Functional maturation of the executive system during adolescence
Open accessAbstract
Adolescence is characterized by rapid development of executive function. Working memory (WM) is a key element of executive function, but it is not known what brain changes during adolescence allow improved WM performance. Using a fractal n -back fMRI paradigm, we investigated brain responses to WM load in 951 human youths aged 8–22 years. Compared with more limited associations with age, WM performance was robustly associated with both executive network activation and deactivation of the default mode network. Multivariate patterns of brain activation predicted task performance with a high degree of accuracy, and also mediated the observed age-related improvements in WM performance. These results delineate a process of functional maturation of the executive system, and suggest that this process allows for the improvement of cognitive capability seen during adolescence.
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Connectivity strength and efficiency likely support age-related increases in the acquisition and execution of complex cognitive control skills.
“which likely support age-related increases in the acquisition and execution of complex cognitive control skills (see, e.g., Satterthwaite et al., 2013).”
From The dual systems model: Review, reappraisal, and reaffirmation (2016) · cites this paper as Satterthwaite et al., 2013
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- Authors
- Satterthwaite, T. D., Wolf, D. H., Erus, G., Ruparel, K., Elliott, M. A., Gennatas, E. D., Hopson, R., Jackson, C., Prabhakaran, K., Bilker, W. B., Calkins, M. E., Loughead, J., Smith, A., Roalf, D. R., Hakonarson, H., Verma, R., Davatzikos, C., Gur, R. C., & Gur, R. E.
- Affiliations
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Philadelphia VA Medical Center (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2013-10-09
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 41
- Pages
- 16249-16261
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC3792462
- OpenAlex
- W2075893253
- Cited by
- 276
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 8 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 6.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Sidney R. Baer, Jr. Foundation
- American Psychiatric Institute for Research and Education
- National Institute of Mental Health (RC2MH089983, K23MH085096, MH089983, K23MH098130, R01MH101111, MH089924, RC2MH089924, MH019112, T32MH019112)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Keywords
- executive function, working memory, adolescence, functional maturation, executive network, default mode network, brain activation, cognitive development, age-related cognitive change
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Brain, Brain Mapping, Child, Female, Humans, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Young Adult, Executive Function
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