Self-reported sleep quality is associated with the metabolic syndrome
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine whether a simple, structured self-report of overall sleep quality is associated with the presence of the metabolic syndrome and its component risk factors. DESIGN: An observational, cross-sectional study comparing global scores on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index with concurrently collected measures of the components of the metabolic syndrome and presence or absence of the syndrome. The metabolic syndrome criterion of the American Heart Association/National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute was adopted. SETTING: University laboratory. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred ten volunteers with a mean age of 46 years (57% men) screened for the presence of serious illness and related medications. INTERVENTIONS: N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: All analyses were adjusted for sex and age. Logistic regression showed that poor global sleep-quality scores on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were related significantly to the presence of the metabolic syndrome-an increase of the global sleep score of 2.6 points (approximately 1 SD) was associated with an odds of having the metabolic syndrome of 1.44 (p = .04, confidence interval = 1.01-2.06). Linear-regression results showed that the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index global sleep-quality score was related significantly to waist circumference, body mass index, percentage of body fat, serum levels of insulin and glucose, and estimated insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported global sleep quality is significantly related to the metabolic syndrome and several of its core components.
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While sleep-disordered breathing is strongly associated with metabolic syndrome, the evidence for insomnia is limited and inconsistent.
“While SDB is strongly associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS), the evidence for insomnia is limited and inconsistent(63, 183, 184).”
From Sleep: important considerations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2016) · cites this paper as [183]
Many observational studies have found cross-sectional associations indicating a higher prevalence of diabetes among short sleepers and among those with poor subjective sleep quality.
“Many have found cross-sectional associations that indicated a higher prevalence of diabetes among short sleepers (7–9) and among those with poor subjective sleep quality (10,11).”
From Cross-Sectional Associations Between Measures of Sleep and Markers of Glucose Metabolism Among Subjects With and Without Diabetes (2011) · cites this paper as [10]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Jennings, J. R., Muldoon, M. F., Hall, M., Buysse, D. J., & Manuck, S. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jennings, J. Richard
- Venue
- Sleep
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2007-02
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 219-223
- ISSN
- 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9109
- OpenAlex
- W2400988532
- Cited by
- 344
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 20.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- SLEEP (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P01HL40962, P01HL040962)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000056)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- sleep quality, metabolic syndrome, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, self-reported sleep, insulin resistance, waist circumference, body mass index, body fat percentage, insulin, glucose, cardiovascular risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Antihypertensive Agents, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin Resistance, Cholesterol, HDL, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sleep, Triglycerides, Body Mass Index, Prevalence, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive, Metabolic Syndrome
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