Smartphone data as an electronic biomarker of illness activity in bipolar disorder
Abstract
Objectives Objective methods are lacking for continuous monitoring of illness activity in bipolar disorder. Smartphones offer unique opportunities for continuous monitoring and automatic collection of real-time data. The objectives of the paper were to test the hypotheses that (i) daily electronic self-monitored data and (ii) automatically generated objective data collected using smartphones correlate with clinical ratings of depressive and manic symptoms in patients with bipolar disorder. Methods Software for smartphones (the MONARCA I system) that collects automatically generated objective data and self-monitored data on illness activity in patients with bipolar disorder was developed by the authors. A total of 61 patients aged 18-60 years and with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder according to ICD-10 used the MONARCA I system for six months. Depressive and manic symptoms were assessed monthly using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 17-item (HDRS-17) and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), respectively. Data are representative of over 400 clinical ratings. Analyses were computed using linear mixed-effect regression models allowing for both between individual variation and within individual variation over time. Results Analyses showed significant positive correlations between the duration of incoming and outgoing calls/day and scores on the HDRS-17, and significant positive correlations between the number and duration of incoming calls/day and scores on the YMRS; the numbe…
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Digital mood-tracking applications allow individuals to track mood fluctuations, medication adherence, and sleep patterns, providing insights into treatment strategies.
“These apps allow individuals to track mood fluctuations, medication adherence, and sleep patterns, providing insights into treatment strategies [58].”
From The Impact of Social Media & Technology on Child and Adolescent Mental Health (2025) · cites this paper as [58]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Faurholt‐Jepsen, M., Vinberg, M., Frost, M., Christensen, E. M., Bardram, J. E., & Kessing, L. V.
- Affiliations
- Mental Health Services (DK)
- IT University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Faurholt‐Jepsen, Maria
- ORCID
- Venue
- Bipolar Disorders
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-09-23
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 715-728
- ISSN
- 1398-5647 (ISSN-L)
- 1399-5618
- OpenAlex
- W2171995598
- Cited by
- 169
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 11.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Bipolar Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Orbit (Technical University of Denmark, DTU) (submittedVersion)
- IT University Of Copenhagen (IT University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Seventh Framework Programme
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Keywords
- bipolar disorder, smartphone data, call duration, text messaging, self-monitoring, depressive symptoms, manic symptoms, real-time data acquisition
- MeSH terms
- Smartphone, Adolescent, Adult, Bipolar Disorder, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Middle Aged, Monitoring, Physiologic, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Statistics as Topic, Diagnostic Self Evaluation, Patient Acuity
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