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Artifact-resistant power-efficient design of finger-ring plethysmographic sensors
Abstract
A miniaturized, telemetric, photoplethysmograph (PPG) sensor for long-term, continuous monitoring is presented in this paper. The sensor, called a "ring sensor," is attached to a finger base for monitoring beat-to-beat pulsation, and the data is sent to a host computer via a radio-frequency transmitter. Two major design issues are addressed: one is to minimize motion artifact and the other is to minimize the consumption of battery power. An efficient double ring design is developed to lower the influence of external force, acceleration, and ambient light, and to hold the sensor gently and securely on the skin, so that the circulation at the finger may not be obstructed. Total power consumption is analyzed in relation to characteristics of individual components, sampling rate, and CPU clock speed. Optimal operating conditions are obtained for minimizing the power budget. A prototype ring sensor is designed and built based on the power budget analysis and the artifact-resistive attachment method. It is verified through experiments that the ring sensor is resistant to interfering forces and acceleration acting on the ring body. Benchmarking tests with FDA-approved PPG and electrocardiogram reveal that the ring sensor is comparable to those devices in detecting beat-to-beat pulsation despite disturbances.
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“This band would apply a skin pressure of about 75 mmHg and, due to its compliance, it would hold steady the applied pressure while the finger was in different positions.”
From Sources of inaccuracy in photoplethysmography for continuous cardiovascular monitoring (2021) · cites this paper as [213]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Rhee, S., Yang, B.-H., & Asada, H. H.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
- Published
- 2001-07
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 795-805
- ISSN
- 0018-9294 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2159079926
- Cited by
- 235
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 3.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Wireless Body Area Networks
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Keywords
- photoplethysmography, power consumption, telemetry monitoring, wearable sensors, ambient light interference, sampling rate optimization
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Algorithms, Equipment Design, Fingers, Humans, Male, Plethysmography, Electric Power Supplies, Pressure, Pulsatile Flow, Reference Values, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Reproducibility of Results, Artifacts, Monitoring, Ambulatory, Benchmarking
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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