Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 3,982

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Cosmological parameters from SDSS and WMAP

Open access
Tegmark, Max, Strauss, Michael A., Blanton, Michael R., Abazajian, Kevork, Dodelson, Scott, Sandvik, Havard, Wang, Xiaomin, Weinberg, David H., Zehavi, Idit, Bahcall, Neta A., Hoyle, Fiona, Schlegel, David, Scoccimarro, Roman, Vogeley, Michael S., Berlind, Andreas, Budavari, Tamás, Connolly, Andrew, Eisenstein, Daniel J., Finkbeiner, Douglas, Frieman, Joshua A., Gunn, James E., Hui, Lam, Jain, Bhuvnesh, Johnston, David, Kent, Stephen, Lin, Huan, Nakajima, Reiko, Nichol, Robert C., Ostriker, Jeremiah P., Pope, Adrian, Scranton, Ryan, Seljak, Uroš, Sheth, Ravi K., Stebbins, Albert, Szalay, Alexander S., Szapudi, István, Xu, Yongzhong, Annis, James, Brinkmann, J., Burles, Scott, Castander, Francisco J., Csabai, Istvan, Loveday, Jon, Doi, Mamoru, Fukugita, Masataka, Gillespie, Bruce, Hennessy, Greg, Hogg, David W., Ivezić, Željko, Knapp, Gillian R., Lamb, Don Q., Lee, Brian C., Lupton, Robert H., McKay, Timothy A., Kunszt, Peter, Munn, Jeffrey A., O’Connell, Liam, Peoples, John, Pier, Jeffrey R., Richmond, Michael, Rockosi, Constance, Schneider, Donald P., Stoughton, Christopher, Tucker, Douglas L., Vanden Berk, Daniel E., Yanny, Brian, York, Donald G.·2004·Physical Review D
DOI 10.1103/physrevd.69.103501
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

We measure cosmological parameters using the three-dimensional power spectrum $P(k)$ from over 200 000 galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) in combination with Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) and other data. Our results are consistent with a ``vanilla'' flat adiabatic cold dark matter model with a cosmological constant without tilt ${(n}_{s}=1),$ running tilt, tensor modes, or massive neutrinos. Adding SDSS information more than halves the WMAP-only error bars on some parameters, tightening $1\ensuremath{\sigma}$ constraints on the Hubble parameter from $h\ensuremath{\approx}{0.74}_{\ensuremath{-}0.07}^{+0.18}$ to $h\ensuremath{\approx}{0.70}_{\ensuremath{-}0.03}^{+0.04},$ on the matter density from ${\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{m}\ensuremath{\approx}0.25\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10$ to ${\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{m}\ensuremath{\approx}0.30\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04$ $(1\ensuremath{\sigma})$ and on neutrino masses from $<11$ to $<0.6\mathrm{eV}$ (95%). SDSS helps even more when dropping prior assumptions about curvature, neutrinos, tensor modes and the equation of state. Our results are in substantial agreement with the joint analysis of WMAP and the Two Degree Field Galaxy Redshift Survey, which is an impressive consistency check with independent redshift survey data and analysis techniques. In this paper, we place particular emphasis on clarifying the physical origin of the constraints, i.e., what we do and do not know when using different data sets and prior assumptions. For instance, dropping the assumption that space is perfectly flat, the WMAP-only constraint on the measured age of the Universe tightens from ${t}_{0}\ensuremath{\approx}{16.3}_{\ensuremath{-}1.8}^{+2.3}\mathrm{Gyr}$ to ${t}_{0}\ensuremath{\approx}{14.1}_{\ensuremath{-}0.9}^{+1.0}\mathrm{Gyr}$ by adding SDSS and SN Ia data. Including tensors, running tilt, neutrino mass and equation of state in the list of free parameters, many constraints are still quite weak, but future cosmological measurements from SDSS and other sources should allow these to be substantially tightened.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1103/physrevd.69.103501

Cites

14 of 14 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 14 references

Research works printed but not linked: 123

  1. G. Hinshaw, 2003, Astrophys. J., Suppl. Ser., 148, 135, 10.1086/377225 · DOI · Paper page
  2. L. Page, 2003, Astrophys. J., Suppl. Ser., 148, 233, 10.1086/377224 · DOI · Paper page
  3. H.V. Peiris, 2003, Astrophys. J., Suppl. Ser., 148, 213, 10.1086/377228 · DOI · Paper page
  4. L. Verde, 2003, Astrophys. J., Suppl. Ser., 148, 195, 10.1086/377335 · DOI · Paper page
  5. S. Bridle, 2003, Science, 299, 1532, 10.1126/science.1082158 · DOI · Paper page
  6. M. Colless, 2001, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 328, 1039, 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04902.x · DOI · Paper page
  7. W.J. Percival, 2001, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 327, 1297, 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04827.x · DOI · Paper page
  8. J.R. Bond, 1997, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 291, L33
  9. M. Zaldarriaga, 1997, Astrophys. J., 488, 1, 10.1086/304692 · DOI · Paper page
  10. Y. Wang, 1999, Astrophys. J., 510, 20, 10.1086/306558 · doi:10.1086/306558
  11. D.J. Eisenstein, 1999, Astrophys. J., 518, 2, 10.1086/307261 · DOI · Paper page
  12. G. Efstathiou, 1999, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 304, 75, 10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02274.x · DOI · Paper page
  13. D.G. York, 2000, Astron. J., 120, 1579, 10.1086/301513 · DOI · Paper page
  14. C. Stoughton, 2002, Astron. J., 123, 485, 10.1086/324741 · DOI · Paper page
  15. K. Abazajian, 2003, Astron. J., 126, 2081, 10.1086/378165 · DOI · Paper page
  16. M. Tegmark, 2004, Astrophys. J., 606, 702, 10.1086/382125 · DOI · Paper page
  17. L. Verde, 2002, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 335, 432, 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05620.x · DOI · Paper page
  18. X. Wang, 2002, Phys. Rev. D, 65, 123001, 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.123001 · DOI
  19. U. Seljak, 1996, Astrophys. J., 469, 437, 10.1086/177793 · DOI · Paper page
  20. M. Chu, 2003, Astrophys. J., 596, 725, 10.1086/378039 · doi:10.1086/378039
  21. W. Hu, 2001, Astrophys. J., 549, 669, 10.1086/319449 · DOI
  22. A. Kosowsky, 2002, Phys. Rev. D, 66, 063007, 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.063007 · DOI
  23. W.K. Hastings, 1970, Biometrika, 57, 97, 10.1093/biomet/57.1.97 · DOI · Paper page
  24. A. Gelman, 1992, Stat. Sci., 7, 457, 10.1214/ss/1177011136 · DOI · Paper page
  25. N. Christensen, 2001, Class. Quantum Grav., 18, 2677, 10.1088/0264-9381/18/14/306 · DOI
  26. R.E. Smith, 2003, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 341, 1311, 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06503.x · DOI · Paper page
  27. J.L. Tonry, 2003, Astrophys. J., 594, 1, 10.1086/376865 · DOI · Paper page
  28. M. Tegmark, 1994, Astrophys. J., 420, 484, 10.1086/173579 · doi:10.1086/173579
  29. S.M. Carroll, 1992, Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys., 30, 499, 10.1146/annurev.aa.30.090192.002435 · DOI · Paper page
  30. A.J.S. Hamilton, 2000, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 322, 419, 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04137.x · doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04137.x
  31. R.H. Cyburt, 2003, Phys. Lett. B, 567, 227, 10.1016/j.physletb.2003.06.026 · DOI · Paper page
  32. S. Burles, 1998, Astrophys. J., 499, 699, 10.1086/305667 · DOI · Paper page
  33. P.N. Walker, 1991, Astrophys. J., 376, 51, 10.1086/170255 · DOI · Paper page
  34. M.S. Smith, 1993, Astrophys. J., Suppl. Ser., 85, 219, 10.1086/191763 · DOI · Paper page
  35. M. Tegmark, 2001, Phys. Rev. D, 63, 043007, 10.1103/PhysRevD.63.043007 · DOI
  36. S.S. McGaugh, 2000, Astrophys. J. Lett., 541, L33, 10.1086/312902 · doi:10.1086/312902
  37. W.L. Freedman, 2001, Astrophys. J., 553, 47, 10.1086/320638 · DOI · Paper page
  38. N.A. Bahcall, 2003, Astrophys. J. Lett., 588, L1, 10.1086/375503 · DOI
  39. E. Pierpaoli, 2001, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 325, 77, 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04306.x · DOI
  40. S.W. Allen, 2001, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 342, 287, 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06550.x · DOI · Paper page
  41. M.L. Brown, 2003, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 341, 100, 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06237.x · DOI
  42. H. Hoestra, 2002, Astrophys. J., 577, 595, 10.1086/342120 · DOI · Paper page
  43. D. Bacon, 2003, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 344, 673, 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06877.x · DOI
  44. E. Pierpaoli, 2003, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 342, 163, 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06525.x · DOI
  45. P. Schuecker, 2003, Astron. Astrophys., 398, 867, 10.1051/0004-6361:20021715 · DOI
  46. P.T.P. Viana, 2003, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 346, 319, 10.1046/j.1365-2966.2003.07088.x · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2966.2003.07088.x
  47. U. Seljak, 2002, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 337, 769, 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05801.x · doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05801.x
  48. T.H. Reiprich, 2002, Astrophys. J., 567, 716, 10.1086/338753 · DOI · Paper page
  49. S. Borgani, 2001, Astrophys. J., 561, 13, 10.1086/323214 · DOI · Paper page
  50. M. Jarvis, 2003, Astron. J., 125, 1014, 10.1086/367799 · DOI · Paper page
  51. A. Refregier, 2002, Astrophys. J. Lett., 572, L131, 10.1086/341666 · DOI
  52. L. van Waerbeke, 2002, Astron. Astrophys., 393, 369, 10.1051/0004-6361:20020932 · DOI
  53. T. Hamana, 2003, Astrophys. J., 597, 98, 10.1086/378348 · DOI
  54. C.R. Contaldi, 2003, Phys. Rev. Lett., 90, 221303, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.221303 · DOI
  55. J.P. Ostriker, 2003, Astrophys. J., 597, 1, 10.1086/378320 · doi:10.1086/378320
  56. O. Lahav, 2002, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 333, 961, 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05485.x · DOI · Paper page
  57. A. Linde, 2003, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 305, 2, 10.1088/1475-7516/2003/05/002 · DOI
  58. A. Vilenkin, 1997, Phys. Rev. D, 55, 548, 10.1103/PhysRevD.55.548 · DOI
  59. A.D. Linde, 1995, Phys. Lett. B, 351, 99, 10.1016/0370-2693(95)00370-Z · DOI
  60. B.M.S. Hansen, 2002, Astrophys. J. Lett., 574, L155, 10.1086/342528 · DOI
  61. C.H. Lineweaver, 2000, Science, 284, 1503, 10.1126/science.284.5419.1503 · DOI
  62. M. White, 1998, Astrophys. J., 506, 495, 10.1086/306278 · DOI
  63. S. Dodelson, 1997, Phys. Rev. D, 56, 3207, 10.1103/PhysRevD.56.3207 · DOI · Paper page
  64. A.R. Liddle, 2003, Phys. Rev. D, 68, 061301, 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.061301 · DOI
  65. D. Wands, 2003, New Astron. Rev., 47, 781, 10.1016/j.newar.2003.07.006 · DOI
  66. L. Hui, 2003, Phys. Rev. Lett., 91, 131301, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.131301 · DOI · Paper page
  67. B. Kyae, 2003, J. High Energy Phys., 11, 36, 10.1088/1126-6708/2003/11/036 · DOI
  68. J.E. Lidsey, 2003, Phys. Lett. B, 575, 157, 10.1016/j.physletb.2003.07.091 · DOI
  69. G. Efstathiou, 2003, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 346, L26, 10.1046/j.1365-2966.2003.07304.x · DOI
  70. A. de Oliveira-Costa, 2004, Phys. Rev. D, 69, 063516, 10.1103/PhysRevD.69.063516 · DOI · Paper page
  71. T.J. Pearson, 2003, Astrophys. J., 556, 574
  72. U. Seljak, 2003, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 342, L79, 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06809.x · DOI
  73. W. Hu, 1998, Phys. Rev. Lett., 80, 5255, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.5255 · DOI · Paper page
  74. S. Hannestad, 2003, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 05, 004, 10.1088/1475-7516/2003/05/004 · DOI · Paper page
  75. O. Elgaroy, 2003, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 04, 004, 10.1088/1475-7516/2003/04/004 · DOI
  76. A.D. Dolgov, 2002, Nucl. Phys., B632, 363, 10.1016/S0550-3213(02)00274-2 · DOI · Paper page
  77. K.N. Abazajian, 2002, Phys. Rev. D, 66, 013008, 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.013008 · DOI · Paper page
  78. Y.Y. Wong, 2002, Phys. Rev. D, 66, 025015, 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.025015 · DOI · Paper page
  79. J.N. Bahcall, 2003, J. High Energy Phys., 11, 004, 10.1088/1126-6708/2003/11/004 · doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2003/11/004
  80. P. Di Bari, 2002, Phys. Rev. D, 65, 043509, 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.043509 · DOI
  81. P. Di Bari, 2003, Phys. Rev. D, 67, 127301, 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.127301 · doi:10.1103/physrevd.67.127301
  82. K.N. Abazajian, 2003, Astropart. Phys., 19, 303, 10.1016/S0927-6505(02)00204-9 · DOI
  83. S.W. Allen, 2003, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 346, 593, 10.1046/j.1365-2966.2003.07022.x · DOI
  84. A. Melchiorri, 2003, Phys. Rev. D, 68, 043509, 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.043509 · DOI · Paper page
  85. T. Barreiro, 2003, Phys. Rev. D, 68, 043515, 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.043515 · DOI
  86. S. DeDeo, 2003, Phys. Rev. D, 67, 103509, 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.103509 · DOI
  87. R.R. Caldwell, 2003, Phys. Rev. Lett., 91, 071301, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.071301 · DOI · Paper page
  88. R.R. Caldwell, 2003, Astrophys. J. Lett., 591, L75, 10.1086/376975 · DOI
  89. A.B. Balakin, 2003, New J. Phys., 5, 85, 10.1088/1367-2630/5/1/385 · DOI
  90. J. Weller, 2003, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 346, 987, 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2003.07144.x · DOI · Paper page
  91. R. Trotta, 2004, Phys. Rev. D, 69, 023509, 10.1103/PhysRevD.69.023509 · DOI
  92. P. Crotty, 2003, Phys. Rev. Lett., 91, 171301, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.171301 · DOI
  93. S.L. Bridle, 2003, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 342, L72, 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06807.x · DOI · Paper page
  94. L. Knox, 1998, Phys. Rev. Lett., 81, 2004, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.2004 · DOI · Paper page
  95. Y. Song-S, 2003, Phys. Rev. D, 68, 043518, 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.043518 · DOI
  96. P. Fosalba, 2003, Astrophys. J. Lett., 597, L89, 10.1086/379848 · DOI
  97. W. Hu, 1999, Astrophys. J. Lett., 522, L21, 10.1086/312210 · DOI · Paper page
  98. M. Kaplinghat, 2003, Phys. Rev. Lett., 91, 241301, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.241301 · DOI · Paper page
  99. K.N. Abazajian, 2003, Phys. Rev. Lett., 91, 041301, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.041301 · DOI
  100. N.A. Bahcall, 2003, Astrophys. J., 585, 182, 10.1086/345981 · DOI
  101. I. Zehavi, 2002, Astrophys. J., 571, 172, 10.1086/339893 · DOI · Paper page
  102. P. Fischer, 2000, Astron. J., 120, 1198, 10.1086/301540 · DOI
  103. C.H. Lineweaver, 1998, Astrophys. J. Lett., 505, L69, 10.1086/311613 · DOI
  104. M. Tegmark, 1999, Astrophys. J. Lett., 514, L69, 10.1086/311943 · DOI
  105. A.E. Lange, 2001, Phys. Rev. D, 63, 042001, 10.1103/PhysRevD.63.042001 · DOI · Paper page
  106. O, Zahn, 2003, Phys. Rev. D, 67, 063002, 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.063002 · DOI
  107. J.R. Bond, 2000, Astrophys. J., 533, 19, 10.1086/308625 · DOI · Paper page
  108. H. Sandvik, 2004, Phys. Rev. D, 69, 063005, 10.1103/PhysRevD.69.063005 · DOI
  109. J.E. Ruhl, 2003, Astrophys. J., 599, 786, 10.1086/379345 · DOI
  110. N.W. Halverson, 2002, Astrophys. J., 568, 38, 10.1086/338879 · DOI · Paper page
  111. A.T. Lee, 2001, Astrophys. J. Lett., 561, L1, 10.1086/324437 · DOI · Paper page
  112. A.C. Taylor, 2003, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 341, 1066, 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06493.x · DOI
  113. J.L. Sievers, 2003, Astrophys. J., 591, 599, 10.1086/375510 · DOI · Paper page
  114. C.L. Kuo, 2004, Astrophys. J., 600, 32, 10.1086/379783 · DOI · Paper page
  115. X. Wang, 2003, Phys. Rev. D, 68, 123001, 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.123001 · DOI
  116. M. Kaplinghat, 2002, Astrophys. J., 578, 665, 10.1086/342656 · DOI
  117. M.R. Blanton, 2003, Astron. J., 125, 2276, 10.1086/344761 · DOI · Paper page
  118. D.J. Eisenstein, 2001, Astron. J., 122, 2267, 10.1086/323717 · DOI · Paper page
  119. D.W. Hogg, 2001, Astron. J., 122, 2129, 10.1086/323103 · DOI · Paper page
  120. J.A. Smith, 2002, Astron. J., 123, 2121, 10.1086/339311 · DOI · Paper page
  121. M.A. Strauss, 2002, Astron. J., 124, 1810, 10.1086/342343 · DOI · Paper page
  122. B. Novosyadlyj, 1999, Astron. Astrophys., 347, 799
  123. D.J. Eisenstein, 1999, Astrophys. J., 511, 5, 10.1086/306640 · DOI · Paper page

Cited by

See all 3,982

Metadata

Authors
Tegmark, M., Strauss, M. A., Blanton, M. R., Abazajian, K., Dodelson, S., Sandvik, H., Wang, X., Weinberg, D. H., Zehavi, I., Bahcall, N. A., Hoyle, F., Schlegel, D., Scoccimarro, R., Vogeley, M. S., Berlind, A., Budavari, T., Connolly, A., Eisenstein, D. J., Finkbeiner, D., Frieman, J. A., Gunn, J. E., Hui, L., Jain, B., Johnston, D., Kent, S., Lin, H., Nakajima, R., Nichol, R. C., Ostriker, J. P., Pope, A., Scranton, R., Seljak, U., Sheth, R. K., Stebbins, A., Szalay, A. S., Szapudi, I., Xu, Y., Annis, J., Brinkmann, J., Burles, S., Castander, F. J., Csabai, I., Loveday, J., Doi, M., Fukugita, M., Gillespie, B., Hennessy, G., Hogg, D. W., Ivezić, Ž., Knapp, G. R., Lamb, D. Q., Lee, B. C., Lupton, R. H., McKay, T. A., Kunszt, P., Munn, J. A., O’Connell, L., Peoples, J., Pier, J. R., Richmond, M., Rockosi, C., Schneider, D. P., Stoughton, C., Tucker, D. L., Vanden Berk, D. E., Yanny, B., & York, D. G.
Venue
Physical Review D
Publisher
American Physical Society (APS)
Published
2004-05-05
Volume
69
Issue
10
ISSN
  • 0556-2821 (ISSN-L)
  • 1550-7998
  • 1550-2368
DOI
10.1103/physrevd.69.103501
OpenAlex
W2153811626
Cited by
3,982
References
14
FWCI
195.55
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green
Licence
link.aps.org/licenses/aps-default-license (vor)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Cosmological parameters from SDSS and WMAP. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1103/physrevd.69.103501
The paper
Tegmark, M., Strauss, M. A., Blanton, M. R., Abazajian, K., Dodelson, S., Sandvik, H., Wang, X., Weinberg, D. H., Zehavi, I., Bahcall, N. A., Hoyle, F., Schlegel, D., Scoccimarro, R., Vogeley, M. S., Berlind, A., Budavari, T., Connolly, A., Eisenstein, D. J., Finkbeiner, D., . . . York, D. G. (2004). Cosmological parameters from SDSS and WMAP. Physical Review D. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.69.103501

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.