16p11.2 deletion mice display cognitive deficits in touchscreen learning and novelty recognition tasks
Open accessAbstract
Chromosomal 16p11.2 deletion syndrome frequently presents with intellectual disabilities, speech delays, and autism. Here we investigated the Dolmetsch line of 16p11.2 heterozygous (+/−) mice on a range of cognitive tasks with different neuroanatomical substrates. Robust novel object recognition deficits were replicated in two cohorts of 16p11.2+/− mice, confirming previous findings. A similarly robust deficit in object location memory was discovered in +/−, indicating impaired spatial novelty recognition. Generalizability of novelty recognition deficits in +/− mice extended to preference for social novelty. Robust learning deficits and cognitive inflexibility were detected using Bussey–Saksida touchscreen operant chambers. During acquisition of pairwise visual discrimination, +/− mice required significantly more training trials to reach criterion than wild-type littermates (+/+), and made more errors and correction errors than +/+. In the reversal phase, all +/+ reached criterion, whereas most +/− failed to reach criterion by the 30-d cutoff. Contextual and cued fear conditioning were normal in +/−. These cognitive phenotypes may be relevant to some aspects of cognitive impairments in humans with 16p11.2 deletion, and support the use of 16p11.2+/− mice as a model system for discovering treatments for cognitive impairments in 16p11.2 deletion syndrome.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Mild motor deficits are present in 16p11.2+/− models, consistent with human phenotypes.
“Mild motor deficits are also present in these models [4, 61, 68], consistent with human phenotypes.”
From 16p11.2 Copy Number Variations and Neurodevelopmental Disorders (2020) · cites this paper as [68]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Structural Variation of Chromosomes in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Marshall, C. R., Noor, A., Vincent, J. B., Lionel, A. C., Feuk, L., Skaug, J., Shago, M., Moessner, R., Pinto, D., Ren, Y., et al. (2008) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.12.009 · Cited by 1,815 · see citing works
Association between Microdeletion and Microduplication at 16p11.2 and Autism
Weiss, L. A., Shen, Y., Korn, J. M., Arking, D. E., Miller, D. T., Fossdal, R., Saemundsen, E., Stefansson, H., Ferreira, M. A. R., Green, T., et al. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa075974 · Cited by 1,666 · see citing works
Moy, S. S., Nadler, J. J., Perez, A., Barbaro, R. P., Johns, J. M., Magnuson, T. R., Piven, J., & Crawley, J. N. (2004) · Genes, Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1601-1848.2004.00076.x · Cited by 1,545 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Preference for social novelty was tested in the three-chamber apparatus, using methods previously described (Moy et al. 2004; Silverman et al. 2011; Yang et al. 2011, 2012, 2015a).”
MethodSelf-citationRobbins, T. W., James, M., Owen, A. M., Sahakian, B. J., McInnes, L., & Rabbitt, P. (1994) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000106735 · Cited by 1,078 · see citing works
Oxytocin in the Medial Amygdala is Essential for Social Recognition in the Mouse
Ferguson, J. N., Aldag, J. M., Insel, T. R., & Young, L. J. (2001) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-20-08278.2001 · Cited by 1,043 · see citing works
Oxytocin and the Neural Mechanisms Regulating Social Cognition and Affiliative Behavior
Ross, H. E., & Young, L. J. (2009) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2009.05.004 · Cited by 856 · see citing works
CNVs conferring risk of autism or schizophrenia affect cognition in controls
Stefansson, H., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Steinberg, S., Magnusdottir, B., Morgen, K., Arnarsdottir, S., Bjornsdottir, G., Walters, G. B., Jonsdottir, G. A., Doyle, O. M., et al. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12818 · Cited by 699 · see citing works
Ennaceur, A., Neave, N., & Aggleton, J. P. (1997) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/pl00005603 · Cited by 670 · see citing works
The pharmacology, neuroanatomy and neurogenetics of one-trial object recognition in rodents
Dere, E., Huston, J. P., & Silva, M. A. D. S. (2007) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.01.005 · Cited by 669 · see citing works
Association Between Microdeletion and Microduplication at 16p11.2 and Autism
Weiss, L. A., Shen, Y., Korn, J. M., Arking, D. E., Miller, D. T., Fossdal, R., Sæmundsen, E., Stefánsson, H., Ferreira, M. A. R., Green, T. J., et al. (2008) · Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey · doi:10.1097/01.ogx.0000316305.61461.6f · Cited by 647 · see citing works
Automated Three‐Chambered Social Approach Task for Mice
Yang, M., Silverman, J. L., & Crawley, J. N. (2011) · Current Protocols in Neuroscience · doi:10.1002/0471142301.ns0826s56 · Cited by 598 · see citing works
Self-citationWinters, B. D., Forwood, S., Cowell, R. A., Saksida, L. M., & Bussey, T. J. (2004) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1346-04.2004 · Cited by 588 · see citing works
Shinawi, M., Liu, P., Kang, S.-H. L., Shen, J., Belmont, J. W., Scott, D. A., Probst, F. J., Craigen, W. J., Graham, B. H., Pursley, A., et al. (2010) · Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1136/jmg.2009.073015 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
The neuroendocrine basis of social recognition
Ferguson, J. N., Young, L. J., & Insel, T. R. (2002) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1006/frne.2002.0229 · Cited by 494 · see citing works
RAGOZZINO, M. E. (2007) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1401.013 · Cited by 482 · see citing works
Guilmatre, A., Dubourg, C., Mosca, A.-L., Legallic, S., Goldenberg, A., Drouin-Garraud, V., Layet, V., Rosier, A., Briault, S., Bonnet-Brilhault, F., et al. (2009) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.80 · Cited by 429 · see citing works
Examining Object Location and Object Recognition Memory in Mice
Ciernia, A. V., & Wood, M. A. (2014) · Current Protocols in Neuroscience · doi:10.1002/0471142301.ns0831s69 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
The touchscreen operant platform for testing learning and memory in rats and mice
Horner, A. E., Heath, C. J., Hvoslef‐Eide, M., Kent, B. A., Kim, C. H., Nilsson, S. R. O., Alsiö, J., Oomen, C. A., Holmes, A., Saksida, L. M., et al. (2013) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/nprot.2013.122 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
Yang, M., Bozdagi, O., Scattoni, M. L., Wöhr, M., Roullet, F. I., Katz, A. M., Abrams, D. N., Kalikhman, D., Simon, H., Woldeyohannes, L., et al. (2012) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.6107-11.2012 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Self-citationBissonette, G. B., Martins, G. J., Franz, T. M., Harper, E. S., Schoenbaum, G., & Powell, E. M. (2008) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2820-08.2008 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
An Efficient SNP System for Mouse Genome Scanning and Elucidating Strain RelationshipsPreprint
Petkov, P. M., Ding, Y., Cassell, M. A., Zhang, W., Wagner, G., Sargent, E. E., Asquith, S., Crew, V., Johnson, K. A., Robinson, P. S., et al. (2004) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.2825804 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Fernandez, B. A., Roberts, W., Chung, B., Weksberg, R., Meyn, S., Szatmari, P., Joseph-George, A. M., MacKay, S., Whitten, K., Noble, B., et al. (2010) · Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1136/jmg.2009.069369 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Dosage-dependent phenotypes in models of 16p11.2 lesions found in autism
Horev, G., Ellegood, J., Lerch, J. P., Son, Y.-E. E., Muthuswamy, L., Vogel, H., Krieger, A. M., Buja, A., Henkelman, R. M., Wigler, M., et al. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1114042108 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
A 600 kb deletion syndrome at 16p11.2 leads to energy imbalance and neuropsychiatric disorders
Zufferey, F., Sherr, E. H., Beckmann, N. D., Hanson, E., Maillard, A. M., Hippolyte, L., Macé, A., Ferrari, C., Kutalik, Z., Andrieux, J., et al. (2012) · Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1136/jmedgenet-2012-101203 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Bussey, T. J., Holmes, A., Lyon, L., Mar, A. C., McAllister, K. A. L., Nithianantharajah, J., Oomen, C. A., & Saksida, L. M. (2012) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.04.011 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Bijlsma, E. K., Gijsbers, A. C. J., Schuurs-Hoeijmakers, J. H. M., van Haeringen, A., Fransen van de Putte, D. E., Anderlid, B.-M., Lundin, J., Lapunzina, P., Pérez Jurado, L. A., Delle Chiaie, B., et al. (2009) · European Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ejmg.2009.03.006 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Hanson, E., Bernier, R., Porche, K., Jackson, F. I., Goin-Kochel, R. P., Snyder, L. G., Snow, A. V., Wallace, A. S., Campe, K. L., Zhang, Y., et al. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.04.021 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Vestibular defects in head-tilt mice result from mutations in Nox3 , encoding an NADPH oxidasePreprint
Paffenholz, R., Bergstrom, R. A., Pasutto, F., Wabnitz, P., Munroe, R. J., Jagla, W., Heinzmann, U., Marquardt, A., Bareiss, A., Laufs, J., et al. (2004) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.1172504 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Forwood, S., Winters, B. D., & Bussey, T. J. (2004) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.20059 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
The touchscreen cognitive testing method for rodents: How to get the best out of your rat
Bussey, T. J., Padain, T. L., Skillings, E. A., Winters, B. D., Morton, A. J., & Saksida, L. M. (2008) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.987808 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Bussey, T. J., Duck, J., Muir, J. L., & Aggleton, J. P. (2000) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(00)00155-8 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Portmann, T., Yang, M., Mao, R., Panagiotakos, G., Ellegood, J., Dolen, G., Bader, P. L., Grueter, B. A., Goold, C., Fisher, E., et al. (2014) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2014.03.036 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Self-citationA cognitive map for object memory in the hippocampusPreprint
Manns, J. R., & Eichenbaum, H. (2009) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.1484509 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Influence of gender on working and spatial memory in the novel object recognition task in the rat
Sutcliffe, J., Marshall, K. M., & Neill, J. C. (2006) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2006.10.029 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Rosenberg, C., Knijnenburg, J., Bakker, E., Vianna‐Morgante, A. M., Sloos, W. C. R., Otto, P. A., Kriek, M., Hansson, K. B. M., Krepischi, A. C. V., Fiegler, H., et al. (2005) · Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1136/jmg.2005.032268 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Sociability and motor functions in Shank1 mutant mice
Silverman, J. L., Turner, S. M., Barkan, C. L., Tolu, S. S., Saxena, R., Hung, A. Y., Sheng, M., & Crawley, J. N. (2011) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.09.026 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Self-citationRosenfeld, J. A., Coppinger, J., Bejjani, B. A., Girirajan, S., Eichler, E. E., Shaffer, L. G., & Ballif, B. C. (2010) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11689-009-9037-4 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Pucilowska, J., Vithayathil, J., Tavares, E. J., Kelly, C., Karlo, J. C., & Landreth, G. E. (2015) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4864-13.2015 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Chronic alcohol produces neuroadaptations to prime dorsal striatal learning
DePoy, L. M., Daut, R. A., Brigman, J. L., MacPherson, K. P., Crowley, N. A., Gunduz‐Cinar, O., Pickens, C. L., Çınar, R., Saksida, L. M., Kunos, G., et al. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1308198110 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Kesner, R. P., Hunt, M. E., Williams, J. M., & Long, J. M. (1996) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/6.2.311 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Opposing Brain Differences in 16p11.2 Deletion and Duplication Carriers
Qureshi, A. Y., Mueller, S., Snyder, A. Z., Mukherjee, P., Berman, J. I., Roberts, T. P. L., Nagarajan, S. S., Spiro, J. E., Chung, W. K., Sherr, E. H., et al. (2014) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1366-14.2014 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Kleschevnikov, A. M., Belichenko, P. V., Faizi, M., Jacobs, L. F., Htun, K. E., Shamloo, M., & Mobley, W. C. (2012) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1673-12.2012 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Behavioral flexibility in rats and mice: contributions of distinct frontocortical regions
Hamilton, D. A., & Brigman, J. L. (2015) · Genes, Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1111/gbb.12191 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
DeVito, L. M., & Eichenbaum, H. (2010) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2009.09.014 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
GluN2B in corticostriatal circuits governs choice learning and choice shifting
Brigman, J. L., Daut, R. A., Wright, T., Gunduz‐Cinar, O., Graybeal, C., Davis, M. I., Jiang, Z., Saksida, L. M., Jinde, S., Pease, M. W., et al. (2013) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3457 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Recognition memory: Material, processes, and substrates
Brown, M. W., Warburton, E. C., & Aggleton, J. P. (2010) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.20858 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Moreno-De-Luca, A., Evans, D. W., Boomer, K. B., Hanson, E., Bernier, R., Goin-Kochel, R. P., Myers, S. M., Challman, T. D., Moreno-De-Luca, D., Slane, M. M., et al. (2015) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2147 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Aging impairs hippocampus-dependent long-term memory for object location in mice
Wimmer, M. E., Hernandez, P. J., Blackwell, J. M., & Abel, T. G. (2011) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.07.007 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Cognitive and behavioral characterization of 16p11.2 deletion syndrome
Hanson, E., Nasir, R. H., Fong, A., Lian, A., Hundley, R., Shen, Y., Wu, B.-L., Holm, I. A., & Miller, D. T. (2010) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0b013e3181ea50ed · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Social recognition memory requires two stages of protein synthesis in micePreprint
Richter, K., Wolf, G. L., & Engelmann, M. (2005) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.97505 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Aberrant white matter microstructure in children with 16p11.2 deletions
Owen, J. P., Chang, Y. S., Pojman, N. J., Bukshpun, P., Wakahiro, M. L. J., Marco, E. J., Berman, J. I., Spiro, J. E., Chung, W. K., Buckner, R. L., et al. (2014) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4495-13.2014 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Contribution of mGluR5 to pathophysiology in a mouse model of human chromosome 16p11.2 microdeletion
Tian, D., Stoppel, L. J., Heynen, A. J., Lindemann, L., Jaeschke, G., Mills, A. A., & Bear, M. F. (2015) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3911 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Common variant at 16p11.2 conferring risk of psychosis
Steinberg, S., de Jong, S., Mattheisen, M., Costas, J., Demontis, D., Jamain, S., Pietiläinen, O. P. H., Lin, K., Papiol, S., Huttenlocher, J., et al. (2014) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2012.157 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
The temporal attributes of episodic memory
Kesner, R. P., & Hunsaker, M. R. (2009) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2009.12.029 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Yang, M., Mahrt, E. J., Lewis, F., Foley, G., Portmann, T., Dolmetsch, R. E., Portfors, C. V., & Crawley, J. N. (2015) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1465 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationFagan, J. F., Singer, L. T., Montie, J. E., et al. (1986) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.78.6.1021 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Interneurons Are Necessary for Coordinated Activity During Reversal Learning in Orbitofrontal Cortex
Bissonette, G. B., Schoenbaum, G. M., Roesch, M. R., & Powell, E. M. (2014) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.07.023 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Walsh, K. M., & Bracken, M. B. (2011) · Genetics in Medicine · doi:10.1097/gim.0b013e3182076c0c · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Brigman, J. L., & Rothblat, L. A. (2007) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2007.10.004 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) in two patients with 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome
Raca, G., Baas, B. S., Kirmani, S., Laffin, J. J. S., Jackson, C. A., Strand, E. A., Jakielski, K. J., & Shriberg, L. D. (2012) · European Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1038/ejhg.2012.165 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Genotype-First Analysis of the 16p11.2 Deletion Defines a New Type of “Autism”
Duyzend, M., & Eichler, E. E. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.02.032 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Goodyear, R. J., Jones, S. M., Sharifi, L., et al. (2012) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3635-11.2012 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Cognitive Abilities on Transitive Inference Using a Novel Touchscreen Technology for Mice
Silverman, J. L., Gastrell, P. T., Karras, M. N., Solomon, M., & Crawley, J. N. (2013) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bht293 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationDentate gyrus mediates cognitive function in the Ts65Dn/DnJ mouse model of down syndrome
Smith, G. K., Kesner, R. P., & Korenberg, J. R. (2013) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.22229 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Yang, M., Lewis, F., Foley, G., & Crawley, J. N. (2015) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.04.023 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationMicrodeletion of 16p11.2 associated with endocardial fibroelastosis
Puvabanditsin, S., Nagar, M., Joshi, M., Lambert, G. H., Garrow, E., & Brandsma, E. (2010) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A · doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.33562 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Poplawski, S. G., Schoch, H., Wimmer, M. E., Hawk, J. D., Walsh, J. L., Giese, K.-P., & Abel, T. G. (2014) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2014.09.002 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Germline Chd8 haploinsufficiency alters brain development in mouse
Gompers, A. L., Su-Feher, L., Ellegood, J., Copping, N. A., Riyadh, M. A., Stradleigh, T. W., Pride, M. C., Schaffler, M. D., Wade, A. A., Catta-Preta, R., et al. (2017) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4592 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Self-citation16p11.2 Copy Number Variations and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Rein, B., & Yan, Z. (2020) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2020.09.001 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Stoppel, L. J., Kazdoba, T. M., Schaffler, M. D., Preza, A. R., Heynen, A., Crawley, J. N., & Bear, M. F. (2018) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2017.236 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citationHyperactivity and male‐specific sleep deficits in the 16p11.2 deletion mouse model of autism
Angelakos, C. C., Watson, A. J., O'Brien, W. T., Krainock, K. S., Nickl‐Jockschat, T., & Abel, T. (2017) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1707 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Wang, W., Rein, B., Zhang, F., Tan, T., Zhong, P., Qin, L., & Yan, Z. (2018) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0149-18.2018 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Rein, B., Tan, T., Yang, F., Wang, W., Williams, J., Zhang, F., Mills, A., & Yan, Z. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-020-0693-9 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
- Authors
- Yang, M., Lewis, F. C., Sarvi, M. S., Foley, G. M., & Crawley, J. N.
- Affiliations
- University of California Davis Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Yang, Mu
- Venue
- Learning & Memory
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 2015-11-16
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 622-632
- ISSN
- 1072-0502 (ISSN-L)
- 1549-5485
- PMC
- PMC4749736
- OpenAlex
- W2175711195
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 4
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Learning & Memory (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- Simons Foundation, SFARI (204340)
- National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program
- University of California Davis MIND Institute
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genomic variations and chromosomal abnormalities
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- 16p11.2 deletion syndrome, cognitive impairment, novel object recognition, social novelty preference, visual discrimination learning, reversal learning, cognitive inflexibility, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, fear conditioning
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Autistic Disorder, Chromosome Deletion, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16, Cognition Disorders, Conditioning, Psychological, Cues, Discrimination, Psychological, Fear, Female, Heterozygote, Learning, Learning Disabilities, Male, Intellectual Disability, Mice, Transgenic, Psychological Tests, Reversal Learning, Social Perception, Swimming, Visual Perception, Recognition, Psychology, Chromosome Disorders, Spatial Memory
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
