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Transmembrane protein 97 is a potential synaptic amyloid beta receptor in human Alzheimer’s disease
Preprint — published as 10.1007/s00401-023-02679-6 · Paper page
Abstract
Synapse loss correlates with cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease, and soluble oligomeric amyloid beta is implicated in synaptic dysfunction and loss. An important knowledge gap is the lack of understanding of how amyloid beta leads to synapse degeneration. In particular, there has been difficulty in determining whether there is a synaptic receptor that binds amyloid beta and mediates toxicity. While many candidates have been observed in model systems, their relevance to human AD brain remains unknown. This is in part due to methodological limitations preventing visualization of amyloid beta binding at individual synapses. To overcome this limitation, we combined two high resolution microscopy techniques: array tomography and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) to image over 1 million individual synaptic terminals in temporal cortex from AD (n=9) and age matched control cases (n=6). Within postsynaptic densities, amyloid beta generates a FRET signal with transmembrane protein 97, cellular prion protein, and postsynaptic density 95. Transmembrane protein 97 is also present in a higher proportion of postsynapses in Alzheimer’s brain compared to controls. Further, we inhibited amyloid beta / transmembrane protein 97 interaction in a mouse model of amyloidopathy by treating with the an allosteric modulator CT1812 or vehicle. CT1812 drug concentration correlated negatively with synaptic FRET signal between transmembrane protein 97 and amyloid beta. In human induced pluripotent stem cell derived neurons challenged with human Alzheimer’s brain homogenate, transmembrane protein 97 and amyloid beta are present in synapses. Transcriptional changes are induced by Aβ including changes in genes involved in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. CT1812 treatment of these neurons caused changes in gene sets involved in synaptic function. These data support a role for transmembrane protein 97 in the synaptic binding of amyloid beta in human Alzheimer’s disease brain where it may mediate synaptotoxicity.
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S2R is closely associated and interacts with key proteins to exert its functions, including PGRMC1 and LDLR.
“S2R has been shown to be closely associated and interact with key proteins to exert its functions, including PGRMC1 and LDLR [65,66].”
From Sigma-2 Receptors—From Basic Biology to Therapeutic Target: A Focus on Age-Related Degenerative Diseases (2023) · cites this paper as [65]
S2R (TMEM97) has been demonstrated using Förster resonance energy transfer to colocalize with amyloid-β in synaptic densities.
“Consistent with a role of S2R in synapses and in Alzheimer’s disease [69], S2R (TMEM97) has been demonstrated using Förster resonance energy transfer to colocalize with amyloid-β in synaptic densities [65].”
From Sigma-2 Receptors—From Basic Biology to Therapeutic Target: A Focus on Age-Related Degenerative Diseases (2023) · cites this paper as [65]
In the case of Alzheimer's disease, at least two reports suggest that TMEM97 is upregulated in synapses.
“however, in the case of Alzheimer’s disease, at least two reports suggest that TMEM97 is upregulated in synapses [65,69].”
From Sigma-2 Receptors—From Basic Biology to Therapeutic Target: A Focus on Age-Related Degenerative Diseases (2023) · cites this paper as [65]
TMEM97 expression is significantly increased by approximately 1.5-fold in Alzheimer's disease and is localized to an increased proportion of approximately 1.8-fold of synapses in brain tissue from individuals with Alzheimer's disease compared with healthy controls.
“Moreover, TMEM97 expression is significantly increased by ~1.5-fold in Alzheimer’s disease and is localized to an increased proportion (~1.8-fold) of synapses in brain tissue from individuals with Alzheimer’s disease when compared with healthy controls [65]”
From Sigma-2 Receptors—From Basic Biology to Therapeutic Target: A Focus on Age-Related Degenerative Diseases (2023) · cites this paper as [65]
The interaction of S2R with amyloid-β in synapses is reduced in a dose-dependent manner in the presence of the S2R modulator CT1812.
“The interaction of S2R with amyloid-β in synapses is reduced in a dose-dependent manner in the presence of the S2R modulator CT1812 [65].”
From Sigma-2 Receptors—From Basic Biology to Therapeutic Target: A Focus on Age-Related Degenerative Diseases (2023) · cites this paper as [65]
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Lizama, B. N., Kahle, J., Catalano, S. M., Caggiano, A. O., Grundman, M., & Hamby, M. E. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24076251 · Cited by 54
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Metadata
- Authors
- Colom-Cadena, M., Toombs, J., Simzer, E., Tulloch, J., Jackson, R. J., Catterson, J. H., Rose, J., Waybright, L., Caggiano, A. O., Davies, C., Hooley, M., Dunnett, S., Tempelaar, R., Tzioras, M., Hamby, M. E., Izzo, N. J., Catalano, S. M., Smith, C., Dando, O., & Spires-Jones, T. L.
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- openRxiv
- Published
- 2021-02-01
- Cited by
- 6
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- Preprint
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