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Adaptive thermogenesis in adipocytes: Is beige the new brown?
Open accessAbstract
One of the most promising areas in the therapeutics for metabolic diseases centers around activation of the pathways of energy expenditure. Brown adipose tissue is a particularly appealing target for increasing energy expenditure, given its amazing capacity to transform chemical energy into heat. In addition to classical brown adipose tissue, the last few years have seen great advances in our understanding of inducible thermogenic adipose tissue, also referred to as beige fat. A deeper understanding of the molecular processes involved in the development and function of these cell types may lead to new therapeutics for obesity, diabetes, and other metabolic diseases.
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“Brite adipocytes can express UCP1 and, as such, can participate in the maintenance of body temperature 90.”
From Inter‐organ communication: a gatekeeper for metabolic health (2019) · cites this paper as [90]
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“This process is characterized by the appearance of brite (from brown‐in‐white) adipocytes, also called beige adipocytes, mainly in subcutaneous WAT.”
From Inter‐organ communication: a gatekeeper for metabolic health (2019) · cites this paper as [90]
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“Cold exposure, hormones, enzymes, transcription factors, and microRNAs have recently been shown to drive the so-called browning process [37,38].”
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“Current concepts of adipose heterogeneity also include the distinctions between white, brown, and beige/brite adipocytes (11, 12).”
BackgroundAdaptive thermogenesis enhances the life-threatening response to heat in mice with an Ryr1 mutation
Wang, H. J., Lee, C. S., Yee, R. S. Z., Groom, L. A., Friedman, I., Babcock, L. W., Georgiou, D. K., Hong, J., Hanna, A. D., Recio, J., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18865-z · Cited by 26
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“…and MC4R genes are involved in the regulation of appetite and energy intake (Adan et al. 2006; Fawcett and Barroso 2010; Olszewski et al. 2009), while PPARG and APOA5 mediate adaptive thermogenesis (Wu, Cohen, and Spiegelman 2013) and lipoprotein metabolism (Su, Kong, and Peng 2018) respectively.”
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“In the cell, glucose will be utilized by the DNL pathway (251,252), stored as glycogen, or oxidized in the TCA cycle to feed the electric transport chain during thermogenesis activation (253).”
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“In addition, the activation of thermogenesis, a process by which white adipocytes (WAT) transform into beige adipocytes and increase energy expenditure, has received a great deal of interest in recent obesity prevention and treatment research [7].”
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“Recently, “BAT‐like” cells called beige or brite adipocytes were identified in white adipose tissue (WAT) depots after chemical or hormonal stimulations.(7) Both beige and brown adipocytes have the ability to burn lipid into heat through uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)– mediated uncoupled respiration, thereby enhancing”
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The Evolution of Mammalian Adipose Tissue
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UCP2 expression is associated with weight loss after hypocaloric diet intervention
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“White adipocytes store the excessive energy, while beige and brown adipocytes burn lipids to produce heat and thus counteract obesity (Bi et al., 2014; Wu et al., 2013).”
BackgroundGrail is involved in adipocyte differentiation and diet-induced obesity
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“Nonetheless, facultative thermogenesis is now seen as central to maintaining energy balance (Wu et al. 2013) and recent accounts of thermogenesis in brown and beige adipocytes recognise control from ‘other stimuli’ as well as cold exposure (Cohen and Spiegelman 2015) (Fig.”
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“Brown adipocytes (BAs) are known as the ability of thermogenesis, which is defined by their large quantity of mitochondria and dense vascularization [36, 37].”
BackgroundMolecular targets for management of diabetes: Remodelling of white adipose to brown adipose tissue
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“In addition to classical brown adipocytes existing in the interscapular and perirenal regions, inducible brown fat-like adipocytes expressing UCP1, which have been called “brite” or “beige” cells, are sporadically found in the subcutaneous WAT (sWAT) of rodents and humans under special conditions, such as cold exposur…”
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“It is a deacetylase involved in lipid mobilization from fat(129) that also promotes brown fat cellular remodeling,(130) thereby contributing to an increase in energy release.(131) A transcription”
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Highly recruited brown adipose tissue does not in itself protect against obesity
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Lactate shuttling drives the browning of white adipose tissue after burn
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“However, in response to stimulators such as agonists of the b-adrenergic receptor or peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-g (Ppar-g), they undergo a phenotypic change to enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and increase expression of functional Ucp1(4) as well as other thermogenic genes.(3,5) Thus, both classical bro…”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Wu, J., Cohen, P., & Spiegelman, B. M.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Venue
- Genes & Development
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 2013-02-01
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 234-250
- ISSN
- 0890-9369 (ISSN-L)
- 1549-5477
- PMC
- PMC3576510
- OpenAlex
- W2170874580
- Cited by
- 828
- References
- 204
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 64 · 2020: 64 · 2019: 72 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 91 · 2016: 73 · 2015: 98 · 2014: 91 · 2013: 46
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Genes & Development (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Foundation for the National Institutes of Health
- American Heart Association
- JPB Foundation
- National Institutes of Health (DK31405)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK031405, DK-31405, K01DK094824, RC4DK090861, DK90861, R37DK031405)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
- Keywords
- beige adipocytes, brown adipose tissue, thermogenesis, energy expenditure, adaptive thermogenesis, obesity, diabetes mellitus, metabolic disorders, adipogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Uncoupling Protein 1, Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Adipose Tissue, Brown, Humans, Ion Channels, Obesity, Adipocytes, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Thermogenesis, Mitochondrial Proteins
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