Adaptive thermogenesis in adipocytes: Is beige the new brown?

Brown Adipose Tissue: Function and Physiological Significance

CANNON, B., & NEDERGAARD, J. (2004) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00015.2003 · Cited by 6,433

A PGC1-α-dependent myokine that drives brown-fat-like development of white fat and thermogenesis

Boström, P., Wu, J., Jedrychowski, M. P., Korde, A., Ye, L., Lo, J. C., Rasbach, K. A., Boström, E. A., Choi, J. H., Long, J. Z., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10777 · Cited by 4,810

Identification and Importance of Brown Adipose Tissue in Adult Humans

Cypess, A. M., Lehman, S., Williams, G., Tal, I., Rodman, D., Goldfine, A. B., Kuo, F. C., Palmer, E. L., Tseng, Y.-H., Doria, A., et al. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0810780 · Cited by 4,399

A Cold-Inducible Coactivator of Nuclear Receptors Linked to Adaptive Thermogenesis

Puigserver, P., Wu, Z., Park, C. W., Graves, R., Wright, M., & Spiegelman, B. M. (1998) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81410-5 · Cited by 3,864

Cold-Activated Brown Adipose Tissue in Healthy Men

van Marken Lichtenbelt, W. D., Vanhommerig, J. W., Smulders, N. M., Drossaerts, J. M. A. F. L., Kemerink, G. J., Bouvy, N. D., Schrauwen, P., & Teule, G. J. J. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0808718 · Cited by 3,452

Beige Adipocytes Are a Distinct Type of Thermogenic Fat Cell in Mouse and Human

Wu, J., Boström, P., Sparks, L. M., Li, Y., Choi, J. H., Giang, A.-H., Khandekar, M. J., Virtanen, K. A., Nuutila, P., Schaart, G., et al. (2012) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.05.016 · Cited by 3,406

Functional Brown Adipose Tissue in Healthy Adults

Virtanen, K. A., Lidell, M. E., Orava, J., Heglind, M., Westergren, R., Niemi, T., Taittonen, M., Laine, J., Savisto, N.-J., Enerbäck, S., et al. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0808949 · Cited by 3,058

Transcriptional co-activator PGC-1α drives the formation of slow-twitch muscle fibres

Lin, J., Wu, H., Tarr, P. T., Zhang, C.-Y., Wu, Z., Boss, O., Michael, L. F., Puigserver, P., Isotani, E., Olson, E. N., et al. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature00904 · Cited by 2,546

PRDM16 controls a brown fat/skeletal muscle switch

Seale, P., Bjork, B., Yang, W., Kajimura, S., Chin, S., Kuang, S., Scimè, A., Devarakonda, S., Conroe, H. M., Erdjument-Bromage, H., et al. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07182 · Cited by 2,347 · cited 16×

Adipocyte dysfunctions linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.

Guilherme, A., Virbasius, J. V., Puri, V., & Czech, M. P. (2008) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm2391 · Cited by 2,292

Metabolic control through the PGC-1 family of transcription coactivators

Lin, J., Handschin, C., & Spiegelman, B. M. (2005) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2005.05.004 · Cited by 2,130 · cited 1×

FGF-21 as a novel metabolic regulator

Kharitonenkov, A., Shiyanova, T. L., Koester, A., Ford, A. M., Micanovic, R., Galbreath, E. J., Sandusky, G. E., Hammond, L. J., Moyers, J. S., Owens, R. A., et al. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci23606 · Cited by 2,125

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins

Chen, D., Zhao, M., & Mundy, G. R. (2004) · Growth Factors · doi:10.1080/08977190412331279890 · Cited by 1,921

Effects of an Rb mutation in the mouse

Jacks, T., Fazeli, A., Schmitt, E. M., Bronson, R. T., Goodell, M. A., & Weinberg, R. A. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/359295a0 · Cited by 1,755

Muscle injury activates resident fibro/adipogenic progenitors that facilitate myogenesis

Joe, A. W. B., Yi, L., Natarajan, A., Le Grand, F., So, L., Wang, J., Rudnicki, M. A., & Rossi, F. M. V. (2010) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb2015 · Cited by 1,690

Brown adipose tissue activity controls triglyceride clearance

Bartelt, A., Bruns, O. T., Reimer, R., Hohenberg, H., Ittrich, H., Peldschus, K., Kaul, M. G., Tromsdorf, U. I., Weller, H., Waurisch, C., et al. (2011) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2297 · Cited by 1,608

Endocrine Regulation of the Fasting Response by PPARα-Mediated Induction of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21

Inagaki, T., Dutchak, P., Zhao, G., Ding, X., Gautron, L., Parameswara, V., Li, Y., Goetz, R., Mohammadi, M., Esser, V., et al. (2007) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2007.05.003 · Cited by 1,504

Hepatic Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Is Regulated by PPARα and Is a Key Mediator of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Ketotic States

Badman, M. K., Pissios, P., Kennedy, A. R., Koukos, G., Flier, J. S., & Maratos-Flier, E. (2007) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2007.05.002 · Cited by 1,495

FGF21 regulates PGC-1α and browning of white adipose tissues in adaptive thermogenesis

Fisher, F. M., Kleiner, S., Douris, N., Fox, E. C., Mepani, R. J., Verdeguer, F., Wu, J., Kharitonenkov, A., Flier, J. S., Maratos-Flier, E., et al. (2012) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.177857.111 · Cited by 1,478 · cited 5×

CREB regulates hepatic gluconeogenesis through the coactivator PGC-1

Herzig, S., Long, F., Jhala, U. S., Hedrick, S., Quinn, R., Bauer, A., Rudolph, D., Schutz, G., Yoon, C., Puigserver, P., et al. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35093131 · Cited by 1,440

Mice lacking mitochondrial uncoupling protein are cold-sensitive but not obese

Enerbäck, S., Jacobsson, A., Simpson, E. M., Guerra, C., Yamashita, H., Harper, M.-E., & Kozak, L. P. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/387090a0 · Cited by 1,379

UCP1 Ablation Induces Obesity and Abolishes Diet-Induced Thermogenesis in Mice Exempt from Thermal Stress by Living at Thermoneutrality

Feldmann, H. M., Golozoubova, V., Cannon, B., & Nedergaard, J. (2009) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2008.12.014 · Cited by 1,318

Mesenchymal progenitors distinct from satellite cells contribute to ectopic fat cell formation in skeletal muscle

Uezumi, A., Fukada, S., Yamamoto, N., Takeda, S., & Tsuchida, K. (2010) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb2014 · Cited by 1,315

Prdm16 determines the thermogenic program of subcutaneous white adipose tissue in mice

Seale, P., Conroe, H. M., Estall, J. L., Kajimura, S., Frontini, A., Ishibashi, J., Cohen, P., Cinti, S., & Spiegelman, B. M. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci44271 · Cited by 1,273

Mice deficient for Rb are nonviable and show defects in neurogenesis and haematopoiesis

Lee, E. Y.-H. P., Chang, C.-Y., Hu, N., Wang, Y.-C. J., Lai, C., Herrup, K., Lee, W., & Bradley, A. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/359288a0 · Cited by 1,264

Chronic Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ (PPARγ) Activation of Epididymally Derived White Adipocyte Cultures Reveals a Population of Thermogenically Competent, UCP1-containing Adipocytes Molecularly Distinct from Classic Brown Adipocytes

Petrovic, N., Walden, T. B., Shabalina, I. G., Timmons, J. A., Cannon, B., & Nedergaard, J. (2010) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m109.053942 · Cited by 1,263

Increased Energy Expenditure, Decreased Adiposity, and Tissue-Specific Insulin Sensitivity in Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B-Deficient Mice

Klaman, L. D., Boss, O., Peroni, O. D., Kim, J. K., Martino, J. L., Zabolotny, J. M., Moghal, N., Lubkin, M., Kim, Y.-B., Sharpe, A. H., et al. (2000) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.20.15.5479-5489.2000 · Cited by 1,235

Transcriptional Control of Brown Fat Determination by PRDM16

Seale, P., Kajimura, S., Yang, W., Chin, S., Rohas, L. M., Uldry, M., Tavernier, G., Langin, D., & Spiegelman, B. M. (2007) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2007.06.001 · Cited by 1,174

Defects in Adaptive Energy Metabolism with CNS-Linked Hyperactivity in PGC-1α Null Mice

Lin, J., Wu, P.-H., Tarr, P. T., Lindenberg, K. S., St-Pierre, J., Zhang, C.-Y., Mootha, V. K., Jäger, S., Vianna, C. R., Reznick, R. M., et al. (2004) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2004.09.013 · Cited by 1,162

New role of bone morphogenetic protein 7 in brown adipogenesis and energy expenditure

Tseng, Y.-H., Kokkotou, E., Schulz, T. J., Huang, T. L., Winnay, J. N., Taniguchi, C. M., Tran, T. T., Suzuki, R., Espinoza, D. O., Yamamoto, Y., et al. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07221 · Cited by 1,099

Development of obesity in transgenic mice after genetic ablation of brown adipose tissue

Lowell, B. B., S-Susulic, V., Hamann, A., Lawitts, J. A., Himms-Hagen, J., Boyer, B. B., Kozak, L. P., & Flier, J. S. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/366740a0 · Cited by 1,075

FNDC5 and Irisin in Humans: I. Predictors of Circulating Concentrations in Serum and Plasma and II. mRNA Expression and Circulating Concentrations in Response to Weight Loss and Exercise

Huh, J. Y., Panagiotou, G., Mougios, V., Brinkoetter, M., Vamvini, M. T., Schneider, B. E., & Mantzoros, C. S. (2012) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2012.09.002 · Cited by 1,040

Alternatively activated macrophages produce catecholamines to sustain adaptive thermogenesis

Nguyen, K. D., Qiu, Y., Cui, X., Goh, Y. P. S., Mwangi, J., David, T., Mukundan, L., Brombacher, F., Locksley, R. M., & Chawla, A. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10653 · Cited by 1,038

Requirement for a functional Rb-1 gene in murine development

Clarke, A. R., Maandag, E. R., van ROON, M. A., van der Lugt, N. M. T., van der Valk, M., Hooper, M., Berns, A. J. M., & Rielef, H. T. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/359328a0 · Cited by 1,006

Identification of White Adipocyte Progenitor Cells In Vivo

Rodeheffer, M. S., Birsoy, K., & Friedman, J. M. (2008) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.09.036 · Cited by 980

PGC-1α protects skeletal muscle from atrophy by suppressing FoxO3 action and atrophy-specific gene transcription

Sandri, M., Lin, J., Handschin, C., Yang, W., Arany, Z. P., Lecker, S. H., Goldberg, A. L., & Spiegelman, B. M. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0607795103 · Cited by 974

Mechanism of Fatty-Acid-Dependent UCP1 Uncoupling in Brown Fat Mitochondria

Fedorenko, A., Lishko, P. V., & Kirichok, Y. (2012) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.09.010 · Cited by 968

Exercise induces transient transcriptional activation of the PGC‐1α gene in human skeletal muscle

Pilegaard, H., Saltin, B., & Neufer, P. D. (2003) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2002.034850 · Cited by 885

Cardiac natriuretic peptides act via p38 MAPK to induce the brown fat thermogenic program in mouse and human adipocytes

Bordicchia, M., Liu, D., Amri, E.-Z., Ailhaud, G., Dessì-Fulgheri, P., Zhang, C., Takahashi, N., Sarzani, R., & Collins, S. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci59701 · Cited by 872

Brown Remodeling of White Adipose Tissue by SirT1-Dependent Deacetylation of Pparγ

Qiang, L., Wang, L., Kon, N., Zhao, W., Lee, S., Zhang, Y., ROSENBAUM, M. S., Zhao, Y., Gu, W. J., Farmer, S. R., et al. (2012) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.06.027 · Cited by 816

βAR Signaling Required for Diet-Induced Thermogenesis and Obesity Resistance

Bachman, E. S., Dhillon, H., Zhang, C.-Y., Cinti, S., Bianco, A. C., Kobilka, B. K., & Lowell, B. B. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1073160 · Cited by 782

PPARγ agonists Induce a White-to-Brown Fat Conversion through Stabilization of PRDM16 Protein

Ohno, H., Shinoda, K., Spiegelman, B. M., & Kajimura, S. (2012) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2012.01.019 · Cited by 770

Autophagy regulates adipose mass and differentiation in mice

Singh, R., Xiang, Y., Wang, Y., Baikati, K., Cuervo, A. M., Luu, Y. K., Tang, Y., Pessin, J. E., Schwartz, G. J., & Czaja, M. J. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci39228 · Cited by 765

Myogenic gene expression signature establishes that brown and white adipocytes originate from distinct cell lineages

Timmons, J. A., Wennmalm, K., Larsson, O., Walden, T. B., Lassmann, T., Petrovic, N., Hamilton, D. L., Gimeno, R. E., Wahlestedt, C., Baar, K., et al. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0610615104 · Cited by 732

The presence of UCP1 demonstrates that metabolically active adipose tissue in the neck of adult humans truly represents brown adipose tissue

Zingaretti, M. C., Crosta, F., Vitali, A., Guerrieri, M., Frontini, A., Cannon, B., Nedergaard, J., & Cinti, S. (2009) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.09-133546 · Cited by 725

Brown fat and thermogenesis.

Smith, R. E., & Horwitz, B. A. (1969) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1969.49.2.330 · Cited by 715

In Vivo Identification of Bipotential Adipocyte Progenitors Recruited by β3-Adrenoceptor Activation and High-Fat Feeding

Lee, Y., Petkova, A. P., Mottillo, E. P., & Granneman, J. G. (2012) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2012.03.009 · Cited by 710

Protection from obesity and diabetes by blockade of TGF-β/smad3 signaling

Yadav, H., Quijano, C., Kamaraju, A. K., Gavrilova, O., Malek, R., Chen, W., Zerfas, P., Zhigang, D., Wright, E. C., Stuelten, C., et al. (2011) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2011.04.013 · Cited by 709

Initiation of myoblast to brown fat switch by a PRDM16–C/EBP-β transcriptional complex

Kajimura, S., Seale, P., Kubota, K., Lunsford, E., Frangioni, J. V., Gygi, S. P., & Spiegelman, B. M. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08262 · Cited by 703

Evidence for two types of brown adipose tissue in humans

Lidell, M. E., Betz, M. J., Leinhard, O. D., Heglind, M., Elander, L., Slawik, M., Mussack, T., Nilsson, D., Romu, T., Nuutila, P., et al. (2013) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3017 · Cited by 689

A PGC-1α isoform induced by resistance training regulates skeletal muscle hypertrophy

Ruas, J. L., White, J. P., Rao, R. R., Kleiner, S., Brannan, K. T., Harrison, B. C., Greene, N. P., Wu, J., Estall, J. L., Irving, B. A., et al. (2012) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.10.050 · Cited by 677

The mitochondrial uncoupling-protein homologues

Krauss, S., Zhang, C., & Lowell, B. B. (2005) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm1592 · Cited by 670

Occurrence of brown adipocytes in rat white adipose tissue: molecular and morphological characterization

Cousin, B., Cinti, S., Morroni, M., Raimbault, S., Ricquier, D., Pénicaud, L., & Casteilla, L. (1992) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.103.4.931 · Cited by 665

Human BAT Possesses Molecular Signatures That Resemble Beige/Brite Cells

Sharp, L. Z., Shinoda, K., Ohno, H., Scheel, D. W., Tomoda, E., Ruiz, L., Hu, H., Wang, L. L., Pavlova, Z., Gilsanz, V., et al. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049452 · Cited by 652

Complementary action of the PGC-1 coactivators in mitochondrial biogenesis and brown fat differentiation

Uldry, M., Yang, W., St‐Pierre, J., Lin, J. D., Seale, P., & Spiegelman, B. M. (2006) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2006.04.002 · Cited by 651

Emergence of brown adipocytes in white fat in mice is under genetic control. Effects on body weight and adiposity.

Guerra, C., Koza, R. A., Yamashita, H., Walsh, K., & Kozak, L. P. (1998) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci3155 · Cited by 635

Evidence for a role of developmental genes in the origin of obesity and body fat distribution.

Gesta, S., Blüher, M., Yamamoto, Y., Norris, A., Berndt, J., Kralisch, S., Boucher, J., Lewis, C., & Kahn, C. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · doi:10.1073/pnas.0601752103 · Cited by 635

Mitochondrial remodeling in adipose tissue associated with obesity and treatment with rosiglitazone.

Wilson-Fritch, L., Nicoloro, S., Chouinard, M., Lazar, M. A., Chui, P. C., Leszyk, J., Straubhaar, J., Czech, M. P., & Corvera, S. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci21752 · Cited by 616

The distribution of brown adipose tissue in the human.

Heaton, J. M. (1972) · PubMed · Cited by 606

Multilocular fat cells in WAT of CL-316243-treated rats derive directly from white adipocytes

Himms-Hagen, J., Melnyk, A., Zingaretti, M. C., Ceresi, E., Barbatelli, G., & Cinti, S. (2000) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.2000.279.3.c670 · Cited by 593

Recruited vs. nonrecruited molecular signatures of brown, “brite,” and white adipose tissues

Waldén, T. B., Hansen, I. R., Timmons, J. A., Cannon, B., & Nedergaard, J. (2011) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00249.2011 · Cited by 591

Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 Increases Metabolic Rate and Reverses Dietary and Leptin-Deficient Diabetes

Fu, L., John, L. M., Adams, S. H., Yu, X. X., Tomlinson, E., Renz, M. E., Williams, P. M., Soriano, R. H., Corpuz, R. T., Moffat, B., et al. (2004) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2003-1671 · Cited by 584

Master Transcription Factors Determine Cell-Type-Specific Responses to TGF-β Signaling

Mullen, A. C., Orlando, D. A., Newman, J. J., Lovén, J., Kumar, R., Bilodeau, S., Reddy, J., Guenther, M. G., DeKoter, R. P., & Young, R. A. (2011) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.08.050 · Cited by 580

Outdoor Temperature, Age, Sex, Body Mass Index, and Diabetic Status Determine the Prevalence, Mass, and Glucose-Uptake Activity of 18F-FDG-Detected BAT in Humans

Ouellet, V., Routhier-Labadie, A., Bellemare, W., Lakhal‐Chaieb, L., Turcotte, É. E., Carpentier, A. C., & Richard, D. (2010) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2010-0989 · Cited by 578

BMP8B Increases Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis through Both Central and Peripheral Actions

Whittle, A. J., Carobbio, S., Martins, L., Slawik, M., Hondares, E., Vázquez, M. J., Morgan, D., Csikasz, R. I., Gallego, R., Rodriguez-Cuenca, S., et al. (2012) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.02.066 · Cited by 573

FOXC2 Is a Winged Helix Gene that Counteracts Obesity, Hypertriglyceridemia, and Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance

Cederberg, A., Grønning, L. M., Åhrén, B., Taskén, K., Carlsson, P., & Enerbäck, S. (2001) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00474-3 · Cited by 557

Desnutrin/ATGL Is Regulated by AMPK and Is Required for a Brown Adipose Phenotype

Ahmadian, M., Abbott, M. J., Tang, T., Hudak, C. S. S., Kim, Y., Bruss, M. D., Hellerstein, M. K., Lee, H., Samuel, V. T., Shulman, G. I., et al. (2011) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2011.05.002 · Cited by 536

Natriuretic peptides: a new lipolytic pathway in human adipocytes

Sengenès, C., Berlan, M., de Glisezinski, I., Lafontan, M., & Galitzky, J. (2000) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.14.10.1345 · Cited by 531

Identification of inducible brown adipocyte progenitors residing in skeletal muscle and white fat

Schulz, T. J., Huang, T. L., Tran, T. T., Zhang, H., Townsend, K. L., Shadrach, J. L., Cerletti, M., McDougall, L. E., Giorgadze, N., Tchkonia, T., et al. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1010929108 · Cited by 479

Acquirement of brown fat cell features by human white adipocytes

Tiraby, C., Tavernier, G., Lefort, C., Larrouy, D., Bouillaud, F., Ricquier, D., & Langin, D. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m305235200 · Cited by 474 · cited 1×

Cidea-deficient mice have lean phenotype and are resistant to obesity

Zhou, Z., Toh, S. Y., Chen, Z., Guo, K., Ng, C. P., Ponniah, S., Lin, S., Hong, W., & Li, P. (2003) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1225 · Cited by 468

Regulation of the brown and white fat gene programs through a PRDM16/CtBP transcriptional complex

Kajimura, S., Seale, P., Tomaru, T., Erdjument-Bromage, H., Cooper, M. P., Ruas, J. L., Chin, S., Tempst, P., Lazar, M. A., & Spiegelman, B. M. (2008) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.1666108 · Cited by 468 · cited 3×

Cyclooxygenase-2 Controls Energy Homeostasis in Mice by de Novo Recruitment of Brown Adipocytes

Vegiopoulos, A., Müller‐Decker, K., Strzoda, D., Schmitt, I. M., Chichelnitskiy, E., Ostertag, A., Díaz, M. B., Rozman, J., de Angelis, M. H., Nüsing, R. M., et al. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1186034 · Cited by 463

Mitochondrial biogenesis and remodeling during adipogenesis and in response to the insulin sensitizer rosiglitazone.

Wilson-Fritch, L., Burkart, A., Bell, G., Mendelson, K., Leszyk, J., Nicoloro, S., Czech, M., & Corvera, S. (2003) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.23.3.1085-1094.2003 · Cited by 459

Endurance Training in Humans Leads to Fiber Type-Specific Increases in Levels of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Coactivator-1 and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α in Skeletal Muscle

Russell, A. P., Feilchenfeldt, J. W., Schreiber, S., Praz, M., Crettenand, A., Gobelet, C., Meier, C. A., Bell, D., Kralli, A., Giacobino, J., et al. (2003) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.12.2874 · Cited by 451

SRC-1 and TIF2 Control Energy Balance between White and Brown Adipose Tissues

Picard, F., Géhin, M., Annicotte, J., Rocchi, S., Champy, M., O’Malley, B. W., Chambon, P., & Auwerx, J. H. (2002) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(02)01169-8 · Cited by 444

GCN5 acetyltransferase complex controls glucose metabolism through transcriptional repression of PGC-1α

Lerin, C., Rodgers, J. T., Kalume, D. E., Kim, S.-H., Pandey, A., & Puigserver, P. (2006) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2006.04.013 · Cited by 443

Physical activity and resting metabolic rate

Speakman, J. R., & Selman, C. (2003) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1079/pns2003282 · Cited by 441

Impact of Age on the Relationships of Brown Adipose Tissue With Sex and Adiposity in Humans

Pfannenberg, C., Werner, M. K., Ripkens, S., Stef, I., Deckert, A., Schmadl, M., Reimold, M., Häring, H., Claussen, C. D., & Stefan, N. (2010) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db10-0004 · Cited by 428

Fibroblast growth factor 21 promotes bone loss by potentiating the effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ

Wei, W., Dutchak, P. A., Wang, X., Ding, X., Wang, X., Bookout, A. L., Goetz, R., Mohammadi, M., Gerard, R. D., Dechow, P. C., et al. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1200797109 · Cited by 426

Adipose tissue reduction in mice lacking the translational inhibitor 4E-BP1

Tsukiyama–Kohara, K., Poulin, F., Kohara, M., DeMaria, C. T., Cheng, A., Wu, Z., Gingras, A., Katsume, A., Elchebly, M., Spiegelman, B. M., et al. (2001) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1001-1128 · Cited by 392

White to Brown Fat Phenotypic Switch Induced by Genetic and Environmental Activation of a Hypothalamic-Adipocyte Axis

Cao, L., Choi, E., Liu, X., Martin, A. S., Wang, C., Xu, X., & During, M. J. (2011) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2011.06.020 · Cited by 390

Brown Adipose Tissue in Morbidly Obese Subjects

Vijgen, G. H. E. J., Bouvy, N. D., Teule, G. J. J., Brans, B. T., Schrauwen, P., & Lichtenbelt, W. D. V. M. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017247 · Cited by 390

Human Brown Adipose Tissue

Enerbäck, S. (2010) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2010.03.008 · Cited by 382

Retinaldehyde represses adipogenesis and diet-induced obesity

Ziouzenkova, O., Orasanu, G., Sharlach, M., Akiyama, T. E., Berger, J. P., Viereck, J. C., Hamilton, J. A., Tang, G., Dolnikowski, G. G., Vogel, S., et al. (2007) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1587 · Cited by 380

Inducible lineage tracing of Pax7‐descendant cells reveals embryonic origin of adult satellite cells

Lepper, C., & Fan, C. (2010) · genesis · doi:10.1002/dvg.20630 · Cited by 377

Hepatic FGF21 Expression Is Induced at Birth via PPARα in Response to Milk Intake and Contributes to Thermogenic Activation of Neonatal Brown Fat

Hondares, E., Rosell, M., Gonzalez, F. J., Giralt, M., Iglesias, R., & Villarroya, F. (2010) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2010.02.001 · Cited by 377

Brown adipose tissue in the parametrial fat pad of the mouse

Young, P., Arch, J. R. S., & Ashwell, M. (1984) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(84)80822-4 · Cited by 377

Nuclear receptor corepressor RIP140 regulates fat accumulation

Leonardsson, G., Steel, J. H., Christian, M., Pocock, V., Milligan, S., Bell, J., So, P.-W., Medina-Gomez, G., Vidal-Puig, A., White, R., et al. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0401013101 · Cited by 366

PGC-1α regulates the neuromuscular junction program and ameliorates Duchenne muscular dystrophyPreprint

Handschin, C., Kobayashi, Y. M., Chin, S., Seale, P., Campbell, K. P., & Spiegelman, B. M. (2007) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.1525107 · Cited by 365

PTEN Loss in the Myf5 Lineage Redistributes Body Fat and Reveals Subsets of White Adipocytes that Arise from Myf5 Precursors

Sánchez-Gurmaches, J., Hung, C., Sparks, C. A., Tang, Y., Li, H., & Guertin, D. A. (2012) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2012.08.003 · Cited by 360

Pten positively regulates brown adipose function, energy expenditure, and longevity

Ortega-Molina, A., Efeyan, A., Lopez-Guadamillas, E., Muñoz-Martin, M., Gómez-López, G., Cañamero, M., Mulero, F., Pastor, J., Martinez, S., Romanos, E., et al. (2012) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2012.02.001 · Cited by 356

TRPV4 Is a Regulator of Adipose Oxidative Metabolism, Inflammation, and Energy Homeostasis

Li, Y., Kleiner, S., Wu, J., Sah, R., Gupta, R. K., Banks, A. S., Cohen, P., Khandekar, M. J., Boström, P., Mepani, R. J., et al. (2012) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.08.034 · Cited by 353

The Protein Kinase IKKɛ Regulates Energy Balance in Obese Mice

Chiang, S.-H., Bazuine, M., Lumeng, C. N.-K., Geletka, L. M., Mowers, J. C., White, N. M. A., Ma, J.-T., Zhou, J., Qi, N., Westcott, D. J., et al. (2009) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.06.046 · Cited by 348

Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, transforming growth factor-beta1, and BMI are closely associated in human adipose tissue during morbid obesity.

Alessi, M. C., Bastelica, D., Morange, P., Berthet, B., Leduc, I., Verdier, M., Geel, O., & Juhan-Vague, I. (2000) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.49.8.1374 · Cited by 344

A critical appraisal of the prevalence and metabolic significance of brown adipose tissue in adult humans

Lee, P., Greenfield, J. R., Ho, K. K. Y., & FULHAM, M. J. (2010) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00298.2010 · Cited by 323

Implications of nonshivering thermogenesis for energy balance regulation in humans

Lichtenbelt, W. D. V. M., & Schrauwen, P. (2011) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00652.2010 · Cited by 318

Mir193b–365 is essential for brown fat differentiation

Sun, L., Xie, H., Mori, M. A., Alexander, R., Yuan, B., Hattangadi, S. M., Liu, Q., Kahn, C. R., & Lodish, H. F. (2011) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb2286 · Cited by 313

Cold but not sympathomimetics activates human brown adipose tissue in vivo

Cypess, A. M., Chen, Y., Sze, C., Wang, K., English, J., Chan, O., Holman, A. R., Tal, I., Palmer, M. R., Kolodny, G. M., et al. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1207911109 · Cited by 312

Rb regulates fate choice and lineage commitment in vivo

Calo, E., Quintero-Estades, J. A., Danielian, P. S., Nedelcu, S., Berman, S. D., & Lees, J. A. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09264 · Cited by 312

The Unfolded Protein Response Mediates Adaptation to Exercise in Skeletal Muscle through a PGC-1α/ATF6α Complex

Wu, J., Ruas, J. L., Estall, J. L., Rasbach, K. A., Choi, J. H., Ye, L., Boström, P., Tyra, H. M., Crawford, R. W., Campbell, K. P., et al. (2011) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2011.01.003 · Cited by 312

The Emerging Genetic Architecture of Type 2 Diabetes

Doria, A., Patti, M., & Kahn, C. R. (2008) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2008.08.006 · Cited by 308

Elevated Expression of Transforming Growth Factor-β in Adipose Tissue from Obese Mice

Samad, F., Yamamoto, K., Pandey, M., & Loskutoff, D. J. (1997) · Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf03401666 · Cited by 303

Hedgehog Partial Agonism Drives Warburg-like Metabolism in Muscle and Brown Fat

Teperino, R., Amann, S., Bayer, M., McGee, S. L., Loipetzberger, A., Connor, T., Jaeger, C., Kammerer, B., Winter, L., Wiche, G., et al. (2012) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.09.021 · Cited by 297

A Role for Brown Adipose Tissue in Diet‐Induced Thermogenesis

Rothwell, N. J., & Stock, M. J. (1997) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1002/j.1550-8528.1997.tb00591.x · Cited by 296

Development of insulin resistance in mice lacking PGC-1α in adipose tissues

Kleiner, S., Mepani, R. J., Laznik, D., Li, Y., Jurczak, M. J., Jornayvaz, F. R., Estall, J. L., Bhowmick, D. C., Shulman, G. I., & Spiegelman, B. M. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1207287109 · Cited by 291

Genetic variability affects the development of brown adipocytes in white fat but not in interscapular brown fat

Xue, B., Rim, J.-S., Hogan, J. C., Coulter, A. A., Koza, R. A., & Kozak, L. P. (2007) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m600287-jlr200 · Cited by 288

Retinoblastoma protein functions as a molecular switch determining white versus brown adipocyte differentiation

Hansen, J. B., Jørgensen, C., Petersen, R. K., Hallenborg, P., De Matteis, R., Bøye, H. A., Petrovic, N., Enerbäck, S., Nedergaard, J., Cinti, S., et al. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0301964101 · Cited by 287

A PPARγ-FGF1 axis is required for adaptive adipose remodelling and metabolic homeostasis

Jonker, J., Suh, J. M., Atkins, A., Ahmadian, M., Li, P., Whyte, J., He, M., Juguilon, H., Yin, Y.-Q., Phillips, C. T., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10998 · Cited by 286

Brown adipose tissue and heat production in the newborn infant

Aherne, W., & Hull, D. (1966) · The Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology · doi:10.1002/path.1700910126 · Cited by 284

Brown Adipose Tissue and Seasonal Variation in Humans

Au-Yong, I. T. H., Thorn, N., Ganatra, R. H., Perkins, A. C., & Symonds, M. E. (2009) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db09-0833 · Cited by 272

Loss of mitochondrial protease OMA1 alters processing of the GTPase OPA1 and causes obesity and defective thermogenesis in mice

Quirós, P. M., Ramsay, A. J., Sala, D., Fernández‐Vizarra, E., Rodríguez, F., Peinado, J. R., Fernández‐García, M. S., Vega, J. A., Enríquez, J. A., Zorzano, A., et al. (2012) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/emboj.2012.70 · Cited by 269

Up-regulation of mitochondrial activity and acquirement of brown adipose tissue-like property in the white adipose tissue of fsp27 deficient mice

Toh, S. Y., Gong, J., Du, G., Li, J. Z., Yang, S., Ye, J., Yao, H., Zhang, Y., Xue, B., Li, Q., et al. (2008) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002890 · Cited by 267

MyomiR-133 regulates brown fat differentiation through Prdm16

Trajkovski, M., Ahmed, K., Esau, C., & Stoffel, M. (2012) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb2612 · Cited by 263

Orexin Is Required for Brown Adipose Tissue Development, Differentiation, and Function

Sellayah, D., Bharaj, P., & Sikder, D. (2011) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2011.08.010 · Cited by 259

Cold‐Induced Recruitment of Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis

Klingenspor, M. (2003) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/eph8802508 · Cited by 258

Expression of natriuretic peptide receptors in human adipose and other tissues

Sarzani, P., Dessı̀-Fulgheri, P., Paci, V. M., Espinosa, E., & RAPPELLI, A. (1996) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/bf03349021 · Cited by 254

Adipose-specific deletion of TFAM increases mitochondrial oxidation and protects mice against obesity and insulin resistance

Vernochet, C., Mourier, A., Bezy, O., Macotela, Y., Boucher, J., Rardin, M. J., An, D., Lee, K. Y., Ilkayeva, O. R., Zingaretti, C. M., et al. (2012) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2012.10.016 · Cited by 245

Remodeling of White Adipose Tissue after Retinoic Acid Administration in Mice

Mercader, J., Ribot, J., Murano, I., Felipe, F., Cinti, S., Bonet, M. L., & Palou, A. (2006) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2006-0760 · Cited by 244

Essential Role for miR-196a in Brown Adipogenesis of White Fat Progenitor Cells

Mori, M., Nakagami, H., Rodriguez-Araujo, G., Nimura, K., & Kaneda, Y. (2012) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001314 · Cited by 243

Activation of the cold-sensing TRPM8 channel triggers UCP1-dependent thermogenesis and prevents obesity

Ma, S., Yu, H., Zhao, Z., Luo, Z., Chen, J., Ni, Y., Jin, R., Ma, L., Wang, P., Zhu, Z., et al. (2012) · Journal of Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1093/jmcb/mjs001 · Cited by 241

Suppression of oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis by the transcriptional corepressor RIP140 in mouse adipocytes

Powelka, A. M. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci26040 · Cited by 236

The so‐called hibernating gland

Rasmussen, A. T. (1923) · Journal of Morphology · doi:10.1002/jmor.1050380106 · Cited by 227

Twist-1 Is a PPARδ-Inducible, Negative-Feedback Regulator of PGC-1α in Brown Fat Metabolism

Pan, D., Fujimoto, M., Lopes, A., & Wang, Y. (2009) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.01.051 · Cited by 224

Increase in Brown Adipose Tissue Activity after Weight Loss in Morbidly Obese Subjects

Vijgen, G. H. E. J., Bouvy, N. D., Teule, G. J. J., Brans, B. T., Hoeks, J., Schrauwen, P., & Lichtenbelt, W. D. V. M. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2012-1289 · Cited by 218

Emerging Roles for the Transforming Growth Factor-β Superfamily in Regulating Adiposity and Energy Expenditure

Zamani, N., & Brown, C. (2010) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2010-0018 · Cited by 214

Brown adipose tissue uncoupling protein content in human infants, children and adults

Lean, M. E. J., James, W. P. T., Jennings, G., & Trayhurn, P. (1986) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs0710291 · Cited by 213

Knockdown of NPY Expression in the Dorsomedial Hypothalamus Promotes Development of Brown Adipocytes and Prevents Diet-Induced Obesity

Chao, P.-T., Yang, L., Aja, S. M., Moran, T. H., & Bi, S. (2011) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2011.02.019 · Cited by 213

Adipocyte differentiation and transdifferentiation: plasticity of the adipose organ.

Cinti, S. (2002) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/bf03344046 · Cited by 213

Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 regulates a thermogenic program in white adipose tissue

Kiefer, F. W., Vernochet, C., O’Brien, P., Spoerl, S., Brown, J. D., Nallamshetty, S., Zeyda, M., Stulnig, T. M., Cohen, D. E., Kahn, C. R., et al. (2012) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2757 · Cited by 210

Sex-dependent Thermogenesis, Differences in Mitochondrial Morphology and Function, and Adrenergic Response in Brown Adipose Tissue

Rodrı́guez-Cuenca, S., Pujol, E., Justo, R., Frontera, M., Oliver, J., Gianotti, M., & Roca, P. (2002) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m207229200 · Cited by 206

Exercise ameliorates high-fat diet-induced metabolic and vascular dysfunction, and increases adipocyte progenitor cell population in brown adipose tissue

Xu, X., Ying, Z., Cai, M., Xu, Z., Li, Y., Jiang, S. Y., Tzan, K., Wang, A., Parthasarathy, S., He, G., et al. (2011) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00806.2010 · Cited by 206

The genetic ablation of SRC-3 protects against obesity and improves insulin sensitivity by reducing the acetylation of PGC-1α

Coste, A., Louet, J.-F., Lagouge, M., Lerin, C., Antal, M. C., Meziane, H., Schoonjans, K., Puigserver, P., O'Malley, B. W., & Auwerx, J. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0808207105 · Cited by 205

C/EBPα and the Corepressors CtBP1 and CtBP2 Regulate Repression of Select Visceral White Adipose Genes during Induction of the Brown Phenotype in White Adipocytes by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Agonists

Vernochet, C., Peres, S. B., Davis, K. E., McDonald, M. E., Qiang, L., Wang, H., Scherer, P. E., & Farmer, S. R. (2009) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.01899-08 · Cited by 201

Rb and p107 regulate preadipocyte differentiation into white versus brown fat through repression of PGC-1α

Scimè, A., Grenier, G., Huh, M. S., Gillespie, M. A., Bevilacqua, L., Harper, M.-E., & Rudnicki, M. A. (2005) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2005.10.002 · Cited by 199

Expression of the Irisin Precursor FNDC5 in Skeletal Muscle Correlates With Aerobic Exercise Performance in Patients With Heart Failure

Lecker, S. H., Zavin, A., Cao, P., Arena, R. A., Allsup, K., Daniels, K. M., Joseph, J., Schulze, P. C., & Forman, D. E. (2012) · Circulation Heart Failure · doi:10.1161/circheartfailure.112.969543 · Cited by 199

Natriuretic peptides: a new lipolytic pathway in human adipocytes

Sengenès, C. (2000) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.14.10.1345 · Cited by 199

Systemic β-Adrenergic Stimulation of Thermogenesis Is Not Accompanied by Brown Adipose Tissue Activity in Humans

Vosselman, M. J., van der Lans, A. A. J. J., Brans, B. T., Wierts, R., van Baak, M. A., Schrauwen, P., & Lichtenbelt, W. D. V. M. (2012) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db12-0288 · Cited by 185

RIP140-Targeted Repression of Gene Expression in Adipocytes

Christian, M., Kiskinis, E., Debevec, D., Leonardsson, G., White, R., & Parker, M. G. (2005) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.25.21.9383-9391.2005 · Cited by 184

Transcriptional Synergy and the Regulation of Ucp1 during Brown Adipocyte Induction in White Fat Depots

Xue, B., Coulter, A. A., Rim, J. S., Koza, R. A., & Kozak, L. P. (2005) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.25.18.8311-8322.2005 · Cited by 179

Atrial natriuretic peptide contributes to the physiological control of lipid mobilization in humans

Moro, C., Crampes, F., Sengenès, C., de Glisezinski, I., Galitzky, J., Thalamas, C., Lafontan, M., & Berlan, M. (2004) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.03-1086fje · Cited by 176

Activation of Thermogenesis in Brown Adipose Tissue and Dysregulated Lipid Metabolism Associated with Cancer Cachexia in Mice

Tsoli, M., Moore, M. M., Burg, D. W., Painter, A., Taylor, R., Lockie, S. H., Turner, N. A., Warren, A., Cooney, G., Oldfield, B. J., et al. (2012) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-3536 · Cited by 174

Wnt10b Inhibits Obesity in ob/ob and Agouti Mice

Hahn, W. S., Longo, K. A., Dolinsky, V. W., Gerin, I., Kang, S., Bennett, C. N., Chiang, S.-H., Prestwich, T. C., Gress, C., Burant, C., et al. (2007) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db06-1339 · Cited by 172

Schnurri-2 Controls BMP-Dependent Adipogenesis via Interaction with Smad Proteins

Jin, W., Takagi, T., Kanesashi, S.-N., Kurahashi, T., Nomura, T., Harada, J., & Ishii, S. (2006) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2006.02.016 · Cited by 170

Production of Functional Classical Brown Adipocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells using Specific Hemopoietin Cocktail without Gene Transfer

Nishio, M., Yoneshiro, T., Nakahara, M., Suzuki, S., Saeki, K., Hasegawa, M., Kawai, Y., Akutsu, H., Umezawa, A., Yasuda, K., et al. (2012) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2012.08.001 · Cited by 169

A novel gene, MEL1, mapped to 1p36.3 is highly homologous to the MDS1/EVI1 gene and is transcriptionally activated in t(1;3)(p36;q21)-positive leukemia cells

Mochizuki, N., Shimizu, S., Nagasawa, T., Tanaka, H., Taniwaki, M., Yokota, J., & Morishita, K. (2000) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v96.9.3209 · Cited by 168

A new thiazolidinedione, NC-2100, which is a weak PPAR-gamma activator, exhibits potent antidiabetic effects and induces uncoupling protein 1 in white adipose tissue of KKAy obese mice.

Fukui, Y., Masui, S., Osada, S., Umesono, K., & Motojima, K. (2000) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.49.5.759 · Cited by 168

The Brain Renin-Angiotensin System Controls Divergent Efferent Mechanisms to Regulate Fluid and Energy Balance

Grobe, J. L., Grobe, C. L., Beltz, T. G., Westphal, S. G., Morgan, D. A., Xu, D., de Lange, W. J., Li, H., Sakai, K., Thedens, D. R., et al. (2010) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2010.09.011 · Cited by 167

A Functional Interaction between RIP140 and PGC-1α Regulates the Expression of the Lipid Droplet Protein CIDEA

Hallberg, M., Morganstein, D. L., Kiskinis, E., Shah, K., Kralli, A., Dilworth, S. M., White, R., Parker, M. G., & Christian, M. (2008) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.00504-08 · Cited by 166

Transforming Growth Factor β1 release by human adipose tissue is enhanced in obesity

Fain, J. N., Tichansky, D. S., & Madan, A. K. (2005) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2005.05.024 · Cited by 165

Effects of Short Term Glucocorticoid Administration in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Comparison to Sarcoidosis*

Breslau, N. A., Zerwekh, J. E., Nicar, M. J., & Pak, C. Y. C. (1982) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-54-4-803 · Cited by 164

Secreted frizzled-related protein 5 suppresses adipocyte mitochondrial metabolism through WNT inhibition

Mori, H., Prestwich, T. C., Reid, M. A., Longo, K. A., Gerin, I., Cawthorn, W. P., Susulic, V. S., Krishnan, V., Greenfield, A., & MacDougald, O. A. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci63604 · Cited by 162

PPAR-γ Activation Mediates Adipose Depot−Specific Effects on Gene Expression and Lipoprotein Lipase Activity

Laplante, M., Sell, H., MacNaul, K. L., Richard, D., Berger, J. P., & Deshaies, Y. (2003) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.2.291 · Cited by 153

A novel EVI1 gene family, MEL1, lacking a PR domain (MEL1S) is expressed mainly in t(1;3)(p36;q21)-positive AML and blocks G-CSF–induced myeloid differentiation

Nishikata, I., Sasaki, H., Iga, M., Tateno, Y., Imayoshi, S., Asou, N., Nakamura, T., & Morishita, K. (2003) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2002-12-3944 · Cited by 145

A Role for the Melatonin-Related Receptor GPR50 in Leptin Signaling, Adaptive Thermogenesis, and Torpor

Bechtold, D. A., Sidibé, A., Saer, B., Li, J., Hand, L. E., Ivanova, E. A., Darras, V., Dam, J., Jockers, R., Luckman, S. M., et al. (2011) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.11.043 · Cited by 144

Brown adipose tissue in patients with phaeochromocytoma.

Lean, M. E. J., James, W. P. T., Jennings, G., & Trayhurn, P. (1986) · PubMed · Cited by 142

Impaired thermogenesis and adipose tissue development in mice with fat-specific disruption of insulin and IGF-1 signalling

Boucher, J., Mori, M. A., Lee, K. Y., Smyth, G., Liew, C. W., Macotela, Y., Rourk, M., Bluher, M., Russell, S. J., & Kahn, C. R. (2012) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms1905 · Cited by 142

Effects of Wnt Signaling on Brown Adipocyte Differentiation and Metabolism Mediated by PGC-1α

Kang, S., Bajnok, L., Longo, K. A., Petersen, R. K., Hansen, J. B., Kristiansen, K., & MacDougald, O. A. (2005) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.25.4.1272-1282.2005 · Cited by 136

Blockade of the Activin Receptor IIB Activates Functional Brown Adipogenesis and Thermogenesis by Inducing Mitochondrial Oxidative Metabolism

Fournier, B., Murray, B., Gutzwiller, S., Marcaletti, S., Marcellin, D., Bergling, S., Brachat, S., Persohn, E., Pierrel, E., Bombard, F., et al. (2012) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.06575-11 · Cited by 130

Ablation of the very‐long‐chain fatty acid elongase ELOVL3 in mice leads to constrained lipid storage and resistance to diet‐induced obesity

Zach‐Avec, D., Brolinson, A., Fisher, R. M., Carneheim, C., Csikasz, R. I., Bertrand‐Michel, J., Borén, J., Guillou, H., Rudling, M., & Jacobsson, A. (2010) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.09-152298 · Cited by 117

Oncogenic steroid receptor coactivator-3 is a key regulator of the white adipogenic program

Louet, J., Coste, A., Amazit, L., Tannour‐Louet, M., Wu, R., Tsai, S. Y., Tsai, M., Auwerx, J. H., & O’Malley, B. W. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0608711103 · Cited by 114

C/EBPβ Reprograms White 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes to a Brown Adipocyte Pattern of Gene Expression

Karamanlidis, G., Karamitri, A., Docherty, K., Hazlerigg, D. G., & Lomax, M. A. (2007) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m703101200 · Cited by 113

A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Treating Obesity through Modulation of TGFβ Signaling

Koncarevic, A., Kajimura, S., Cornwall-Brady, M. R., Andreucci, A., Pullen, A. E., Sako, D., Kumar, R., Grinberg, A. V., Liharska, K., Ucran, J. A., et al. (2012) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2012-1016 · Cited by 111

Epididymal white adipose tissue after cold stress in rats II. Mitochondrial changes

Lonćar, D., Afzelius, B. A., & Cannon, B. (1988) · Journal of Ultrastructure and Molecular Structure Research · doi:10.1016/0889-1605(88)90010-9 · Cited by 111

Plac8 Is an Inducer of C/EBPβ Required for Brown Fat Differentiation, Thermoregulation, and Control of Body Weight

Jimenez-Preitner, M., Berney, X. P., Uldry, M., Vitali, A., Cinti, S., Ledford, J. G., & Thorens, B. (2011) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2011.08.008 · Cited by 110

Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase-Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Cross Talk Regulates Brown Adipocyte Differentiation

Vila‐Bedmar, R., Lorenzo, M., & Fernández‐Veledo, S. (2010) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2009-0810 · Cited by 108

2-Arachidonoylglycerol Signaling in Forebrain Regulates Systemic Energy Metabolism

Jung, K., Clapper, J. R., Fu, J., D’Agostino, G., Guijarro, A. I., Thongkham, D., Avanesian, A., Astarita, G., DiPatrizio, N. V., Frontini, A., et al. (2012) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2012.01.021 · Cited by 107

Insulin Resistance in the Defense against Obesity

Saltiel, A. R. (2012) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2012.03.001 · Cited by 105

Androgens and metabolic syndrome: Lessons from androgen receptor knock out (ARKO) mice

Yanase, T., Fan, W., Kyoya, K., Min, L., Takayanagi, R., Kato, S., & Nawata, H. (2008) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2008.03.017 · Cited by 101

Liver X Receptor α Is a Transcriptional Repressor of the Uncoupling Protein 1 Gene and the Brown Fat Phenotype

Wang, H., Zhang, Y., Yehuda‐Shnaidman, E., Medvedev, A. V., Kumar, N., Daniel, K. W., Robidoux, J., Czech, M., Mangelsdorf, D. J., & Collins, S. (2008) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.01479-07 · Cited by 101

Aberrant expression of the MEL1S gene identified in association with hypomethylation in adult T-cell leukemia cells

Yoshida, M., Nosaka, K., Yasunaga, J., Nishikata, I., Morishita, K., & Matsuoka, M. (2003) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2003-07-2482 · Cited by 100

Minireview: Cracking the Metabolic Code for Thyroid Hormone Signaling

Bianco, A. C. (2011) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2011-1104 · Cited by 98

Targeted deletion of thioesterase superfamily member 1 promotes energy expenditure and protects against obesity and insulin resistance

Zhang, Y., Li, Y., Niepel, M. W., Kawano, Y., Han, S., Liu, S., Marsili, A., Larsen, P. R., Lee, C., & Cohen, D. E. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1116011109 · Cited by 98

Adipose tissue stem cells: the great WAT hope

Cawthorn, W. P., Scheller, E. L., & MacDougald, O. A. (2012) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2012.01.003 · Cited by 97

Brown adipose tissue in humans

Enerbäck, S. (2010) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2010.183 · Cited by 94

Heterogeneous time-dependent response of adipose tissue during the development of cancer cachexia

Júnior, M. L. B., das Neves, R. X., Peres, S. B., Yamashita, A. S., Shida, C. S., Farmer, S. R., & Seelaender, M. C. L. (2012) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-12-0307 · Cited by 85

Fibroblast Growth Factor-16 Is a Growth Factor for Embryonic Brown Adipocytes

Konishi, M., Mikami, T., Yamasaki, M., Miyake, A., & Itoh, N. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.275.16.12119 · Cited by 82

Epididymal white adipose tissue after cold stress in rats I. Nonmitochondrial changes

Lonćar, D., Afzelius, B. A., & Cannon, B. (1988) · Journal of Ultrastructure and Molecular Structure Research · doi:10.1016/0889-1605(88)90001-8 · Cited by 82

Beige differentiation of adipose depots in mice lacking prolactin receptor protects against high‐fat‐diet‐induced obesity

Auffret, J., Viengchareun, S., Carré, N., Denis, R., Magnan, C., Marie, P., Muscat, A., Fève, B., Lombès, M., & Binart, N. (2012) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.12-204958 · Cited by 81

Detecting brown adipose tissue activity with BOLD MRI in mice

Khanna, A., & Branca, R. T. (2012) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.24118 · Cited by 80

Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Receptor-related Protein 6 (LRP6) Regulates Body Fat and Glucose Homeostasis by Modulating Nutrient Sensing Pathways and Mitochondrial Energy Expenditure

Liu, W., Singh, R., Choi, C. S., Lee, H., Keramati, A. R., Samuel, V. T., Lifton, R. P., Shulman, G. I., & Mani, A. (2012) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m111.286724 · Cited by 78

Synergistic Gene Interactions Control the Induction of the Mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein (Ucp1) Gene in White Fat Tissue

Koza, R. A., Hohmann, S. M., Guerra, C. E., Rossmeisl, M., & Kozak, L. P. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m002136200 · Cited by 76

Adipocyte-Specific Overexpression of FOXC2 Prevents Diet-Induced Increases in Intramuscular Fatty Acyl CoA and Insulin Resistance

Kim, J. K., Kim, H., Park, S., Cederberg, A., Westergren, R., Nilsson, D., Higashimori, T., Cho, Y.-R., Liu, Z., Dong, J., et al. (2005) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.6.1657 · Cited by 75

The effect of intermittent cold treatment on the adipose tissue of the cat

Lonćar, D., Bedrica, L., Mayer, J., Cannon, B., Nedergaard, J., Afzelius, B. A., & Švajger, A. (1986) · Journal of Ultrastructure and Molecular Structure Research · doi:10.1016/s0889-1605(86)80012-x · Cited by 74

Mice lacking δ‐opioid receptors resist the development of diet‐induced obesity

Czyzyk, T. A., Romero, A., Pintar, J. E., McKinzie, J. H., Tschöp, M. H., Statnick, M. A., & Nogueiras, R. (2012) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.12-208041 · Cited by 73

Resistance to Obesity by Repression of VEGF Gene Expression through Induction of Brown-Like Adipocyte Differentiation

Lü, X., Ji, Y., Zhang, L., Zhang, Y., Zhang, S., An, Y., Liu, P., & Zheng, Y. (2012) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2012-1151 · Cited by 70

The aging myostatin null phenotype: reduced adiposity, cardiac hypertrophy, enhanced cardiac stress response, and sexual dimorphism

Jackson, M. F., Luong, D., Vang, D. D., Garikipati, D. K., Stanton, J. B., Nelson, O. L., & Rodgers, B. D. (2012) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-11-0455 · Cited by 69

Decreased Brown Adipocyte Recruitment and Thermogenic Capacity in Mice with Impaired Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (P465L PPARγ) Function

Gray, S. L., Nora, E. D., Backlund, E. C., Manieri, M., Virtue, S., Noland, R. C., O’Rahilly, S., Cortright, R. N., Cinti, S., Cannon, B., et al. (2006) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2006-0684 · Cited by 66

Atrial natriuretic peptide stimulates lipid mobilization during repeated bouts of endurance exercise

Moro, C., Polak, J., Hejnová, J., Klimčáková, E., Crampes, F., Štich, V., Lafontan, M., & Berlan, M. (2005) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00348.2005 · Cited by 64

Differential regulation of fatty acid elongation enzymes in brown adipocytes implies a unique role forElovl3during increased fatty acid oxidation

Jakobsson, A., Jörgensen, J. A., & Jacobsson, A. (2005) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00045.2005 · Cited by 63

Dietary fat interacts with QTLs controlling induction ofPgc-1α andUcp1during conversion of white to brown fat

Coulter, A. A., Bearden, C. M., Liu, X., Koza, R. A., & Kozak, L. P. (2003) · Physiological Genomics · doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00057.2003 · Cited by 62

Deficiency of Growth Differentiation Factor 3 Protects against Diet-Induced Obesity by Selectively Acting on White Adipose

Shen, J. J., Huang, L., Li, L., Jorgez, C. J., Matzuk, M. M., & Brown, C. (2008) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/me.2007-0322 · Cited by 59

Mechanisms of FOXC2- and FOXD1-mediated Regulation of the RIα Subunit of cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Include Release of Transcriptional Repression and Activation by Protein Kinase Bα and cAMP

Dahle, M. K., Grønning, L. M., Cederberg, A., Blomhoff, H. K., Miura, N., Enerbäck, S., Taskén, K. A., & Taskén, K. (2002) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m200131200 · Cited by 49

TGF-β/Smad3 Signaling Regulates Brown Adipocyte Induction in White Adipose Tissue

Yadav, H., & Rane, S. G. (2012) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2012.00035 · Cited by 49

Comparative analysis of atrial natriuretic peptide receptor expression in rat tissues

Sarzani, R., Paci, V. M., Dess??-Fulgheri, P., Espinosa, E., & RAPPELLI, A. (1993) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-199312050-00086 · Cited by 48

In Vivo Noninvasive Characterization of Brown Adipose Tissue Blood Flow by Contrast Ultrasound in Mice

Baron, D. M., Clerté, M., Brouckaert, P., Raher, M. J., Flynn, A. W., Zhang, H., Carter, E. A., Picard, M. H., Bloch, K. D., Buys, E. S., et al. (2012) · Circulation Cardiovascular Imaging · doi:10.1161/circimaging.112.975607 · Cited by 46

Ablation of NG2 Proteoglycan Leads to Deficits in Brown Fat Function and to Adult Onset Obesity

Chang, Y., She, Z., Sakimura, K., Roberts, A. J., Kuchárová, K., Rowitch, D. H., & Stallcup, W. B. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030637 · Cited by 42

18F-Fluorobenzyl Triphenyl Phosphonium: A Noninvasive Sensor of Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis

Madar, I., Isoda, T., Finley, P. A., Angle, J., & Wahl, R. L. (2011) · Journal of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.2967/jnumed.110.084657 · Cited by 42

Brown and beige fat: Development, function and therapeutic potential

Harms, M., & Seale, P. (2013) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3361 · Cited by 2,328

Obesity

González‐Muniesa, P., Martínez‐González, M. Á., Hu, F. B., Després, J., Matsuzawa, Y., Loos, R. J. F., Moreno, L. A., Bray, G. A., & Martínez, J. A. (2017) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/nrdp.2017.34 · Cited by 1,184

Brown and Beige Fat: Physiological Roles beyond Heat Generation

Kajimura, S., Spiegelman, B. M., & Seale, P. (2015) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.09.007 · Cited by 1,028

Ablation of PRDM16 and Beige Adipose Causes Metabolic Dysfunction and a Subcutaneous to Visceral Fat Switch

Cohen, P., Levy, J. D., Zhang, Y., Frontini, A., Kolodin, D., Svensson, K. J., Lo, J. C., Zeng, X., Ye, L., Khandekar, M. J., et al. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.12.021 · Cited by 889

Eosinophils and Type 2 Cytokine Signaling in Macrophages Orchestrate Development of Functional Beige Fat

Qiu, Y., Nguyen, K. D., Odegaard, J. I., Cui, X., Tian, X., Locksley, R. M., Palmiter, R. D., & Chawla, A. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.066 · Cited by 888

Brown and beige fat: Development, function and therapeutic potential

Harms, M., & Seale, P. (2013) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3361 · Cited by 2,328

Therapeutic Perspectives of Thermogenic Adipocytes in Obesity and Related Complications

Wang, C., & Wei, Y. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22137177 · Cited by 28

Beige Fat Maintenance; Toward a Sustained Metabolic Health

Rabiee, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00634 · Cited by 53

Induction of thermogenic adipocytes: molecular targets and thermogenic small molecules

Song, N.-J., Chang, S., Li, D. Y., Villanueva, C. J., & Park, K. W. (2017) · Experimental & Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/emm.2017.70 · Cited by 81

Browning and thermogenic programing of adipose tissue

Kiefer, F. W. (2016) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2016.09.003 · Cited by 41