Disturbed Sleep and Inflammatory Cytokines in Depressed and Nondepressed Pregnant Women: An Exploratory Analysis of Pregnancy Outcomes
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OBJECTIVE: Disturbed sleep and depression are potential risk factors for pregnancy complications. Both conditions are known to dysregulate biological pathways responsible for maintaining homeostatic balance and pregnancy health. Depression during pregnancy is associated with poor sleep. Thus, we explored whether disturbed sleep was associated with inflammatory cytokines and risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes, as well as whether depression augmented the sleep-cytokine relationship, thereby additively contributing to risk for adverse outcomes. METHODS: Interview-assessed sleep and plasma cytokine concentrations were evaluated in a cohort of depressed and nondepressed pregnant women (n = 168) at 20 and 30 weeks' gestation. Outcomes evaluated included preterm birth, birth weight, and peripartum events. RESULTS: Among depressed women, short sleep duration (<7 hours) was associated with higher interleukin (IL)-8 across time (β = 0.506, p = .001), poor sleep efficiency (<85%) was associated with higher IL-6 (β = 0.205, p = .006), and daytime naps were associated with higher tumor necrosis factor α (β = 0.105, p = .024). Aspects of poor sleep were associated with having a lower weight baby (p values <.053). Among depressed women, interferon-γ increased risk for preterm birth (odds ratio = 1.175, p = .032). Trends for IL-6 and higher birth weight (β = 105.2, p = .085), interferon-γ and lower birth weight (β = -19.92, p < .069), and increased IL-8 and babies weighing less than 4000 grams (odds ratio = 0.72, p < .083) were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Although speculative, disturbed sleep may disrupt normal immune processes and contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Exploratory analyses indicate that depression modifies these relationships.
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A number of smaller scale studies (<200 participants) support an association between self-reported indices of sleep disturbances and CRP levels.
“A number of smaller scale studies (<200 participants) also support an association between self-reported indices of sleep disturbances and CRP levels”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [408]
Several studies did not find an association between cytokines (TNF, IL-6) and sleep disturbances.
“several studies did not find an association between cytokines (TNF, IL-6) and sleep disturbances”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [408]
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- Authors
- Okun, M. L., Luther, J. F., Wisniewski, S. R., & Wisner, K. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Okun, Michele L.
- Venue
- Psychosomatic Medicine
- Published
- 2013-09
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 670-681
- ISSN
- 0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3926698
- OpenAlex
- W2063850958
- Cited by
- 94
- References
- 103
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 7.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychosomatic Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000005)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01-MH-60335, R01MH060335)
- National Cancer Institute (P30CA047904)
- National Institute of Nursing Research (R00NR010813)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Preterm Birth and Chorioamnionitis
- Keywords
- sleep disorders, antenatal depression, inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, TNF-α, interferon-gamma, preterm birth, birth weight, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, daytime napping, adverse pregnancy outcomes, immune dysregulation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Birth Weight, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Pregnancy Outcome, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Sleep Wake Disorders, Cohort Studies, Cytokines, Premature Birth, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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