; Depp et al., 2010; Niendam et al., 2018; Španiel et al., 2012).”
BackgroundSelf-citationJuarascio, A. S., Goldstein, S. P., Manasse, S. M., Forman, E. M., & Butryn, M. L. (2015) · International Journal of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2015.06.004 · Cited by 81
“Given the burgeoning relevance of mobile apps, research psychologists have begun to formally develop and evaluate treatment apps for depression [7,34,62], bipolar disorder [2,3,11,47], anxiety disorders [20,49], substance use disorders [20,25,39,53,61], schizophrenia [11,21], and borderline personality disorder [53].”
BackgroundSchwartz, S., Schultz, S., Reider, A., & Saunders, E. F. H. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.013 · Cited by 96
“The positive qualitative feedback reflected the high completion rate seen in the study and is promising that the technology can be productively used in future studies, echoing high acceptability found in other studies (Depp et al., 2010).”
Smartphone-Based Tracking of Sleep in Depression, Anxiety, and Psychotic Disorders
Aledavood, T., Torous, J. B., Triana, A. M., Naslund, J. A., Onnela, J.-P. “., & Keshavan, M. S. (2019) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-019-1043-y · Cited by 96
Faurholt‐Jepsen, M., Vinberg, M., Frost, M. M., Christensen, E. M., Bardram, J. E., & Kessing, L. V. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-014-0309-5 · Cited by 87
“Other articles reporting on electronic self-monitoring have used personal digital assistants (PDAs) [8,9], computers [10-18] and smartphones [19] as the electronic self-monitoring tools, but none of the studies have however included data on objective measures of illness activity and the effect of electronic self-monit…”
BackgroundTreating Older Adults With Schizophrenia: Challenges and Opportunities
Jeste, D. V., & Maglione, J. E. (2013) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbt043 · Cited by 87
Self-citationMobile Assessment in Schizophrenia: A Data-Driven Momentary Approach
Oorschot, M., Lataster, T., Thewissen, V., Wichers, M., & Myin‐Germeys, I. (2011) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbr166 · Cited by 86
Online and mobile technologies for self-management in bipolar disorder: A systematic review.
Gliddon, E., Barnes, S. J., Murray, G., & Michalak, E. E. (2017) · Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal · doi:10.1037/prj0000270 · Cited by 84
“Depp et al. (2010) also describe a pilot study (n 10), where participants began by attending two clinician-led sessions wherein they identified their symptoms, triggers, and any adaptive responses to triggers and symptom worsening.”
BackgroundDepp, C. A., Kim, D. H., de Dios, L. V., Wang, V., & Ceglowski, J. (2012) · Journal of Dual Diagnosis · doi:10.1080/15504263.2012.723318 · Cited by 84
“In a small 2-week study, the correlation between depressive symptoms obtained in clinical ratings and electronic momentary-based depression ratings on a three-times-daily single-item rating of depressed mood was high (Depp et al., 2010).”
BackgroundSelf-citationMobile Assessment Guide for Research in Schizophrenia and Severe Mental Disorders
Kimhy, D., Myin‐Germeys, I., Palmier‐Claus, J. E., & Swendsen, J. D. (2012) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbr186 · Cited by 84
Agyapong, V. I. O., McLoughlin, D. M., & Farren, C. K. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.05.058 · Cited by 81
Wenze, S. J., Armey, M. F., & Miller, I. W. (2014) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445513518421 · Cited by 78
“Consistent with previous work (Depp et al., 2010), we hypothesized that (a) all PDAs would be returned; (b) participants would complete at least 75% of the momentary sessions; and (c) average ratings of perceived helpfulness, ease of use, and overall satisfaction would be at least 4 on 1 to 5 Likert-type scales.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialThere's an App for That: Information Technology Applications for Cognitive Behavioral Practitioners.
Aguilera, A., & Muench, F. J. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 76
Zhang, R., Ringland, K. E., Paan, M., Mohr, D. C., & Reddy, M. C. (2021) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3411764.3445771 · Cited by 81
“Studies have found that mHealth interventions can reduce symptoms of depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder [26, 40, 70] and enhance adherence to medication regimens [32].”
BackgroundKelly, J., Gooding, P., Pratt, D., Ainsworth, J., Welford, M., & Tarrier, N. (2012) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.3109/09638237.2011.638001 · Cited by 73
“…the clinic or home), virtual reality (Gregg & Tarrier, 2007), interactive voice systems (Newman et al., 2003, 2011), palmtop computer programmes (Depp et al., 2010; Heron & Smyth, 2010) and SMS messages and mobile phone use (Bang et al., 2007; Depp et al., 2010; Flynn et al., 1992; Free et al.,…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialBen‐Zeev, D., Morris, S. B., Swendsen, J. D., & Granholm, E. L. (2011) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbq167 · Cited by 69
Self-citationUse of Smartphones, Computers and Social Media Among People with SMI: Opportunity for Intervention
Brunette, M. F., Achtyes, E., Pratt, S., Stilwell, K., Opperman, M., Guarino, S., & Kay-Lambkin, F. (2019) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-019-00431-7 · Cited by 67
Moore, D. J., Poquette, A., Casaletto, K. B., Gouaux, B. D., Montoya, J. L., Posada, C., Rooney, A. S., Badiee, J., Deutsch, R., Letendre, S. L., et al. (2014) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-014-0971-0 · Cited by 68
“The feasibility of mHealth interventions to improve adherence among BD individuals are just now emerging [32], and studies show that BD individuals are receptive to use of technological devices for adherence intervention [33].”
BackgroundSelf-citationInternet-Based Interventions for Psychosis
Álvarez-Jiménez, M., Gleeson, J. F., Bendall, S., Lederman, R., Wadley, G., Killackey, E., & McGorry, P. D. (2012) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2012.06.011 · Cited by 67
Eisner, E., Faulkner, S., Allan, S., Ball, H., Basilio, D. D., Nicholas, J., Priyam, A., Wilson, P. M., Zhang, X., & Bucci, S. (2025) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/65246 · Cited by 67
“However, some were anxious that others would ask what the device or app was for [41,58,66,67], or preferred apps for “the general consumer, so I do not feel stigmatized as a patient for using it” [46].”
Menon, V., Rajan, T. M., & Sarkar, S. (2017) · Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.4103/0253-7176.198956 · Cited by 69
“[16] The Personalized Real‑Time Intervention for Stabilizing Mood (PRISM) [17] is another mobile‑based fully automated intervention that combines real‑time experience sampling with an evidence‑based brief psychoeducational intervention (“Life Goals”) [18] in bipolar disorder.”
BackgroundSmartphone as a Personal, Pervasive Health Informatics Services Platform: Literature Review
Wac, K. (2012) · Yearbook of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1055/s-0038-1639436 · Cited by 68
“[52] research mobile interventions for severe mental illness (e.”
BackgroundApplying mobile technologies to mental health service delivery in South Asia
Aggarwal, N. K. (2012) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2011.12.009 · Cited by 60
“, 2006), to deliver psychotherapy in patients with schizophrenia (Depp et al., 2010) and to encourage smoking cessation (Vidrine et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialKarasouli, E., & Adams, A. (2014) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/mental.3708 · Cited by 59
“The majority of the papers lacked information about the development process and theoretical underpinnings used to support the design of their e-resources [11,12,14-16 ,18].”
How Google’s ‘ten things we know to be true’could guide the development of mental health mobile apps
Jones, S. P., Patel, V., Saxena, S., Radcliffe, N., Ali Al-Marri, S., & Darzi, A. (2014) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2014.0380 · Cited by 58
Wichers, M., Hartmann, J. A., Kramer, I. M. A., Lothmann, C., Peeters, F., van Bemmel, L., Myin-Germeys, I., Delespaul, P., van Os, J., & Simons, C. J. P. (2011) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01684.x · Cited by 56
Mobile Network Data for Public Health: Opportunities and Challenges
Oliver, N., Matic, A., & Frı́as-Martı́nez, E. (2015) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2015.00189 · Cited by 53
“The current literature reports several recent studies that have designed mobile intervention approaches to improve mental health conditions, including depression (64, 65), anxiety (66), stress (67), bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia (68).”
BackgroundMoitra, E., Gaudiano, B. A., Davis, C. H., & Ben‐Zeev, D. (2017) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.01.018 · Cited by 56
“from Depp and colleagues [15] showed that EMA and mobile device-based interventions were feasible for patients with psychosis, but again, samples were limited to individuals who were fairly stable, engaged with case managers, or residing in settings with significant psychosocial support resources.”
BackgroundSelf-citationThompson, W. K., Gershon, A., O'Hara, R. M., Bernert, R. A., & Depp, C. A. (2014) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12218 · Cited by 57
Self-citationDevelopment Guidelines from a Study of Suicide Prevention Mobile Applications (Apps)
Praetorius, R. T., McCoy, M. K., & Roan, M. (2013) · Journal of Technology in Human Services · doi:10.1080/15228835.2013.814750 · Cited by 53
“In addition to access and awareness, mobile apps are able to: (a) reduce the duration of face-to-face visits for clients seeking therapeutic care (Depp et al., 2010); (b) provide help to individuals in crisis when a therapist or social worker is unavailable (Dimeff et al., 2011); (c) improve client…”
BackgroundA Future Research Agenda for Digital Geriatric Mental Healthcare
Fortuna, K. L., Torous, J. B., Depp, C. A., Jimenez, D. E., Areán, P. A., Walker, R., Ajilore, O., Goldstein, C. M., Cosco, T. D., Brooks, J., et al. (2019) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2019.05.013 · Cited by 55
Self-citationLagan, S., Ramakrishnan, A., Lamont, E., Ramakrishnan, A., Frye, M., & Torous, J. (2020) · International Journal of Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40345-020-00202-4 · Cited by 50
Gire, N., Farooq, S., Naeem, F., Duxbury, J. A., McKeown, M., Kundi, P. S., Chaudhry, I. B., & Husain, N. (2017) · mHealth · doi:10.21037/mhealth.2017.07.03 · Cited by 55
“(21) which looked at the mobile assessment of psychotic symptoms coupled with a low intensity intervention and Ben-Zeev et al.”
BackgroundProblematic phone use, depression, and technology interference among mothers.
Newsham, G., Drouin, M. A., & McDaniel, B. T. (2018) · Psychology of Popular Media · doi:10.1037/ppm0000220 · Cited by 62
Predicting Negative Emotions Based on Mobile Phone Usage Patterns: An Exploratory Study
Hung, G. C., Yang, P.-C., Chang, C.-C., Chiang, J.-H., & Chen, Y. (2016) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/resprot.5551 · Cited by 51
“Several questionnaires pertaining to symptoms of depression have been implemented to mobile devices to help individuals track their emotional states [9-12].”
Measuring Psychiatric Symptoms Remotely: a Systematic Review of Remote Measurement-Based Care
Goldberg, S. B., Buck, B., Raphaely, S., & Fortney, J. C. (2018) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-018-0958-z · Cited by 51
Moore, S., Crompton, K., van Goozen, S. H. M., van den Bree, M. B. M., Bunney, J., & Lydall, E. S. (2013) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-1011 · Cited by 50
Hung, S., Li, M.-S., Chen, Y.-L., Chiang, J.-H., Chen, Y.-Y., & Hung, G. C.-L. (2016) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2016.08.003 · Cited by 46
“A low completion rate in our study may be owing to competition effect of other applications and an absence of instant feedback (Depp et al., 2010; Kramer et al., 2014).”
BackgroundUsing Contemporary Technologies in the Assessment and Treatment of Serious Mental Illness
Ben‐Zeev, D., Drake, R. E., Corrigan, P. W., Rotondi, A. J., Nilsen, W., & Depp, C. A. (2012) · American Journal of Psychiatric Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/15487768.2012.733295 · Cited by 47
“As yet, there are few published randomized clinical trials in SMI, and to our knowledge, only a handful of open trials (Depp et al., 2010; Myin-Germeys, Birchwood, & Kwapil, 2011; Pijnenborg, Withaar, Evans, van den Bosch, & Brouwer, 2007).”
BackgroundSelf-citationMobile Phone Text Message Interventions in Psychiatry - What are the Possibilities?
Agyapong, V. I. O., Farren, C. K., & McLoughlin, D. M. (2011) · Current Psychiatry Reviews · doi:10.2174/157340011795945847 · Cited by 46
“Thirdly, the sample sizes of text message trials reported in psychiatry [16, 19, 20] are relatively small at the moment (n ranges from 10 to 31).”
BackgroundInfluentialUse of mobile technology in a community mental health setting
Glick, G., Druss, B., Pina, J., Lally, C., & Conde, M. (2016) · Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare · doi:10.1177/1357633x15613236 · Cited by 46
“People with serious mental illness (SMI) may be a particularly important target of these interventions.(2) Individuals with SMI die approximately 10 years earlier than the general population(3) due, in part, to poor medical care and limited self-management of medical conditions.”
BackgroundTechnology and Mental Health: State of the Art for Assessment and Treatment
Harvey, P. D., Depp, C. A., Rizzo, A., Strauss, G. P., Spelber, D., Carpenter, L. L., Kalin, N. H., Krystal, J. H., McDonald, W. M., Nemeroff, C. B., et al. (2022) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21121254 · Cited by 54
Self-citationMcColl, L. D., Rideout, P. E., Parmar, T. N., & Abba‐Aji, A. (2014) · Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne · doi:10.1037/a0038095 · Cited by 46
Jonathan, G., Carpenter-Song, E. A., Brian, R. M., & Ben-Zeev, D. (2019) · Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal · doi:10.1037/prj0000337 · Cited by 45
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Depp, C. A., Mausbach, B., Granholm, E., Cardenas, V., Ben-Zeev, D., Patterson, T. L., Lebowitz, B. D., & Jeste, D. V.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
- Corresponding author
- Depp, Colin A.
- Mausbach, Brent
- Granholm, Eric
- Patterson, Thomas L.
- Lebowitz, Barry D.
- Jeste, Dilip V.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease
- Published
- 2010-10
- Volume
- 198
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 715-721
- ISSN
- 0022-3018 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3215591
- OpenAlex
- W1991576326
- Cited by
- 265
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 25.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (P30MH080002, MH084967, MH077225, R34MH091260, K23MH077225, MH80002, MH091260, R01MH084967)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- mobile-based interventions, severe mental illness, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, self-management, ecological momentary assessment, text messaging, case management, functional skills training, group therapy, personal digital assistants, participant attrition, feasibility, adherence, participant satisfaction, technology barriers
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Bipolar Disorder, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Feasibility Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Psychotherapy, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Self Care, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic, Evidence-Based Medicine, Computers, Handheld, Cell Phone
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